Hello everyone, welcome to Magnet Brains. Today we are going to start class 8th science, whose first chapter is crop production and management. So, in class 8th, the first chapter we have to read is about crops, how crops are produced and how they are finally brought to you. Yes, if I talk about wheat, wheat is We get wheat in the form of grains, but how do we get that wheat in the form of grains?
First, it is in the form of wheat grains, then it is ground. You must have seen this. But where does that wheat grow? Is there any other material with it that we have to separate, clean and then start? So, this whole process of crop cultivation, crop growth, irrigation, we will read about all these in our today's chapter Crop Production and Management.
So, for crop production, first we need to know what are the crops? So, there are two types of crops, Rabi crops and Kharif crops. So, I am sure first of all we need to understand the term crop.
Before that, if I talk about In 110 BCE, people used to roam around looking for food and shelter. They used to stay where they could find food and shelter, so that they could protect themselves from extreme weather conditions. But after some time, what happened?
If I grow any particular crop on a large scale, what will happen? and cater to the needs of all the people living there. This is what we call crop production. Crop is the plant that we can cultivate on a large scale on the land. Now let's see in detail about crops and their types.
As I have told you, when a plant grows in the same area, we call it a crop. There are two types of crops, Kharif crops and Rabi crops. So now what is Kharif and what is Rabi? I am sure we all know about winter season and summer season. So we just have to remember that the Kharif crops grow in rainy season that is after summer season.
When rainy season comes then only the crops grow. So why rainy season? rainy season is because we know that plants to grow water.
So that is why in rainy season the crops that grow will be called Kharif crops. Now the most important question is when does rainy season last? So I am really sure that you know that the month from which rainy season lasts in India will be the month for the cultivation of Kharif crops. And when does rainy season come? From June to September.
So, and in rainy season we will call them Kharif crops and here you can see an example of farmers planting Kharif crops so what do you think? in this picture which crop is being cultivated? can you please comment it in the comment section below so now we will see some more examples of Kharif crops paddy means rice, maize, soya bean, groundnut and cotton So, when can these crops grow in rainy season? That's why we call them Kharif crops. So, I hope Kharif crops are clear to you.
Now, let's see that sometimes there is a little rainfall in winter season. So, crops that are cultivated in winter season or grown, we call them Rabi crops. So, farmers planting Rabi crops.
So, here you can see. We know that these are grown in winter season and winter season is from October to March. And its example is wheat, gram, pea. So here you can see that in this picture farmers are cultivating wheat. Because it is an example of Rabi crop.
So when will Rabi crop grow? In winter season. So now we know the difference between Rabi and Kharif crop. Rabi crops in winter season may grow and kharif crops in rainy season.
Then we can write a difference point about months, that from this month to this month and from this month to this month. Then we can write examples, that examples of Rabi crops are these, examples of kharif crops are these. So, in this way, if we ever get asked to differentiate between the Rabi crops and kharif crops, then we can answer in this way.
So, I hope you have understood different types of crops. But now we are looking at what are these crops and what are their examples. But the whole process from which we start and then we get the whole plant, we will see what is that whole process. So over here, what are our agricultural crops?
Which we grow on a large scale. Of course, if you have a There are many villages in India. Basically, who live in villages?
Farmers. Their main occupation is farming. That means, the most percentage of the Indian population who live in rural areas, they are dependent on agriculture for their occupation.
So, if I talk about why crops grown in rural areas should grow in large scale? so that people in urban areas can also have food, pulses, vegetables available. So, in this way, poor people who live in rural areas, earn their livelihood by selling their crops to the people of urban areas.
So, that's why they want to grow crops on a large scale, with a very good yield, that is, crops grow a lot. So, they have to do a lot of things for that. So Here, some steps are mentioned like preparation of soil, then sowing of the seeds, then adding manures and fertilizers, then protecting the soil from weeds, irrigation, harvesting is the final and then storage.
So, we will read about all these in detail one by one. So, where will we start first? With preparation of soil.
First of all, we have to prepare the soil so that we can sow seeds in it. So, what does preparation of soil mean? First of all, if we have to prepare the soil, we have to loosen it. If I ask you to sow seeds in the soil, do you sow seeds in big crumbs of soil? No, you do the same thing, first loosen the soil so that you can easily sow seeds in it.
