Transcript for:
PTCB Pharmacy Technician Exam Overview

hi my name's amanda and i'm a pharmacist this is my ptcb pharmacy technician certification exam full practice test number one it includes 90 questions with explained answers and if you find this video useful please press the like button subscribe to my channel and share it with others who may find it helpful too and if you would like to support this channel with a donation press the heart thanks button to give me a super thanks thanks i really appreciate it number one which drug classification does citalopram belong to a beta blockers b ace inhibitors c ssris or d antihistamines and the answer is c ssris cetalopram is an ssri on the ssris that stands for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and it is a type of antidepressant and it includes celexa the generic name of citalopram zoloft with the generic name of sertraline prozac with the generic name of fluoxetine and lexapro with the generic name of escitalopram for some other examples of ssris antihistamines are for allergy symptoms this includes zyrtec the generic name is cetirazine claritin generic name is loratadine benadryl generic name is diphenhydramine for a few examples beta blockers are for high blood pressure and irregular heartbeat they have the o law suffix some examples include tenormin generic name is atenolol and low pressure the generic name is metoprolol ace inhibitors that stands for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors therefore high blood pressure and heart failure they have the prill suffix some examples of ace inhibitors include prinoville generic name lysinopril and vasotec the generic name is enalapril number two how many milliliters are in five ounces a 120 b 130 c 140 or d 150 and the answer is d 150 there are 150 milliliters in 5 ounces to solve this problem we need to know our conversion equivalents 1 ounce equals 30 milliliters so one way to do this is to set up fractions that cancel like units and then multiply so there are 30 milliliters per 1 ounce and we multiply that by 5 ounces over 1. we always put the units that we want on top so we want milliliters and then we can see have an ounce on the bottom and an ounce on the top so those cancel and we're left with milliliters then we just do the math so 30 times five is 150 and then one times one is of course one so we're left it's 150 milliliters number three what is the drug name a manufacturer gives to a drug a chemical name b generic name c brand name or d n d c and the answer is c brand name the brand name is the drug name a manufacturer gives to a medication for example tylenol is a brand name the generic name is the active chemical ingredient of a medication that is equivalent to a brand name drug for example for our brand name of tylenol acetaminophen would be the generic name the chemical name is a description of the chemical structure of a drug this usually is not seen in the pharmacy usually we just see the brand in generic names but for tylenol which is the brand name acetaminophen's the generic name the chemical name is n acetyl p aminophenol and for an ndc that is a national drug code is what that stands for and this is a unique 10 digit three-part number used to identify drug products and the first segment of the number is called the labeler code that is the manufacturer of the product the middle set of numbers is the specific drug strength and dosage form that's called the product code and the last segment of the numbers is the package code and that stands for the amount in the package so for example the this ndc we have here is 50580 that's the first part that would be the labeler code that's the manufacturer so in this case it means johnson and johnson the middle number 449 that stands for the drug strength and dosage form so this number in particular means tylenol 500 milligram caplets and the 34 is the last segment and that is the amount in the package that that that code stands for a 325 count bottle number four which of the following controlled drugs cannot have refills a ativan b tylenol number 3 c norco or d lyrica and the answer is c norco cannot have refills um norco is the brand name for hydrocodone with acetaminophen it's a dea schedule 2 for severe pain dea schedule 2 medications can have no refills adivan that's the brand name for lorazepam it's a dea schedule 4 of its benzodiazepine for anxiety dea schedule 3 4 and 5s can have five refills in six months from the date a prescription was issued tylenol number three and that's acetaminophen with codeine it's a dea schedule three it's for moderate to severe pain and as i said before the dea schedule three fours and fives can have five refills in six months from the date the prescription was issued lyrica is the brand name for pre-gabilan it's a dea schedule five it's for nerve pain and dea schedules threes fours and fives can have five refills and six months from the date the prescription was issued schedule twos remember those have no refills number five how many 500 milligram doses of an ampicillin can be obtained from a 2 gram vowel a 2 b 4 c 8 or d 10. and the answer is b four okay to solve this problem we need to know our conversion equivalent with grams and milligrams so one gram equals one thousand milligrams the way i've worked this problem there are other ways but i've set up equivalent fractions cross multiplied then divided so there's one thousand milligrams per gram and i'll set that equal to x milligrams per two grams now we'll just multiply one thousand times two is two thousand then divided by one is two thousand so x is two thousand milligrams um so we have five hundred milligram doses of the ampicillin that we're wanting so we take the 2000 milligrams and divide that by 500 milligrams and that gives us four doses number six a patient with a macrolide allergy should not take which antibiotic a amoxicillin b cephalexin c clindamycin or d azithromycin and the answer is d azithromycin a patient with a macrolide allergy should not take azithromycin its brand name is zither max and it's a macrolide or it's also known as erythromycin antibiotics amoxicillin its brand name is amoxyl and it's a penicillin antibiotic a cephalexin its brand name is keflax and is a cephalus foreign antibiotic and there can be a cross sensitivity in allergies with penicillins and cephalosporins um clindamycin its brand name is cleoson and it's a lincosamide antibiotic so even though it has the mice and ending it is not a macrolide number seven propranolol is classified as what type of drug a arb b ace inhibitor c ppi or d beta blocker and the answer is d beta blocker propranolol is a beta blocker remember beta blockers they're for high blood pressure and irregular heartbeat and they have the o law suffix so with propranolol you can see the olaf suffix and its brand name is enderol the arbs are angiotensin receptor blockers and they're for high blood pressure they have the sarton suffix some examples include cozar the generic is losartan or diovan the generic is a valsartan ace inhibitors these are the and these are the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors they're for high blood pressure and heart failure they have the preal suffix so printaville is a is one of those and it's generic is lysine april and another one is vasotec and it's generic is enalopril ppis that stands for proton pump inhibitors they're for heartburn and gerd and they have a prazole suffix so some examples inc include pralasec that's omeprazole nexium which is esomeprazole and protonix which is pantoprazole number eight what dea schedule is adderall a 1 b 2 c 3 or d 4. and the answer is b adderall is a dea schedule 2. the dea schedules are based on accepted medical use and abuse or dependency potential schedule 1 drugs have no medical use and a high abuse potential these are illegal drugs that are not prescribed schedule 2 drugs have a high potential for