hello everyone and welcome to mr. simplifies tutorials in this video we're gonna look at cold Berg's moral development theory so this is the theory which tries to understand how human beings develop moral interpretations and a little bit of background about kolesberg moral development theory it was highly inspired by pjs theory of moral development to begin with so basically Kohlberg agreed with Piaget and wanted to develop the theory further just like PJs Kohlberg moral development theory is also a type of cognitive development theory and it's based more on the moral development side of things that analyzes how morals are developed and how were these stages defined obviously just like PJ Kohlberg also had a sample section of the population he also selected individuals and performed various tests with them so essentially there are three stages in the Kohlberg moral development theory and these stages have two sub stages each which we're going to look at through the course of this video and basically what Kohlberg did was he used various hypothetical scenarios to actually engage the responses of his sample population and thereby defined stages one of the most popular scenarios hypothetical scenarios that he used was the Heinz dilemma and what's the highest ulema right so this is the story of mr. Heinz whose wife was dying from cancer I had a very specific type of cancer and the doctors advised that there was only one very specific drug that can actually save her at this point and there was only one chemist who actually had this drug and mr. Heinz went to the chemist who happened to actually demand ten times the cost to actually made the drug to mr. Himes and mr. Heinz couldn't afford it literally ten times the amount it actually costed the chemist who actually made the drug so imagine if it cost him a thousand hundred pounds let's say he actually tried to charge mr. Heinz a thousand pounds mr. Heinz couldn't afford it so he tried reasoning with the chemist he also tried to beg he also tried to plead and persuade him he also tried to to to convince the chemist that he would actually still buy it in the prize that it was offered at and paid an installment or paid later on but the chemist didn't listen and the chemist basically just wanted to make more money because he thought that this was his ticket to success so what happened in the end who was mr. Heinz stole it from the chemists premises that night so this is the story and what Kohlberg did was he he basically proposed a moral dilemma this moral dilemma to his subjects and gazed the responses that they produced the most common question asked was who was right in this situation was it the chemist who was right in charging whatever amount of money he pointed to for his product or was mr. Heinz right to have saved the life of his loved one by being on the wrong side of the law now let's look at the stages of moral development there are three stages essentially pre moral conventional and post conventional now I've numbered the sub stages to be the actual stages of development so that I know it becomes easier for people to understand so the first stage is obedience and punish punishment second is individualism and exchange good interpersonal relationships is a third maintaining social order is support social contract and individual writers fifth and universal principles which is a discarded level is the sixth let's look at each one now looking at the pre moral level the first stage here is obedience and Punishment this is for younger children and as we've looked at which Kohlberg agreed with in PJ's theory younger children seem to look at rules as absolutes so if something's wrong it's absolutely wrong and there's no way around it so they actually saw mr. Hines as being completely wrong as stealing is wrong and mr. mr. Hines didn't do the right thing whatever be the consequence of it the second level is individualism and exchange now children at this level understand that rules are sort of guidelines they're not always rigid and not always right the intent of rules is normally good they're they're always made with good intentions but it's not always necessary to follow them so most most children in this in this at this stage would believe that the druggist was actually being unfair and mr. Hines was ultimately being right in saving his wife's life now the second stage is conventional and under conventional comes in the first sub stage which is good interpersonal relationships now here young adults as as I would label them now are are are people who would actually believe in family community trust and compassion so they've started looking at the world through a through larger lens they're started looking at things outside of their own households and they would actually start looking at they actually start developing a community spirit so they also believe that mr. Hines was actually correct although he went against the law but he was still trying to protect his family the next stage is maintaining social order at this stage the emphasis is heavily lays on social order and the the socio political system that that exists in the world today and individuals at this level tend to believe that laws exist for a reason and if laws aren't followed there will be total chaos or an anarchy in the world so they they believed with the absolute convention then that mr. Hines was wrong they were completely convinced with that now we move on to the higher levels which is supposed conventional level the highest level sorry and the first sub stage here is social contract and individual rights now at this level at this higher level people understand that there can be various perspectives and basically there isn't a single perspective that actually rules the world or exists in the world and people at this level are more accepting of different perspectives different viewpoints than other levels they believe they understand and there's no simple definition of what a good society is there are various aspects to be balanced in the right way in a good society for instance human rights and laws they there needs to be a balance for a society to be considered to be good and people at this level understand that there's no simple answer to this but still believe that mr. Hines was right because what he did was ultimately saved a life and the value of life is higher than the actual laws that are built to protect lives now the last level is a discarded level which is universal principle now Kohlberg actually penned this level down initially thinking that this would be a level higher much higher than than any other level and very few people would actually in the history of civilization would actually get this sort of a level and basically these are basically individuals who are capable of defining their own moral guidelines which may or may not be coherent with the society that that exists today the social system the law the political system or the society on the whole so basically they act on they are they act according to according to a a set of moral guidelines which they've set for themselves and then defend them there are very few individuals who might or might not be wronged right sorry who might be right be wrong but they existed at this level and their judgments are completely different to the judgments of the rest of the society Kohlberg whoever scrapped this level later on thinking it does naturally serve a purpose now a very useful theory not without shortcomings though now one of the major shortcomings to this theory is that it applies it applies to individual individualism based societies so it only applies to societies that are that are mainly based on an individualistic culture and doesn't actually represent the the thought process of collective cultures and interestingly enough there was there was a criticism on the method that Kohlberg use because he actually used an all-male sample for some reason so the theory actually only looks at the male defense definition of morality doesn't actually take the female definition of our interpretation of moral morality into consideration at all and everybody knows that the female more considerate that female moral considerations are more well-defined and are more advanced than the more than the male moral definition in certain ways not in every way but in certain ways they're different nevertheless and they need to be looked at the dilemmas use used with its subjects to actually derive these conclusions are all hypothetical so if everyday dilemmas which directly affect somebody's little people's lives their own lives are put to people the responses could be completely different and then again in a very broad sense moral judgment doesn't actually link Lincoln with moral behavior which is what called Kohlberg I used to believe that in some way moral judgment actually links in with moral behavior but there are various other factors which which can influence moral behavior a lot more than just moral judgment just because an individual thinks that you know so-and-so is the right answer to this hypothetical situation put fault doesn't doesn't actually imply in any way that the actions performed by the a by the actual individual would in any way be correct or morally correct so moral behavior and moral judgment are two completely different factors okay so that is a brief overview hopefully it was simplified enough for you and as always I thank you very much for your attendance and I hope to get likes and subscriptions through this video and some support and hopefully I'll see you very shortly in the near future for the next video thank you very much good bye