So the first step is preparation of soil. So what are the methods to prepare soil? First of all, we have to loosen the soil. And what happens due to loosening?
Earthworms, microbes develop there and enter there. Now why do I want the earthworm to enter the soil? What will happen when the earthworm comes? Earthworm is a farmer's friend. You will ask why?
Because earthworm is a farmer's friend because it releases such substances. That is, its urine and excreta works like a manure. That is why we want to loosen the soil so that microbes and earthworm can enter it.
So, this is the need for loosening the soil. So again, if we discuss in more detail, so what will we do after loosening of soil? You can tell, like you have ever been to a village, then you must have seen that in this way, the bulls and the farmers, what are they doing?
They are ploughing their farms here. Ploughing means ploughing. So what is the role of ploughing?
If we want to plant seeds in the soil, we want the soil to be level. And who helps the farmer in that? These are bulls. And what is connected to it is the plough.
So, here you can see that the work that the farmer is doing manually, here this work is tractor, means this work is machine driven because tractors are doing this work here. So, this is the two methods of ploughing, i.e. loosening the soil to prepare it for crop, for sowing. So, I hope you have understood these two things. So, we have discussed that what we have to do, we have to loosen the soil, we have to turn the soil and this is what we call tilling or ploughing and leveling of soil is also important.
If it is not uniform then we will not be able to grow crops. So I hope you got some idea of how to prepare soil. So now we will see in more detail how this ploughing is done. So just now you saw that this is how the soil is slightly washed.
So this plough What do you see in this plough? On the bulls, there is a stand type of racka and that is called plough shaft and plough shaft is connected to plough share So plough shaft and plough share are the parts of plough which help in ploughing or tilling So I hope you understood Our main purpose is to plough the soil, tilling the soil, add fertilizers, remove weeds, and turn the soil. For all these processes we use Plough.
And plough is driven by bolts as you can see in this diagram. And the long load of wood is called plough shaft. And plough shaft is attached to plough shaft.
So I hope you have understood this whole process. To plough, apart from ploughing, another instrument can be used which is a hoe. So, here you can see this is an example of a hoe. Now, if I talk about hoe, then hoe also works like a plough, its working is the same, it has a strong broad plate, and who pulls that strong broad plate?
Animals pull it, like bulls, cows etc. So, that is how again, hoe also does the same work, that it ploughs the soil, removes the weeds, level the soil. So the plough and hoe just have different structures but their working is the same.
Then again cultivator, as you can see if tractor or any machine is used which is mechanically driven then if we use it for ploughing then we call it cultivator. So what is cultivator? What does cultivator do?
What does it protect from? It reduces the hard work and labour of the farmers Because everything is machine driven So what is used in today's time for ploughing? Cultivator Because cultivator can plough a lot of land very quickly And there is no much labour involvement Because to run a tractor or cultivator Because it is connected to tractor We need only one person who can plough the entire land.
So this is about ploughing. Now after ploughing, what will be our next step? Sewing. Now we have to put seeds in the soil.
Sew. Now farmers bring seeds and they sow seeds. Which seeds should be taken and which not?
This is an important question. So what can we do for this? Farmers do an activity to check this. First of all, we will take a beaker and put water in it. Now we will put seeds in it.
So, if I ask you, will any light thing float on water or sink? Your answer will be, it will float. So, if any light thing, if the seeds are light, then what will they do?
They will float. Suppose, if I talk here, If I talk about some seeds, they float and some seeds sink. So what does this mean? The seeds that are hollow, that is the seeds that are attacked by the weeds and they are hollow inside, they will become light and they will float. And the rest of the heavy seeds will sink.
means good quality seeds will float and bad Bad seeds will float and healthy seeds will sink. Similarly, when farmers want good yield of crops, they focus on sowing good seeds. So, healthy seeds will sink. farmers healthy seeds or good quality seeds ko use karenge to jo yield aayegi wo bohot hi achhi hogi. So this is known as sowing.
Aap yaha par bhi dekh sakte hai ye seeds ye aur yena yaha par ye sow karne wale. So I hope this is clear to you. Aap next hum padte hai sowing ke baarame ki sowing karte kaise hai.