abuse and dependence and generally these are the narcotic pain medications and stimulants for adhd like adderall schedule 3 drugs have a moderate to low dependence and less abuse and these include products with not greater than 90 milligrams of codeine per unit and the testosterone products schedule 4 drugs have a low dependence and less abuse potential compared to the others and this includes the sleep medications and the benzodiazepines for anxiety and schedule 5 medications they have an even lower abuse potential and this includes medications for cough and then for nerve pain number nine which category of drug means medications for cough a antipyretic b antitussive c analgesic or d anticoagulant and the answer is b antitussive means medications for cough so antitestive medications are drugs used to suppress cough antipyretic means drugs used to treat fever analgesics are drugs used to reduce pain and anticoagulants are drugs used to prevent the formation of blood clots also known as blood thinners number 10 which drug recall classification means that the product is unlikely to cause any adverse reactions a class 1 b class 2 c class 3 or d class 4 and the answer is c class three there are three drug recall classes class one recalls are the most serious this means the defective product is believed to be so dangerous that it could cause serious health problems or death class 2 recalls means something is wrong with the product that may cause a temporary health concern but not as serious as class 1. in class 3 recalls these are the least serious recalls and they're unlikely to cause any adverse reactions or health concerns number 11 what size syringe should be used to measure 2.5 milliliters a 1ml b 2 ml c 5 ml or d 10 ml and the answer is c 5 ml to obtain the most accurate measurement use a syringe that is over and closest to the amount needed and while 10 ml syringe could be used to measure 2.5 ml it's not the most accurate 5 ml's is more accurate since it's over and closest to the amount needed number twelve a physician orders one hundred grams of two percent hydrocortisone ointment one percent and two and a half percent strengths are in stock how much of each strength is needed to prepare this order correctly a 67 grams of two and a half percent 33 grams of 1 percent b 33 grams of two and a half percent and 67 grams of one percent c 55 grams of two and a half percent and 45 grams of one percent or d 45 grams of two and a half percent and 55 grams of one percent and the answer is a 67 grams of two and a half percent and 33 grams of one percent way to work this problem first recognize that it's an allegation problem we have two concentrations given and we're looking for a different one that's in between the two concentrations we have so to solve we can use the ratio method or the tic-tac-toe method and i'll show you both the ratio method first we're going to identify the hc which is the high concentration it's two and a half percent the low concentration or lc is one percent and the desired concentration or dc is two percent now we need to subtract to get a ratio of hc to lc so we take the dc minus the lc and that will give us our hc ratio value then we take the hc minus the dc and that will give us our lc ratio value so if we do the math here for the hc ratio value we take 2 minus 1 that gives us 1 and for the lc ratio value we take two and a half minus two and that gives us 0.5 now we need to get the total parts so we add those together one plus 0.5 gives us one and a half total parts so you can see our ratio of hc to lc is 1 to 0.5 so now to determine our amounts we take our high concentration amount or high concentration ratio over the total and multiply it by the quantity needed so we have 1 is the hc ratio 1 is our hc value so 1 over the total is 1.5 times 100 gives us 66.7 we can round that up to 67. so that's 67 grams of the high concentration which is the two and a half percent we'll need and then for the low concentration we take its ratio value of 0.5 divided by the total 1.5 times 100 the amount that we need and that gives us 33.3 which will round that to 33 grams of the one percent now we'll look at the tic-tac-toe method for this problem first we start with a tic-tac-toe grid and we put our hc in the top left or dc in the very center and our lc in the bottom left now we're going to take the difference diagonally so the difference between the lc and the dc will be written in the top right and the difference between the hc and the dc will be written in the bottom right we'll add that column and that gives us the total parts then we're going to get our hc fraction and we're going to put it over the total parts multiply that by the quantity needed and that will be the amount of the high concentration needed we'll do the same thing for the low concentration fraction we'll take our lc parts over the total parts times the quantity needed and that will give us the amount of the low concentration needed so now we'll plug those numbers in so our high concentration in the top left is two and a half our desired concentration is two we put that right in the middle and then the low concentration is one we put that in the bottom left now we do our subtraction to get our our fractions and one the difference between one and two is 1 that will be our hc fraction and then the difference between the 2 and a half and 2 is 0.5 that will be our lc fraction we put those in the on the right side the top right and then the bottom right we add those to get our total parts so our total parts is 1.5 so our hc fraction will be 1 over 1.5 times 100 grams that's how much we we need and that gives us 66.7 grams which rounds up to 67 grams of the two and a half percent the high concentration needed and for the low concentration it's 0.5 over the total parts 1.5 times 100 that gives us 33.3 grams round that to 33 grams of the low concentration needed or the one percent number 13 a patient calls the pharmacy and requests refills for low pressure and zoloft which medications should be selected for refill a atenolol and citalopram b antenna law and sertraline c metoprolol and citalopram or d metoprolol and sertraline and the answer is d metoprolol and sertraline so this patient ordered their medications by the brand name so low pressure is the brand name the generic is metoprolol and that's a beta blocker zoloft the generic for it is search or lean and that's a ssri antidepressant antenna law is to norman and that's also a beta blocker you know that by the o law suffix and citalopram is celexa that's an ssri antidepressant number 14 what is a mixture of very small drug particles floating in liquid called a solution b suspension c elixir or d emulsion and the answer is b suspension suspension is a mixture of small particles that do not dissolve in a liquid and they need a shake well sticker on them solutions are a mixture of dissolved drug in a liquid so solutions they are dissolved you do not need to shake those an elixir is a mixture of dissolved drug in a liquid containing part alcohol and it needs a contains alcohol and drowsiness warning emulsions are a mixture of two liquids that usually don't mix so like water and oil and it's prepared in a way that those those are able to mix number fifteen a patient is to receive gentamicin at a dose of five milligrams per kilogram per day what is the total daily dose if the patient weighs 150 pounds a 258 milligrams b 312 milligrams c 341 milligrams or d 378 milligrams and the answer is c 341 milligrams to work this problem um we have to know our conversion equivalence with kilograms and pounds so one kilogram equals 2.2 pounds so if we convert that into the weight into kilograms we're given the weight in pounds 150 pounds um we know one there's one kilogram per 2.2 pounds times 150 pounds so our pounds there's one on the top one on the bottom those cancel we're left with kilograms and we do the math here 