Period 7 Overview

How to Use the Speed Review Sheet

• Print out the review sheet provided in the link.
• Circle any terms (people, events, vocab) you need to focus on.
• Master the topics, check them off, and move on.

Frontier Thesis and American Imperialism

• Frederick Jackson Turner: Published the Frontier Thesis after the 1890 census, declaring the American frontier closed.
• American Identity: Based on conquering Western lands.
• Expansion: Sought new markets and resources beyond the continental US.

Hawaii and Strategic Imperialism

• Hawaiian Coup: American sugar traders helped overthrow Hawaiian monarchy for annexation.
• Strategic Location: Hawaii as a stepping zone to Asian markets.

Key Imperialists

• Alfred Mahan: Argued for a strong navy for American growth.
• Josiah Strong: Advocated spreading American culture and religion.

Spanish-American War

• Yellow Journalism: Heightened tensions with Spain through sensationalist reports.
• De Lome Letter: Insulted President McKinley, increasing hostilities.
• USS Maine Incident: Led to war; ended with American victory.
• Treaty of Paris: US gained Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico; bought the Philippines.

Key Foreign Policies

• Open Door Policy: John Hay; access to Chinese markets.
• Roosevelt Corollary: Justified US intervention in Latin America.
• Dollar Diplomacy: Economic investments in Latin America.
• Moral Diplomacy: Promote democracy and free trade.

Progressive Era Reforms

• Muckrakers: Exposed corruption (e.g., Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair).
• Roosevelt's Square Deal: Focused on consumer protection, controlling corporations, conservation.
• Economic Reforms: Clayton Antitrust Act, 16th Amendment, Federal Reserve.
• Political Reforms: 17th Amendment, initiative, referendum, recall, secret ballot.
• Women's Role: Temperance (18th Amendment), Suffrage (19th Amendment).

World War I and American Involvement

• Neutrality to War: Unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Telegram.
• Homefront Contributions: Women, minorities filled jobs; restrictions on liberties (Espionage and Sedition Acts).
• Wilson's 14 Points: Proposed League of Nations; faced Senate opposition.

African-American Civil Rights

• NAACP Formation: Founded to fight for rights and tackle disenfranchisement.
• Great Migration: Movement to northern cities; led to Harlem Renaissance.
• Double V Campaign: WWII effort for equality at home and abroad.

1920s: Economic and Social Changes

• Economic Growth: Consumerism, credit expansion, unregulated banking.
• Red Scare: Nativism, immigration quotas.
• Prohibition: Led to organized crime; notable figures such as Al Capone.
• Cultural Shifts: Flapper style, Scopes Monkey Trial (evolution vs. fundamentalism).

Great Depression and New Deal

• Black Tuesday: Stock market crash; exacerbated by Dust Bowl.
• Hoover's Laissez-Faire Approach: Eventually intervened, but too late.
• FDR's New Deal: Relief, reform, recovery; Fireside Chats, New Deal programs.
• Criticism: From both Huey Long and business leaders.

World War II and American Involvement

• Neutrality Acts to War: Cash and carry, Lend-Lease Act, Pearl Harbor attack.
• Japanese Internment: Executive Order 9066, upheld by Supreme Court.
• Contributions of Minority Groups: African-Americans, Native Americans, Women.
• Manhattan Project: Atomic bomb development, led to Japan's surrender.

Exam Preparation

• Causation: Be familiar with causes of imperialism, Great Depression, effects of the New Deal.
• Comparison: Differences between WWI and WWII homefronts; 1920s fundamentalism vs. modernism.
• Continuity and Change: Discuss foreign policy changes, Progressive Era reforms.

For more resources, check related study guides and practice essays.