To sowing ko karne ke do tarike hota hai. The first method is the traditional method as you can see here. Again, bulls are being used and you can see the funnel here. We will fill the funnel shaped structure with seeds. When we fill the funnel shaped structure with seeds, as the bull moves forward, seeds will be put in the funnel and you can see the seeds are pointed objects that go inside the soil so these seeds go directly inside the soil from the funnel so this process is called sowing Yes, so this is nothing but sewing.
So this sharpened object puts the seeds directly into the soil. And as the bull moves ahead, the whole land is being sewed. So this is a traditional method. Why?
Because the use that is being done in this is man. and animals. Now the modern method is used in seed drill. So yes this is seed drill. So seed drill I am sure you will visit in any village so I am sure you will see these type of structures. So you can see what these sharp ends do.
They pierce and pierce the skin and this whole thing is connected to this tractor connected. Tractor will move and seeds will be in the soil and will be well sowed. Now what are the advantages of seed drill? Seed drill as you can see has sharp ends.
Because of this seed is sowed inside the soil. Because of that any bird or plant and can't lift the seed from the soil So what happens with this? Seeds are protected if seed drill is used.
And what else will happen with this? This will reduce the labor of farmers, because everything will be mechanized. So this saves both time and labor.
So if you have ever been to a village and if you have ever taken a seed drill So please do tell in the comment section which village, name the village and have you seen the seed drill yes or no. So I hope you have understood the function of seed drill and this is the most important because it is used for sowing nowadays. Because with the help of tractors, a lot of time is saved and our seeds are evenly sowed in the soil.
So I hope sowing and ploughing that is the preparation of soil. These two first two steps you must have understood. In our next video we will study in detail about the role of manures and fertilizers and so on.
Till then thank you. Hello everyone, welcome to Magnet Brains. Today we will study about crop production and management.
This is the topic of class 8 science. In the previous video, we had studied preparation of soil and sowing of crops. In today's video, we will go further on the next step. If we think that we have prepared the land, loosened it, so that we can sow the crops, we have done the sowing, we have used seed drill in a uniform manner. Now what do you think should happen next?
We have to keep the soil nutrients so that crops can grow well so that crops can get food. You tell me if you have to grow then at your growing age what do your parents give you to eat? They give you milk, milk is given to you because milk makes you strong, helps in growth. Again, you are given protein rich food, food that is rich in nutrients.
To? All these things supplement your growth. They help you grow. Similarly, what is food for plants?
For plants, manure is very important. Manure is something natural. Fertilizer is something artificial.
Manure is natural. Fertilizer is artificial. So what will be best for plants from natural and artificial?
Natural So definitely, manures are good for plants And we will definitely see what are their advantages And we will also see what are the fertilizers But first of all, we will talk about manures So if I talk about manures, then what do manures do? What manures do naturally is They add nutrients to the soil so that our crop is healthy and it easily supplements its growth and what do manures do? how do they grow?
the most important question is how do manures grow? so you all know that whenever plants and animals die we have read that decomposers come and decompose the body of plants and animals and that organic waste goes back to the soil and this is what is called manure. And how is it formed?
By decomposers which can be microorganisms also. So, the nutrients of plants and animals dead bodies go back to the soil. So, this is how manures are formed naturally. How do fertilizers are formed? Fertilizers are formed in factories.
and what are they? They are externally prepared, they are artificial. Now, they are artificial in the way that suppose we grow a crop in a soil, it takes all the nutrients of that soil.
So suppose, for example, if I say I sow wheat, now I am growing wheat on one land again and again, and suppose wheat takes all the nitrogen, nitrogen has disappeared in that soil so when I add nitrogen externally, artificially which I will make in the factor then that will be called fertilizer so fertilizer is rich in a specific nutrient so I hope you have understood that manure is natural and fertilizer is artificial so of course what will be good for plants manure So now we will talk about how manures are made by decomposition of plants and animal waste which is done by microorganisms. And what they do is they give nutrients to the soil. Now you must have seen that this is how these fertilizers are being sprayed.