1 times 150 150 divided by 2.2 times 1 which is 2.2 that gives us 68.2 kilograms so that is the patient's weight in kilograms so now we want a dose of five milligrams per kilogram per day so if we have five milligrams per kilogram times the weight of 68.2 kilograms a mark we have a kilogram on the top a kilogram on the bottom those cancel we're left with milligrams so 5 times 60 68.2 equals 341 milligrams and so that is the amount that the patient will receive in the day number 16 what is the correct temperature range for drug products that are to be stored at controlled room temperature a 2 to 8 degrees celsius b 20 to 25 degrees celsius c 36 to 46 degrees fahrenheit or d 78 to 96 degrees fahrenheit and the answer is b 20 to 25 degrees celsius as far as controlled room temperature if we want to see those with the fahrenheit and celsius equivalents i'm 68 to 77 degrees fahrenheit which is 20 to 25 degrees celsius that is controlled room temperature storage of medications 36 to 46 degrees fahrenheit or two to eight degrees celsius is the equivalent that's the temperature for refrigeration storage of medications number 17 a physician orders 1 000 milliliters d5w over 8 hours the drip factor is 20 gtts per ml what is the flow rate in drops per minute a 40 drops per minute b 42 drops per minute c 45 drops per minute or d 48 drops per minute and the answer is b 42 drops per minute so this is a flow rate calculation to do those calculations first identify the units you're looking for so we're looking for drops per minute or gtts per min um set up the fractions that cancel like units and then we'll multiply the fractions so we're looking for we want drops on the top and minutes on the bottom so we're going to start out with our drops um the drip factor is 20 drops per 1 milliliter times 1 000 milliliters per 8 hours so now we have a milliliter on the top and one on the bottom so those cancel and then we know there's one hour per 60 minutes so times one hour per 60 minutes so now we have our hour on the top an hour on the bottom and those cancel we're left with drops on the top minutes on the bottom then we just do the math so 20 times 1000 is 20 000 divided by 8 or divided by 1 times 8 times 60 which is um 480 that gives us 41.6 or 42 drops per minute when we round up number 18 which piece of information is not required on repackaged unit doses a expiration date b lot number c ndc or d drug strength and the answer is c ndc is not required on repackaged unit doses repackaging medications in the unit doses means taking medication usually tablets or capsules from large bulk containers and putting it into small single dose packages each individual unit dose package must contain the drug name and strength this identifies the medication the expiration date this is how long the stability is guaranteed and the lot number this is to track specific batches in the event of a recall and the ndc which is the national drug code is not required on unit dose packages number 19 which element is k the chemical symbol for a sodium b potassium c iron or d calcium and the answer is b potassium k is the chemical symbol for potassium um the chemical symbol for sodium is n a for iron it's fe and for calcium it's ca number 20 how many milligrams of clindamycin are in 60 grams of clindamycin one percent gel a 0.6 milligrams b 6 milligrams c 60 milligrams or d 600 milligrams and the answer is d 600 milligrams so to solve this problem we need to know what concentration as a percentage means so it means grams or milliliters of a drug per 100 grams or 100 milliliters of a total product so one percent means that there's one gram per 100 grams um so we can set up equivalent fractions and then cross multiply and divide to get our answer so if we have one gram per 100 grams that's our one percent it it's we set that equal to x grams over 60 grams so now when we cross multiply we do one or 60 times one that's 60 and then 60 divided by 100 gives us 0.6 so x is 0.6 grams well our answers are in milligrams so now we have to convert it to milligrams so there are a thousand milligrams per 1 gram times 0.6 grams and that gives leaves us with a milligram on the top grams cancel one on the top one on the bottom and that gives us 600 milligrams number 21 the drug omeprazole works by a enhancing stomach acid production b blocking the pumps in the stomach cells that produce acid c blocking the effect of histamine in the stomach or d enhancing the effect of histamine in the stomach and the answer is b the drug omeprazole works by blocking the pumps in the stomach cells that produce acid omeprazole it has the prazole suffix and it's a ppi for heartburn and gerd gerd stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease ppis that stands for proton pump inhibitor proton pumps produce acid in the stomach so these medications turn off those acid pumps they inhibit the proton pumps so some other examples of the proton pump inhibitors remember they have the prazol suffix so meprazole is palysac esomeperazole is nexium lanzoprazole is prevacid and pantoprazole is protonix so h2 blockers are medications for heartburn and gerd that block the effect of histamine in the stomach which causes a decrease in stomach acid production they have a tiding suffix so there's famotidine which is pepsin renitidine which is zantac and it was actually recalled in 2020 so it's no longer on the market and cementidine which is tagamet and a good thing to know with that one is there are many drug interactions with it number 22 when preparing iv products in a laminar flow hood work should be done at least how far inside the hood a 2 inches b 6 inches c 10 inches or d 12 inches and the answer is b 6 inches when using a laminar flow hood all work must be done at a distance of at least six inches from the front edge if iv products are prepared at a distance of less than six inches from the front edge of the work surface contamination is possible because the clean laminar flow air can mix with the outside air number 23 which of the following is not a valid physician dea number a ac3624334 b a d 2 1 2 2 3 6 5 c b c 4 2 1 7 3 2 3 or d b d 1 2 4 5 2 2 5. and the answer is c bc 4217323 is not a valid physician to ea number all dea numbers consist of two letters and seven numbers to determine if a dea number is valid know what each part means so the first letter is the registrant type this indicates if it's a physician physician's assistant hospital clinic that's the type of registrant it is and the second letter indicates the first letter of the prescriber's last name for example if this was dr smith's dea number the second letter would be s for smith the next six digits are the unique identifier digits and then the seventh digit the very last digit of the dea number that's called the checksum digit and if the checksum digit is correct it's a valid dea number so the checksum digit has to be calculated the way to do this you add the first third and fifth digits so with this example we would add 3 two and three and that gives us eight then we're going to add the second fourth and sixth digits and multiply that number by two so that would be six plus four plus three is thirteen and then we multiply that by 2 so we get 26 now we're going to add those two numbers together so 8 plus 26 is 34 and then the last digit of the answer the digit in the ones place is going to be the seventh digit of the dea number it's going to be the checksum so in this case it should be four and so on this one you can see that it is four so this is a valid dea number so now we'll look at our dea number that was not valid so the bc4217323 so first to do the checksum we'll add the first third and fifth digits so four plus one plus three that's eight now we'll add the second fourth and sixth digits and multiply that by two so two plus seven plus two is eleven then times two is twenty two now we add those two numbers together so 8 plus 22 is 