Globalization and Human Rights Movements

Introduction

• Globalization has led to increased cultural contact and movements for reform, centered around the theme of liberation.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Created by the United Nations in 1948.
• Articulates basic human rights for all humans.
• Protects rights of marginalized groups like women, children, and refugees.
• UNICEF was established to feed children post-WWII.

Women's Rights

• Significant changes in the 20th century.
• 1975: UN's First World Conference on Women.
• 1979: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
  • Proposed an international Bill of Rights for women.
  • Included provisions for suffrage, marriage rights, equality in education, and birth control.

Black Liberation Movement

• Negritude movement in 1930s and 1940s by French-speaking Caribbean and African artists.
• Celebrated Black culture and promoted awareness.
• Influenced future anti-colonial and civil rights movements.

Religious Movements and Liberation Theology

• Born in Latin America as a reimagining of Catholic theology.
• Emphasized concern for the poor and marginalized.
• Influenced Catholic Church reforms towards social justice.

Education and Political Reforms

• Global human rights discourse led to inclusive reforms.
• Women's suffrage expanded worldwide in the 20th century.
  • USA (1920), Turkey (1934), Japan (1945) as examples.
• US Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination.
• India's caste reservation system reserved seats for marginalized casts.

Environmental and Economic Reforms

• Environmentalism rose in response to globalization's effects.

• Greenpeace founded in 1971 for environmental advocacy.

• World Fair Trade Organization aimed to reform exploitative economic practices.

  • Ensured fair prices for producers and promoted sustainable livelihoods.

Conclusion

• Globalization has led to various movements advocating for human rights, social justice, environmental protection, and economic reform.
• Additional resources available for further study, such as the AP World History review guide.