And now look carefully what they have worn themselves, mask. Do you know the reason for this? Because this...
fertilizer spray and the gas released can cause them a lot of problems can cause any respiratory disease that is why he is wearing mask and spraying the fertilizers so that is again I can prove that fertilizers are harmful somewhere so here also you can see it is spreading but not using some machine just like this manually so I hope These are clear to you that what are fertilizers and what are manures and what is their role. Now we will read in a little more detail about fertilizers. So we have read that fertilizers are artificially made chemicals which are rich in a specific nutrient. Like if I tell you NPK, this is a fertilizer. Urea, ammonium sulfate, these are all fertilizers.
What is NPK's full form? In chemistry, Na is sodium metal, P is phosphorus and K is potassium. So, which of these two will be rich in NPK fertilizer?
Sodium, phosphorus and potassium. This fertilizer is rich in all three of these. And if I put it in the soil, what will it do?
increase these three nutrients in the soil. So, I hope you have understood this. What are fertilizers?
Chemicals because they are artificially made in industries or factories. Now, if I talk to you that what are good fertilizers? We have already read that chemicals are not good.
So what will happen if excessive use of fertilizers is done? First of all, they will decrease the fertility of the soil after a while. Second thing, they will cause water pollution.
As we saw in the previous video that fertilizer is being sprayed. If I tell you that you have to drink that water, it will cause a lot of diseases in you. So again they cause water pollution.
So what should be done? How to increase the fertility of the soil but use at least few fertilizers? One of the methods is called crop rotation. So now I will tell you what crop rotation is. suppose Suppose I grow wheat on my crops, I sow wheat on my crops, I grow wheat. Now after wheat, I do next cultivation on it, suppose I do cultivation of some other crop, suppose I do cultivation of rice.
So what will happen? The nutrients that wheat took, that nutrients rice will not take. Soil will take nutrients from the soil. Then in alternation, I am growing wheat rice like this.
But if I am growing wheat every time or rice every time, then what will happen? Soil will not get time to restore or replenish its nutrients. That is why alternate growing of crops, which is known as crop rotation, helps the soil to replenish the nutrients. So that's why crop rotation is a method in which excessive fertilizers are used without maintaining soil fertility. I hope you understood this.
Next we will study the difference between fertilizers and manures. But before that I want you to see the plant of the fertilizer. You have seen this in some bottles of fertilizers used by farmers.
Put a fertilizer. plant. Here fertilizer is manufactured in this factory. So let's read next differences between manure and fertilizer. So first thing we read that artificially the chemicals that are synthesized in factories are called fertilizers.
And which actually in the farms heat. by decomposition of dead plants and animals, they can be made by themselves. What do we call them?
Manures. So the first point is that manures are naturally made and they are made by decomposition of microorganisms. So that is why the first point says that manures are a natural substance and Fertilizer is an inorganic salt, which means it is a chemical.
So again we have read the second point that it is made in factories and it is made in fields. Next, if I ask you, will fertilizer add humus to the soil? No, humus is the topmost layer of soil which increases soil fertility a lot. And how does it make? How is it made?
When dead plants and animals are decompose from it. So, fertilizers which are artificially made in factories, will they be able to add humus to the soil? No. But will they be able to add manures? Yes.
So, that is why manures provide humus to the soil, but fertilizers don't. Again, one small disadvantage of fertilizer is that fertilizer, as we had read NPK is a fertilizer, so it enriches soil in sodium, potassium and phosphorus. Manures specifically cannot enrich soil in any particular nutrient. I can say in one way that manures are slow, fertilizers are fast. But we all know that Due to fast growth, fertilizers are not so fruitful for soil, they cause soil and water pollution.
Manures are natural, even though they are slow, but they do not have any negative role. So, if I see, pros and cons are of everything. So, our last point is that fertilizers make nutrients very rich and manures are very good.
can't be that rich. But this is only one disadvantage of manure which is not of fertilizers. Rest of the advantages are of manure.
So I hope you understood this and now I will tell you in detail about the importance of manure and advantages of manure. So the first thing is that if manure is added to soil water holding capacity of the tank. because soil becomes porous and holds water. And what happens due to soil being porous? Pores are formed, which means exchange of gases is also easy.
That means whatever gases plants need in soil, those gases can come and get trapped. So that is why exchange of gases is also possible. possible and All the microbes that are friendly to the soil, they also come along with the manure in the soil. And they are friends of the soil or farmer.