30. and then the last digit of the answer what's in the ones place is going to be our seventh digit the checksum so in this case it should be a zero it's a three so this is not a valid dea number number 24 what size filter is needed to safely withdraw medication from an ampoule a one micron b 2 micron c 5 micron or d 7 micron and the answer is c 5 microns an ampoule is a sealed glass valve that contains medication to remove the medication the glass must be broken to avoid contaminants of small glass pieces in the final product a filter needle or filter straw with a 5 micron filter must be used to remove medication from an ampoule number 25 which of the following medication classes are used for anxiety and sleep a diuretics b benzodiazepines c analgesics or d anti-hypertensives and the answer is b benzodiazepines are used for anxiety and sleep diuretics these are known as water pills they decrease fluid and swelling analgesics are for pain and anti-hypertensives are for high blood pressure number 26 325 milligrams of acetaminophen is approximately how many gr of acetaminophen a 0.325 gr b 32.5 gr c 4 gr or d 5 gr and the answer is d 5 g r so we have to know what g r stands for gr is grains that's commonly confused with grams but remember grams is just g so gr stands for grains one grain equals 64.8 milligrams so to solve this i'm going to set up equivalent fractions cross multiply then divide so there's one grain per 64.8 milligrams equals x grains per 325 milligrams so 325 times 1 equals 325 divided by 64.8 equals 5.02 so 5 grains so 325 milligrams is 5 grains number 27 what is the controlled substance schedule of temazepam a 2 b 3 c 4 or d 5 and the answer is c4 temazepam is a schedule for medication and it's a benzodiazepine for sleep it's brand name is restoral and just an overview of our schedules schedule ones have no medical use and a high abuse potential these are illegal drugs that are not prescribed schedule 2 drugs generally are narcotic pain medications and stimulants for adhd and schedule 3 drugs are those containing not greater than 90 milligrams of codeine per unit and testosterone products schedule 4 which is what temazepam was that's that's generally the sleep medications and the benzodiazepines for anxiety and schedule 5 medications have a lower abuse potential um generally things for like cough and nerve pain number 28 how many 10 ml valves of novolog are needed for a 30-day supply of insulin with directions 30 u s q qam 25u sqpm a one vowel b two vowels see three vowels or d four vowels and the answer is b two vowels okay so this prescription's for nova log um nova log is u100 insulin most insulin is u100 and what u100 means is that as there are 100 units per milliliter so a 10ml valve of u100 insulin there would be a hundred times 10 so a thousand units are in a 10 ml val of the u100 insulin the amount for one day i need to calculate that so 30 units subcutaneously every morning and 25 units subcutaneously every evening so 30 plus 25 that would be a total of 55 units for one day so now for 30 days we would have 55 units times 30 days times 30 so that comes out to 1 650 units needed for 30 days so now if we take a hund take 1 650 units divided by 1000 units that was the amount in a 10 ml valve that gives us 1.65 valves so we will round that up to two valves so two valves will be needed for this prescription number 29 which of the following federal laws regulates the safety of drugs and medical devices a csa b hipaa c f d and c act or d p p p a and the answer is c f d and c act and the f d and c act is the food drug and cosmetic act it created the fda which is the food and drug administration and they regulate the safety of drugs and medical devices they deal with things like ingredient purity and labeling csa is the controlled substance act um this developed the five schedules schedule one two three four and five and it regulates the production distribution and marketing of substances with medical use but also abuse and dependency potential and it's enforced by the dea which stands for the drug enforcement administration hipaa stands for health insurance portability and accountability act this restricts access to private medical information it protects and assures patient confidentiality and pppa stands for the poison prevention packaging act this requires child resistant packaging of drug products so think about the safety caps on prescription bottles that's due to the pppa number 30 you're asked to compound 200 milliliters of metronidazole 5 liquid how many 500 milligram metronidazole tablets will be needed a 10 b 20 c 30 or d 40. and the answer is b 20. so we're compounding a 5 percent liquid so a concentration as a percentage we have grams per 100 milliliters or grams depending on the product so 5 grams per 100 milliliters since this is a liquid is equal to 5 so we're going to set up a equivalent fractions and cross multiply and divide to get the total number of grams that would be in 200 milliliters so 200 uh we'll set up our fraction 5 grams per 1 100 milliliters equals x grams per 200 milliliters so 200 times 5 equals 1000 then divided by 100 equals 10 grams so we need 10 grams of metronidazole in this 200 milliliters to make a 5 liquid so the question is how many 500 milligram tablets will be needed so there are 1 000 milligrams per 1 gram times 10 grams so we have if we just set that up as a multiplication problem we have our grams on the top grams on the bottom those cancel we're left with milligrams on the top so 1000 milligrams times 10 grams equals 10 000 milligrams our tablets are 500 milligrams each so we divide that by 500 and that equals 20. so we'll take 20 tablets to make this product number 31 what is the trade name of simvastatin a lipitor b zocor c crestor or d mevacor and the answer is b zocor is the trade name of simvastatin and trade name is just another name for brand name and all of these medications are hmg coa reductase inhibitors for high cholesterol you can see they all have the statin suffix so lipitor is a torvastatin zocor is simvastatin crestor is rosuvastatin and mevacore is lovastatin number 32 how many grams of sodium are in 1000 mls of ns a 0.9 grams b 9 grams c 90 grams or d 900 grams and the answer is b nine grams ns stands for normal saline and normal saline is 0.9 percent sodium chloride or nacl so 0.9 percent sodium chloride remember percent means per 100. so with a concentration as a percentage we know it's grams per milliliters per 100 milliliters so 0.9 grams per 100 milliliters is what 0.9 sodium chloride contains so if we set that up with as equivalent fractions cross multiply and divide we'll get how many are in 1000 milliliters so 0.9 grams per 100 milliliters equals x grams per 1000 milliliters so 0.9 times 1000 equals 900 then divided by 100 equals 9 grams so there are 9 grams of sodium chloride and one thousand milliliters of normal saline number 33 which of the following resources is used to determine therapeutic equivalence of generic drug products a rims b medwatch c purple book or d orange book and the answer is d orange book the orange book contains the two letter therapeutic equivalence codes for determining if a generic product may be substituted for a brand name product um codes with the first letter of a these are known as a-rated drugs may be substituted for brand name so codes such as ab or aa the purple book it contains information on fda-approved biological products these are means products that are made from living organisms and you can think of this as being most refrigerated drugs insulin falls into this category the purple book it has the biosimilar and interchangeable products and the reference product of these biological products rems stands for risk evaluation mitigation strategy these are required from drug manufacturers to ensure that the benefit outweighs the risk of a drug there are basically plans of action for certain drugs to