And of course, the texture of the soil improves. That means the soil quality improves if manure is added to it. I'm sure you must have heard this from your gardener's mouth. So I hope you liked this video. advantages of manure which is an organic substance is clear.
In our next video we will read this chapter. Till then thank you. Hello friends welcome to Magnet Brains.
Today we will read about crop production and management. This is the topic of class 8 science. In our previous video, we had studied about manures and fertilizers and how they act as supplements to grow crops.
In today's video, we will further study about the next important step which is irrigation. So, what is the meaning of irrigation? What is required to grow crops?
Other than sunlight, manures and fertilizers, water is also needed. Why? If there is no water, then how will the germination of seeds happen? That is why water is necessary for plants. And how do all the nutrients reach the crop from the soil?
Because they dissolve in water and then are transported through water. So, what is required for this process? Water and crop plants, fields. Water is called irrigation.
What does irrigation do? It provides water to the crops. There are many big fields.
How can water be delivered to the entire field? I cannot put water in a bucket in the entire field. There are many systems for this.
We will read about them. As you can see here. Here is water columns are running so that water can go into the entire field. Again, you can see that water is being sprinkled here. This is a sprinkler system.
You can see that water is being given to the entire field. The entire coverage of this is on the farm area and every crop gets water there. This is its sole purpose.
So, if I ask you, we provide water through irrigation. In winter season, there will be more need for irrigation or in summer season. As you all know, through the leaves of plants, water continuously through the process of transpiration water keeps evaporating so now in summer season the rate of evaporation will increase due to which the frequency of watering or irrigation should be high in summer season as compared to winter season now how will you do irrigation? there are many ways tube wells, wells, rivers, ponds, lakes, canals, dams, rivers, from all these places, when we put water on fields, this process of watering is called irrigation.
Like dams are constructed, water is stored in rainy season and used for irrigation in summer season. So I hope this is clear to you. Now we will see some more methods of irrigation. We have read in general methods of irrigation. But we will see some more specific methods of irrigation.
What did people of olden times use? And in today's time, which machines do we use for irrigation? So, first of all we will talk about traditional methods. So, what about traditional means? The methods of the olden times.
So, what used to happen in that? Mostly the system used to be manual. That means the farmers used to do the irrigation laboriously. So, let us see some examples.
As you can see here, the four systems are the most traditional methods of irrigation. Mote, Chain pump, Dhekli, Rahat. So, what is the Mote system? How do we extract water from the wells? We use a pulley which is round and through rope we put the bucket in the water.
The bucket is filled and we extract it. And then we spread the water on the land through the bucket. So that is a moat. Next is chain pump.
Chain pump is a long chain with circular disks in which water is filled and then we leave it on agricultural land. So, it spreads the water there. Again, if I talk about Dhekli. What is Dhekli?
Dhekli is the use of ropes. If I attach a rope to a container and leave it on the land, that is nothing but a Dhekli. As you can see here, ropes are used.
And through the use of ropes, water is put in containers and then it is taken to all the irrigation lands then RAHAT what is RAHAT? as I can show you the diagram here this is a spherical wheel what is attached to the ends of this spherical wheel? as you can see, there are many small buckets these buckets, chain of buckets the system which is attached to the wheel is called RAHAT and then when this wheel rotates, then these buckets the water will be spread in the field and the irrigation process will be completed so let me show you the diagram of all these systems one more time MOT which is your pulley system RAHAT, many buckets are attached to the spherical wheel and here we can see not only human beings that is manual labour But Cattle is also involved, kao buffalo. This process is very laborious. Again, here you can see chain, pump and dhekli.
These are the few systems which were traditionally used. Why are they not used now? Now, what modern techniques have come?
So, the one used for irrigation now has different techniques. Why? The first consideration is water. To use water in irrigation but not to waste water.
So we have to use water in such a way that it should not happen that there is a lot of water in one part of the land and water is not going to the other part of the land. So we have to improve efficiency, reduce water consumption, reduce manual labour. Because of these three reasons, Actually, now it is used that is known as the modern methods of irrigation. In which we will first read about sprinkler system.