be put into place to reduce the occurrence of adverse effects they may rims may require pharmacies to be certified to dispense certain drugs or to provide extra services such as verifying lab work or giving medication guides before dispensing specific medications medwatch is the fda's medical product safety reporting program for health professionals and patients it's where adverse events are reported the medwatch system collects reports of adverse reactions and quality problems of drugs and medical devices as well as other fda regulated products if a problem is discovered from medwatch reports the fda can issue safety alerts labeling changes and product recalls to protect public health number 34 how many grams of hydrocortisone powder are in four ounces of 2.5 percent hydrocortisone ointment a 2 grams b 3 grams c 4 grams or d 5 grams and the answer is b three grams so remember concentration as a percentage is grams of drug per 100 grams or milliliters of product so in this case it's two and a half percent um so that would be 2.5 grams per 100 grams so if we have 2.5 grams per 100 grams we're looking for how much in four ounces so one ounce equals 30 grams so there's 30 grams per 1 ounce times 4 ounces over 1. our ounces cancel we're left with grams that gives us 120 grams so if we have two and a half grams per 100 grams we'll set that equal to x grams per 120 grams now if we do the cross multiplication um we'll cross multiply 2.5 times 120 equals 300 and then divide 300 divided by 100 that gives us 3 grams so x equals 3 grams number 35 which of the following drugs is classified as an arb a zestril b to norman c cosar or d norvasc and the answer is c cos r is an arb the generic name of cozar is losartan so the sarton suffix indicates it's an arb or angiotensin receptor blocker zestril is the brand name for lysinopril you can see the prill suffix that means it's an ace inhibitor to norman is the brand name for atenolol it has the olaf suffix so it's a beta blocker and norvasc is the brand name for amlodipine it has a depene suffix and that indicates it's a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for high blood pressure actually all these are for high blood pressure number 36 how many 500 milligram tablets are needed to compound 250 milliliters of 200 milligram per 5 ml suspension a 20 b 25 c 30 or d40 and the answer is a 20. so we're going to find the total milligrams that we need we have 200 milligrams per 5 milliliters we'll multiply that by 250 milliliters and we have a milligram on the top our milliliter on the top milliliter on the bottom so milliliters cancel and we'll be left with milligrams so 200 times 250 then divided by 5 equals 10 000 milligrams so that's the total amount that we'll need and then if we take 10 000 milligrams divided by 500 milligrams for each tablet that gives us 20 tablets that's what we'll need to compound 250 milliliters of 200 per 5 suspension number 37 what dea form is used to order schedule 2 drugs a 41 b 106 c 222 or d 224 and the answer is c 222 the dea form 222 or some will say 222 is the order form for c2s dea form 222 a is the order form for more 222 forms dea form 41 that's for reporting the destruction or return of outdated or damaged controlled substances dea form 106 is for reporting a loss or theft of controlled substances dea form 224 is a pharmacy dea registration and dea form 224 a is the pharmacy dea license renewal number 38 which of the following is an example of ppe that may be needed for compounding a syringe b spatula c counting tray or d gloves and the answer is d gloves ppe stands for personal protective equipment these are items worn to minimize exposure to hazards in the workplace and to protect individuals from injury or illness some ppp examples include gloves masks goggles face shields respirators helmets and protective clothing such as gowns number 39 which of the following is typically administered ivpb a fluid replacement b electrolytes c antibiotics or d vaccines and the answer is c antibiotics ivpb stands for iv which is intravenous piggyback these medications are administered by a secondary to iv tubing that connects to the primary tubing it's used for administration of small volumes typically from 50 to 250 milliliters such as antibiotics fluid replacement is given by the primary tubing and in large volumes electrolytes are typically contained in iv fluid replacement so ns is normal saline which is 0.9 sodium chloride lr is lactated ringers which contain sodium potassium and calcium those are all electrolytes vaccines are not administered iv injectable vaccines are given im which stands for intramuscularly and in that's into a muscle or sc which is subcutaneously that's also abbreviated sq that means under the skin and that depends on the particular vaccine as to how it's administered number 40 if a patient is to be given 10 ml equivalents of potassium chloride iv and the pharmacy stock's kcl 2 milli equivalents per milliliter solution what volume is needed a 2.5 ml b 5 ml c 10 ml or d 12.5 ml and the answer is b 5 ml so for this problem we're going to determine the volume needed that will contain 10 ml equivalents of potassium chloride and kcl that's just the chemical formula for potassium chloride so one way to do this is a set of equivalent fractions cross multiply and then divide to solve for x so our stock solution is kcl 2 ml equivalents per 1 milliliter so two ml equivalents over one milliliter equals 10 ml equivalents over x milliliters so if we solve this that will tell us how many milliliters we need to have 10 ml equivalents so if we cross multiply ten times one is ten then divide to solve for x divided by two so ten divided by two is five so five milliliters is how much we'll need and just a reminder about when you set up equivalent fractions and the numerator the top numbers the units must match and the denominator the bottom which is the bottom number those units must match as well for these equivalent fractions to work number 41 what is the retail price of a prescription with an awp of 24.96 a markup of 5 and a dispensing fee of 6.50 a 32 dollars and 71 cents b 33 dollars and three cents c 31.67 cents or d 29 and 21 cents and the answer is a 32.71 cents to solve this problem we have to know what determines a prescription price so the awp which is the average wholesale price that's the standard for calculating prescription prices if we add the awp and the markup then we add the dispensing fee that gives us our prescription price so our awp is 24.96 and we're gonna add five percent of 24.96 to that number so remember percent means per 100 so 5 of 24.96 we take 24 96 times um 0.05 that would be 5 that's a 1.25 so and then we're going to add the 6.50 prescription to get our prescription price so we have 24.96 plus a dollar 25 that's our awp and our markup plus our dispensing fee of six dollars and fifty cents and we do the math and that gives us 32.71 cents for the prescription price number 42 which of the following is equivalent to a dose of phenobarbital 1 4 gr a 250 milligrams b 97.2 milligrams c 32.4 milligrams or d 16.2 milligrams and the answer is d 16.2 milligrams our dose of phenobarbital is 1 4 gr gr stands for grains remember g is grams gr is grains and one grain equals 64.8 milligrams so i'll show you two different ways to do this problem first you can set up fractions that cancel like units then multiply the fractions so 64.8 milligrams per one grain times one fourth grain over one we have a grain on the top grain on the bottom so those cancel when we're left with milligrams then we just do the math so 64.8 times one-fourth is 16.2 milligrams or we can do this by setting up equivalent fractions cross multiplying then dividing to solve for x so 64.8 milligrams per 1 grain equals x milligrams per 1 4 grain 64.8 times 1 4 is 16.2 then divided by 1 equals 16.2 milligrams number 43 a 135 pound patient is to be given ceftriaxone 