So, as you can see here, this is sprinkler. Now, first of all, this water is going in the form of droplets, not much, but in the form of droplets, pressure. First of all, you can see this, it is populating from the soil.
perpendicularly attached. So this is perpendicular, it has a lot of nozzles and with the help of nozzles, water will be sprinkled through the entire field. So I hope sprinkler system is clear to you. As soon as I talk about sprinkler system, first of all it will be electricity driven. As soon as I switch on, at regular intervals, water will be sprinkled on the entire irrigation land base will spread here so I hope this is clear to you now this sprinkler system has some demerits due to which we use drip irrigation so drip irrigation is the best technique of irrigation why?
what is the disadvantage of sprinkler system that drip system is considered very good Basically, sprinkler system is a perpendicular pipe and water is sprinkled through the nozzle. So, water is sprinkled on the leaves and stems of the crop where it is not required. Actually, what crops need to grow is water on the roots.
That is, we have to properly water the soil. So that the roots can absorb water from there and then it can be transported. Via the transportation tubes which we had studied about in class 7 science.
So the main drip system is useful, a very big boon is in dry regions. Like if I talk about Rajasthan, if I talk about Gujarat, then there is a lack of water there. then we can't think of water wastage as 1% so that is why what we need to do is we need to follow the drip system so that water doesn't go directly to roots and there is no water wastage so I hope you have understood the drip system which is used today most commonly for irrigation next So, we have seen all these methods like preparation of soil, we have seen sewing, we have added manure fertilizer, we have added water. Now what happens is, along with crops, some substances also grow which start giving competition to the crops. They will also start taking water, they will also start taking manure fertilizer.
So, the crop will not get it. So, we call such unwanted substances as weeds. And, weeds grow along with crops.
There is sunlight, water, manures. Do we need these weeds? No. That's why we call them unwanted.
And, how can these weeds be removed? Manually. Take a pot.
And, take out the weeds from the pot through the soil. Manually, using a pot. And, Another thing that is being done is spraying. These are called weedy sites. Weed means undesirable plants that grow with the crops of plants.
And sites means killing. So, we call the substances that kill weeds as weedy sites. Weedy sites are the substances that kill weeds and they are also chemicals. When we spray those chemicals on the field, they kill the weeds so that they cannot compete with our crops.
I hope you have understood this whole process. The removal process of weeds is called weeding. Weeds are undesirable plants and they affect the growth of plants.
We can remove them with a rag or spray them with a sprayer. I hope you understood why protection from weeds is important. Now after all these processes, what happens?
Harvesting. harvesting means when the crops are Now I am going to remove the seeds from the plant. When I remove the seeds from the plant, that is known as harvesting.
How can we harvest? You might have seen that by cutting the seed from a U-shaped sickle. You can cut the seed from the sickle. That is nothing but harvesting. Cutting of crops.
Harvesting is done by a sickle or This is done manually. It will take a lot of time. Nowadays, the use for harvesting is known as a combine.
What is a combine? First of all, we have to see that harvest can be done by sickle or by harvester. So, the harvester is a machine, but with the help of the crop, for example wheat, there is a peel outside the wheat, which we call the shaft. We don't eat that.
We have to separate the shaft from the wheat. And this process is called winnowing. and I separated the shaft from the grain by winnowing This work will be time consuming if done manually. But if it is done by a machine, that means the machine harvests the grain, that means it cuts the grain, and separates the grain from the shafts, that means it also winnows the grain. So winnowing plus harvesting combined is done by this combine.
So it does both things combinedly, that's why it is called combined. So what is it doing here? Harvesting as well as winnowing.
So I hope you have understood the function of combine. What is harvest festival? Harvest festival is a sense of good feeling and that everything is fine.
If harvest is good then you must have seen celebration. Because farmers celebrate that this year the crop is very good. That means they have a lot of profits.
And they celebrate them in the form of festivals. Like in Bihu, Assam. Pongal etc.
So this sense of well being in Punjab So these festivals are called Harvest festivals So I hope harvesting is clear for you Now we have cut and cleaned the crops What after this? Can we leave them in open? No, because many bacteria and microorganisms will attack them So we have to properly store them so that we can use them in the future in a clean and proper way so we have to properly store them so let's see next is storage after harvesting is storage so what is the need of storage? because many microorganisms attack us insects, rats, all these are or can damage the wheat So you must have seen that your mother puts some artificial tablets in rice or pulses.
What do all these tablets do? They prevent the attack of the microorganisms Similarly, you must have seen that sometimes neem leaves are added Dry neem leaves. Again, I don't need moisture in food.
Just like if I say But if I say that If anything gets wet, then the chances of microbes attacking will increase. That is why dried neem leaves are kept. The wheat cans that we have seen at home, that is why dried neem leaves are used.
So that they can protect the grain from attack of any infection, any microbes. And we have talked about our home. On large scale, silos, granaries, metallic bins are used. As you can see here, wheat is stored in Jute's gunny bags.
These bags are made of thick cloth which avoid the contact of crops with any moisture or water. Again, this is the example of big silos and what we do in this is we can store the grains. So I hope you have understood why storage is important so that rats, insects, microbes do not attack and do not spoil the food.
We have talked about plants till now, but I am sure when your mother goes to buy milk from milkman, you must have seen that milkman has cows and buffaloes in his house, from which he is actually producing milk. So, using plants and animals for the products they give is known as rearing animals on a large scale. And this is known as animal husbandry. So, here you can see examples. When you go to buy chicken, you know from chicken shop that until we don't pay, we won't get chicken.
So, we are rearing animals for their products. This is known as animal husbandry. Excuse me.
So I hope this is clear to you. In our next video, we will study the frequently asked questions of this chapter. Till then, thank you.
Hello everyone, welcome to Magnet Brains. Today we will study about crop production and management. In the previous videos, we have studied this chapter in detail.
And in today's video, we will study the important questions of this chapter, which are NCRT questions. So let's begin. Select the correct word from the following. The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called So the plant which is cultivated at one place is called crop. Next, the first step before growing of crops is dash of soil.
So before growing, soil has to be prepared. So it is preparation of soil. Damaged seeds would dash on top of water.
We had performed an activity where we saw that damaged seeds float and good quality seeds are not hollow so they sink. For growing of a crop sufficient sunlight and dash and dash are required. We know that plants need water, nutrients and sunlight to grow.
and these three things are obtained from nutrients and water and directly from the soil and sunlight so I hope these questions are clear to you Next, match the following Kharif Crops so can you see any Kharif Crops in the B set? Paddy and Maize so Paddy and Maize are Kharif Crops Rabi crops, we have to find rabi crops from here. Wheat, grain and pea are rabi crops. Next, chemical fertilizers. Examples of chemical fertilizers are urea and superphosphate.
Organic manure which is made up of animal excreta, cow dung and urine. So organic is called that because it is cow dung, and animal excreta, waste and dead bodies of plants and animals we get from their decomposition similarly we have read the examples of Rabi and Kharif crop and we have also seen some names of chemical fertilizers give two examples of Kharif crop so we just saw paddy, maize these are examples of Kharif crop Rabi crop, wheat, pea, gram etc so these are examples of rabi crop write a paragraph in your own words for a preparation of soil so preparation of soil kiya hota hai yaani ki hume soil ko prepare karna hai crops ko sow karne se pehle kyu yeh zaruri hai agar hum soil ko prepare nahi karenge yaani usse loosen nahi karenge toh kya hoga seeds uske andar araam se jaa nahi payenge seeds jaane ke baad hune air. So for all these things we loosen the soil properly so that we can do the sowing.
So preparation of soil means loosening of soil. This penetrates the roots deep into the soil. So we read that ploughing is done with the help of a plough. We also read about parts of a plough. Plough shaft.
next sewing so sewing kya hota hai putting of seeds so when we have loosen the soil then we will sew the seeds so sewing is the putting of seeds into the soil so how we do it we have seen that nowadays modern day techniques which are used whose name is seed drill seed drill has long which are called claws, in which we put the seeds and they and then we put the seed inside the soil so that the seeds are saved from insects otherwise insects will eat them and go away if they stay on top of the soil so we use seed drill to put the seed inside the soil so I hope this is clear that we use seed drill which has sharp ends next weeding so what is weeding What is a weed? Weeds are undesirable plants, these plants start growing weeds along with our crops and we don't need this, why? because they compete with crops for sunlight, for manure, for water everything they compete with the main crop so what we do is weeding, meaning removal of weed we call the process of removing the weed, weeding so this is known as weeding threshing, again when you Suppose if I talk about wheat, then the peel of the wheat is called the shaft.