50 milligrams per kilogram per day every 12 hours what is the strength of one single dose a 1 gram b 1.5 gram c 2 grams or d 2.5 grams and the answer is b 1.5 grams and for weight-based dosage calculations we first need to convert the patient's weight to specified units in the dose so it's usually going to be kilograms so one kilogram equals 2.2 pounds so basically we're going to divide our pound weight by 2.2 so there's one kilogram per 2.2 pounds times 135 pounds over one um pounds cancel on the from on the top and on the bottom we're left with kilograms so we divide 135 by 2.2 that gives us 61.4 kilograms so that's the patient's weight in kilograms that's the first step now we're going to calculate the total daily dose so they're getting 50 milligrams per gil per kilogram per day so 50 milligrams per 1 kilogram times 61.4 kilograms that's their weight over one so we have milligrams on the top that's what we're looking for is their total daily dose of milligrams we have a kilogram on the top a kilogram on the bottom those cancel we're left with milligrams we do the math 50 times 61.4 gives us 3070 milligrams per day so this is asking what's the strength of one single dose they're taking that much per day but it's every 12 hours so um every 12 hours that will they're 24 hours in a day divided by 12 so that would be two doses per day so if their total daily dose is three thousand seventy milligrams per day divide that by two and that gives us one thousand five hundred and thirty five milligrams per dose well our answers are in grams so we know there's one thousand milligrams per 1 gram so 1 gram per 1 000 milligrams times 1 535 milligrams we're left with grams on the top milligram cancels there's one on the bottom one on the top so those cancel so 1535 divided by 1000 equals 1.535 grams or 1.5 grams to round so it's 1.5 grams per dose number 44 which drug is classified as an ace inhibitor a atenolol b glyposide c enalopril or d rosuvastatin and the answer is c enalopril is an ace inhibitor and the ace inhibitors that stands for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors they're for high blood pressure and heart failure so they have the preel suffix so there's printaville which is uh lysenapril vasotac which is enalopril just some examples the beta blockers are for high blood pressure and irregular heartbeat and they have the olaf suffix so to norman which is atenolol and low pressure which is metoprolol those are examples of beta blockers um glyphozide is a sulfonylurea for diabetes so its brand name is glucotrol and amaryl or glomephoride is another sulfonylurea the hmg-coa reductase inhibitors are the statins for high cholesterol so they have the statin suffix so for example lipitor is the torvastatin zocor is simvastatin and crestor is rosuvastatin number 45 how many milligrams of active ingredient are in five milliliters of amoxicillin 8 suspension a 40 milligrams b 80 milligrams c 250 milligrams or d 400 milligrams and the answer is d 400 milligrams so concentration as a percentage equals grams of drug per 100 milliliters of product eight percent means there are eight grams of drug per 100 milliliters so we'll go ahead and convert that to milligrams since we're looking for milligrams so eight grams per 100 milliliters times 1 000 milligrams per 1 gram that equals 80 milligrams per 1 milliliter so we're looking for how much active ingredient is in 5 milliliters so 80 milligrams per 1 milliliter times 5 milliliters over 1. we have a milliliter on the top miller on the bottom so those cancel we're left with milligrams so 80 times 5 is 400 milligrams number 46 which drug is an h1 antagonist a famotidine b cetirizine c methylprednisolone or d monty leucist and the answer is b cetirazine brand name a zyrtec is an h1 antagonist and these are known as antihistamines also called h1 blockers and famotidine that brand name is pepsid it's an h2 blocker used for heartburn methylprednisolone its brand name is medrol it's a steroid used for allergies and various inflammations monty lucas its brand name is singulair and it's a leukotriene inhibitor for allergies and asthma number 47 if ns is to be infused at 100 milliliters per hour for 12 hours what is the total volume of fluid needed a 1.2 liters b 2.4 liters c 12 liters or d 24 liters an answer is a 1.2 liters we're looking for the volume of fluid needed here and we're going to do that in liters so we're going to set up fractions that cancel like units then multiply the fractions so if we have 100 milliliters per hour times 12 hours over one with milliliters on the top um an hour on the top hour and the bottom so hours cancel 100 times 12 is 1200 milliliters so now we need to convert that to liters because our answer choices are in liters so there's one liter per 1000 milliliters times 1200 milliliters liters is left on the top we have a milliliter on the top milliliter on the bottom so those cancel 1200 divided by 1000 equals 1.2 liters number 48 which of the following is not true regarding laminar flow hoods a laminar flow hoods provide clean air for iv product preparation b the most important part of a laminar flow hood is the high efficiency filter c laminar flow hoods should be turned off when not in use or d laminar flow hoods provide a constant flow of air out of the work area and the answer is c laminar flow hoods should be turned off when not in use that is what is not true of all these statements a laminar flow hood should not be turned off it should remain on 24 hours a day if turned off for any reason it should be on for at least 30 minutes and the work surface cleaned thoroughly with alcohol before use and this should be done in a side to side pattern from the back of the hood going forward never spray anything into the back of the hood where the high efficiency hepa filter is located number 49 which of the following acts led to most states requiring the offer of patient counseling a csa b hipaa c obra or d pppa and the answer is c obra obra stands for omnibus budget reconciliation act it established a federal requirement to offer prescription medication counseling to medicaid patients by a pharmacist csa is the controlled substance act it developed the five schedules one two three four and five and it regulates production distribution and marketing of substances with medical use but also abuse and dependency potential and it's enforced by the dea the drug enforcement administration hipaa stands for the health insurance portability and accountability act it restricts access to private medical information and it protects and assures patient confidentiality pppa that stands for the poison prevention packaging act this requires child resistant packaging of drug products and including the safety caps on prescription bottles number 50 which of the following medications is an antiviral a fluconazole b a cyclovir c azithromycin or d cephalexin and the answer is b a cyclovir is an antiviral you can see it ends with the suffix veer that's how the antivirals are they end with the suffix veer and acyclovir's brand name is zovarax fluconazole its brand name is diflucan and it ends with the azole suffix that means it's an antifungal um azithromycin its brand name is zithromax and it's a macrolide antibiotic cephalexan its brand name is keflax and it's a cephalosporin antibiotic number 51 how many grams of dextrose does a 250 ml bag of d5w contain a 2.5 grams b 5 grams c 10 grams or d 12.5 grams and the answer is d 12.5 grams d5w is dextrose 5 solution so this means there are 5 grams of dextrose per 100 milliliters of sterile water so to solve how much is in 250 milliliters we'll need to set up equivalent fractions cross multiply and divide to solve for x so there are five grams per 100 milliliters we'll set that equal to x grams per 250 milliliters so now we'll cross multiply 5 times 250 is 1250 and then divide to solve for x divided by 100 equals 12.5 grams number 52 a patient calls the pharmacy and wants to know how a new medication should be taken what should the technician do a tell the patient to look it up b look up the info for the patient c transfer the call to a pharmacist or d transfer the call to a cpht and the answer is c transfer the call to a pharmacist only a pharmacist may counsel patients regarding medication questions that are beyond basic knowledge basic knowledge questions that a technician may answer include information printed on the label of a patient's medication bottle if unsure about whether a question is considered basic knowledge a pharmacy technician should always consult with a pharmacist before answering the question number 53 the ndc for a 500 count bottle of cephalexam 500 milligram capsules made by teva is 0093314705 what does the 0093 mean a package size b drug strength c product or d manufacturer and the answer is d manufacturer ndc stands for national drug code remember that's a unique 10 digit three part number used to identify drug products and the first part of the code is the labeler code and that is the manufacturer of the product and the middle number it's is the specific drug strength and dosage form it's known as the product code and the last number is the package code this indicates the amount in the package so our ndc of 0093 the first part that indicates that it's teva manufactured by tiva the middle number 3147 that indicates that it's cephalexin 500 milligram capsules and the zero five means that it's a 500 count bottle number 54 what is the correct sig code for the following directions take one capsule by mouth every eight hours as needed a icap tid cf b icap qid prn c icap q8h prn or d i cap q8hcf and the answer is c i cap q8h prn so we'll just go through what each of these sid codes means icap tidcf that means one capsule three times a day with food i cap qid prn that's one capsule four times a day as needed i cap q8h prn that's one capsule every eight hours as needed and i cap q8hcf that would be one capsule every eight hours with food number 55 which of the following practices reduces the risk of dispensing errors in the pharmacy a storing lassa drugs near each other b avoiding tommy and lettering c ignoring ndc numbers or d staying focused on the task at hand and the answer is d staying focused on the task at hand reduces the risk of dispensing errors in the pharmacy dispensing errors can be reduced by staying focused on the task at hand minimizing distractions and interruptions keeping the work area organized and maintaining good workflow storing lassi drugs that stands for look-alike sound-a-like drugs away from each other by using tallman lettering this is capital letters used for the similar parts of a drug drug names for example hydroxyzine and hydralazine those drugs are only different by three letters so the letters that the distinguish them are are made capital for hydroxyzine the oxy is in capital letters and for hydralazine the ala would be in capital letters another way dispensing errors can be reduced is by matching ndc numbers of the prescription order and the stock bottle to assure correct drug is retrieved remember the middle numbers of the ndc indicate the drug strength and dosage form so that's just another extra check number 56 what type of tip is used for a syringe to securely connect a needle a slip tip b lurlock c eccentric or d disposable and the answer is b lure lock blur lock that is a secure screw type connection that's twisted on and locked into place on the syringe a slip tip is a push on connection an eccentric tip is an off center tip used for injections close to the skin and disposable just mean that means that it's a syringe that would be thrown away after use number 57 okay there's the prescriptions for amoxil 400 milligram per 5 ml i t s p p o b i d times 7 d dispense q s n r what is the volume needed to fill the prescription a 50 milliliter bottle b 75 milliliter bottle c 100 milliliter bottle or d 150 milliliter bottle and the answer is b 75 milliliter bottle so to interpret this prescription um i tsp that means one teaspoon full po is by mouth vid is two times a day times seven d for seven days qs is quantity sufficient and nr means no refills so the directions are one teaspoon full by mouth two times a day for seven days so one teaspoon full equals five milliliters so that will be five milliliters vid which is twice a day so five mls times two equals 10 milliliters per day so the patient will be receiving a total of 10 milliliters per day and that's going to be for seven days so the amount used in one day times the number of days 10 milliliters times 7 equals 70 milliliters so we'll need 70 milliliters for this prescription so a 75 milliliter bottle is what we'll dispense and there will be five milliliters remaining and you can instruct the patient to discard the extra after the seven day course number 58 which needle size has the smallest diameter a 26 gauge b 22 gauge c 19 gauge or d 17 gauge and the answer is a 26 gauge needle has the smallest diameter of these listed so the larger the gauge number the smaller the needle diameter number 59 what size bottle is needed to dispense 200 milliliters of liquid a 2 ounce b 4 ounce c 6 ounce or d 8 ounce and the answer is d 8 ounce there are 30 milliliters in one ounce so one ounce per 30 milliliters equals x ounces per 200 milliliters um 200 times 1 equals 200 then divided by 30 equals 6.7 ounces so the six ounce bottle was close but that's too small so we'll do the eight ounce bottle eight ounces eight times thirty is 240 milliliters so 200 milliliters would fit in a 240 milliliter bottle number sixty you receive an rx for ceftanier 150 milligram per 5 ml suspension 4 ounces the product is available in 125 milligrams per 5 ml and 250 milligrams per 5 ml how much of each strength is needed a 96 milliliters of 250 per 5 24 milliliters of 125 per 5 b 24 milliliters of 250 per 5 and 96 milliliters of 125 per 5 c 55 milliliters of 250 per 5 65 milliliters of 125 per 5 or d 65 milliliters of 250 per 5 55 milliliters of 125 per 5. and the answer is b 24 milliliters of 250 per 5 and 96 milliliters of 125 per 5. so we need to recognize that this is an allegation problem so we have two concentrations giving and we're looking for a different one that falls in between those concentration amounts so to solve we can use the ratio method or the tic-tac-toe method so we'll look at both first we'll look at the ratio method so with the ratio method we're going to identify the high concentration the low concentration and the desired concentration the high concentration is 250 the low concentration is 125 and the desired concentration is 150 so now we're going to subtract to get the ratio of hc to lc so if we take dc minus lc that gives us the hc ratio value so 150 minus 125 equals 25 then if we take hc minus dc that gives us the low concentration ratio value so 250 minus 150 is 100. if we add those ratios together or the ratio it would be of hc to lc it's 25 to 100. so we add those together 25 plus 100 gives 125 that is the total parts so now to determine the amount of the high concentration we take our high concentration ratio value 25 divided by the total parts 125 times the amount needed which is 4 ounces so times 4 and that gives us 0.8 so we'll need 0.8 ounces of the 250 per 5. the low concentration we do the same thing except with its ratio so 100 divided by 125 times the amount needed for that gives us 3.2 ounces of 125 per 5. so the answer choices are in milliliters so we'll need to convert our ounces to milliliters so we have 30 milliliters per 1 ounce times 0.8 ounces we're left with milliliters on the top ounces on the top ounces on the bottom those cancel that gives us 24 milliliters of 250 per 5 and then to convert the other one 30 milliliters per 1 ounce times 3.2 ounces 30 times 3.2 is 96 milliliters of the 125 per 5. now we'll look at the tic-tac-toe