So, this process is called threshing by removing the shaft from the grain. And this threshing process is done nowadays using a modern machine which is known as a combine. So, combine is used for threshing and it is called combine because it does harvesting and threshing as well. means seeds are cooked It separates the manure and then separates it from the shaft. That is why combine is used for the dual purpose.
How are fertilizers different from manure? We know that fertilizers are man-made and manufactured in factories. In fact, manures are made from the decomposition of organic waste.
So they are pure. because they are organic and they don't cause loss to the soil but they enhance the fertility of the soil but what about fertilizers? overuse of fertilizers makes the soil less fertile I hope you are clear about these two things this is all about the difference between fertilizers and manure Next. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
So what is irrigation? Giving water to the crops so that they can grow. So this giving of water is nothing but known as irrigation that is watering of crops.
So now we have to use two methods of irrigation. One is sprinkler method and other is drip method. So what happens in sprinkler method? In this we do sprinkle, that is why it is called sprinkler method. So we sprinkle a lot of water on the crops.
When it rains, water comes from above. So in this system, we also use perpendicular pipes. Which have a lot of nozzles.
Now water is sprinkled from the nozzles as if it is raining. So irrigation or watering happens in a lot of areas. So I hope this system is clear to you. So next we will move to drip system. Now what is there in drip system?
What happens in drip system is that the fields where irrigation is done, water is given directly in their roots. Not sprinkled from above because we know that we don't need to add water on stems or leaves. It is important for us to water the roots. So what we do is we In a drip system, the pipelines are at a very low height so that the water goes directly to the roots drop by drop.
And what happens with that is that in such areas where there is a lot of water shortage, the drip system is very useful, like Rajasthan and areas like that. so your main pipe It is connected to lateral pipe and the nozzles of lateral pipe are at ground level. So that is why they provide water to the plants drop by drop. So where availability of water is poor, it can be used there also. If wheat is sown in Kharif season, what would happen?
When do we grow wheat? We know that wheat is not Kharif, it is Rabi crop. We know that Rabi crop's best season is from December to April. If we don't grow it from December to April, what will happen? If we grow it in Kharif season, what will happen?
If it grows in Kharif season, the conditions will be different. In those conditions, temperature, weather, wheat will not grow well. We say that wheat production will be very high and very low. All the conditions for its growth are found in Rabi season. So if we grow it in Kharif season, then the production will not be good.
Explain how? Soil gets affected by continuous plantation of crops in a field. If we continuously grow crops on the same piece of land, then what will happen?
That means the same land is growing crops on it again and again. The nutrients of that land are taking over the crops. After some time, that land will become barren. You will not be able to farm on it because the soil did not get time to replenish the nutrients.
What are weeds? How can we control them? So we have read that weeds are unwanted plants which grow with crops.
They are unwanted because they compete with crops for sunlight and water and minerals. So we don't want them because we can't consume them. Because I consume wheat, but the weeds with wheat We don't consume them, so they are of no use to us.
So that is why they are unwanted. Now how will you control them? When we talk about weeds, then what can we do in the beginning?
We can use the seed to remove the weeds manually. Or we can spray some substances that kill these weeds, but do not affect the plant. And such chemicals that kill weeds, they are called weedy sides. Side means killing. So they kill weeds and do not damage the plant.
So these chemicals are diluted with water and sprayed in the fields through sprayers so that your weeds get killed. Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production. So we know that first of all we will do preparation of the soil, then ploughing of the field. Preparation also means ploughing of the field.
And after that we will soak the seeds in it. And after that we will do manuring, whatever extra needs are there in the manure. good minerals and organic substances and then watered it when it grows, cut it and then sent it to sugar factory for storage so lets see the order once again preparation of soil, ploughing of the field sowing, manuring, irrigation, harvesting and then sending to the factory if your answer was same then do comment in the comment section below Yes or no?
So this completes the chapter. So this completes your chapter and I hope this video is useful for you. Till then, thank you.