method before we do the tic-tac-toe method we're going to go ahead and convert our four ounces into milliliters since our answers are in milliliters and you could have done this originally for the ratio method as well but that's probably an easier way to go about doing this so there are 30 milliliters in one ounce so 30 times 4 is 120 milliliters so 120 milliliters is our quantity we're going to need so with the tic-tac-toe method we're going to take our tic-tac-toe grid and in the top left will be the high concentration the middle will be the desired concentration and the bottom left will be the low low concentration now we're diagonally we're going to take the difference between those so the difference between the low concentration and desired concentration we put that in the top right and the difference in the high concentration of desired concentration we put that in the bottom right then we add that column to get our total parts and then from there we'll make our fractions so that the hc part over the total parts times the quantity needed will be the amount of the high concentration needed and then our low qua low concentration fraction and we'll take our low concentration parts over the total parts and multiply that by the quantity needed to give us the amount of low concentration needed okay now we'll put our numbers in so on the top left we'll put our high concentration 250 in the very center is our desired concentration 150 and our low concentration is in the bottom left 125. now we'll take the difference diagonally so the difference between 125 and 150 is 25 we'll put that in the top right the difference between 250 and 150 is 100 we'll put that in the bottom right now we'll add that column 25 plus 100 and that gives us our 125 total parts so now we'll just do our high concentration fraction it's 25 parts out of the total 125 times 120 milliliters that's the amount we need that equals 24 milliliters of the high concentration of the 250 per 5. and now we'll do the same thing with our low concentration we have 100 per 125 times 120 milliliters that equals 96 so be 96 milliliters of the low concentration the 125 per 5. number 61 for a dea schedule 3 medication what is the maximum number of refills allowed a no refill allowed b 5 refills allowed in one year c five refills allowed in six months or d six refills allowed in six months and the answer is c five refills are allowed in six months for a dea schedule 3. um schedule 3 4 and 5 prescriptions are valid for 6 months from the date written with a maximum of 5 refills remember schedule 2 prescriptions cannot have any refills number 62 what size bottle of eye drops is needed for the following rx tobor decks 2 gtts ou q6h times 5d qsnr a 2.5 milliliters b 5 milliliters c 10 milliliters or d 15 milliliters and the answer is b five milliliters so our sig code here um two gtts ou that means two drops in each eye h times five d would be every six hours for five days so if we have two drops we'll take two in each eye so there are two eyes so two times two every six hours that would be four times a day 24 divided by six is four so that would be four times a day so times four and then for five days times five days so two times two times four times five equals 80 drops total so there are 20 drops in one milliliter so there's one milliliter per 20 drops times 80 drops that's the total amount we'll need divided by one so we have a milliliter left on the top we have a drops on the top drops on the bottom those cancel so 1 times 80 is 80 divided by 20 times 1. so 80 divided by 20 gives us 4 milliliters so the 2.5 milliliter bottle would not be enough so we'll choose the 5 milliliter size number 63 which solution strength is the most concentrated a one to one b one to ten c one to one hundred or d one to a thousand and the answer is a one-to-one solution would be the most concentrated of these here ratio strength describes a drug concentration in terms of a ratio so the ratio strength concentration formula is grams to milliliters so one to one means there's one gram of drug in one milliliter of solution so that would be the most concentrated strength compared to the least concentrated one to one thousand would mean there's one gram of drug in one thousand milliliters which is one liter of solution so you can see how that's much less drug per amount of liquid number 64 how many capsules are needed to fill this prescription amoxicillin 500 milligram 1tid times 7d a 7 b 14 c 21 or d 28 the answer is c 21 one t i d times seven d that means one capsule three times a day for seven days so one times three that would be three capsules each day it's going to be the total amount for each day for seven days so three times seven and that gives us 21 capsules needed number 65 a pharmacy has a solution in stock with a concentration of one to two hundred how many milliliters will be needed to make 150 milliliters of solution that is one to one thousand a ten milliliters b twenty milliliters c thirty milliliters or d forty milliliters and the answer is c 30 milliliters so the ratio strength concentration formula is grams to milliliters so we would need a solution that's one gram to one thousand milliliters will be our concentration so first we're going to set up equivalent fractions cross multiply then divide to obtain the drug amount needed so first we're going to work with this one to 1000 concentration so one gram per 1000 milliliters equals x grams per 150 milliliters if we cross multiply divide to solve um we have 150 times one is 150 divided by 1000 so that equals 0.15 grams so that is our total amount of drug needed is the one 0.15 grams now we're going to set up equivalent fractions cross multiply and divide with the concentration in stock so we have one gram per 200 milliliters that's our concentration in stock and we need 0.15 grams per x milliliters so we have 200 times 0.15 that equals 30 then divided by 1 equals 30 milliliters so the total amount of 1 to 200 solution needed to make 150 milliliters of the 1 to 1 000 solution is 30 milliliters that will give us the amount of drug we need in it and then water will be added to get the remaining 120 milliliters so that we would have a total of 150 milliliters of the solution number 66 which of the following routes of administration means to dissolve in the cheek a sublingual b bucal c transdermal or d otic and the answer is b bucal so bugle means to dissolve in the cheek an example would be nicotine gum sublingual it's abbreviated sl that means under the tongue to dissolve something under the tongue and this would be nitroglycerin tablets as an example transdermal means onto the skin this will be example would be patches and otic means ear so ear drops and just some other routes of administration that you may see ophthalmic means i so example would be eye drops intravenous means or iv is abbreviation it means into a vein this would be for like fluid replacement intramuscular or im that means into a muscle many vaccines are administered this way and subcutaneous that's sq or sc that means under the skin an insulin is a product that is administered subcutaneously 67 which of the following is an nti medication a amoxicillin b prednisone c warfarin or d aspirin and the answer is c warfarin is an nti medication nti stands for narrow therapeutic index nti drugs or medications in which a small difference in dose or blood concentration can lead to serious therapeutic failures and or adverse drug reactions adrs that are life threatening or result in significant disability or incapacity so with an nti drug you have a small change in the drug dose or blood concentration and that can lead to a very significant undesired effect so warfarin its brand name is coumadin is an nti medication it's a vitamin k antagonist blood thinner for the prevention and treatment of blood clots blood tests it's called a ptinr those are needed regularly to see how long it takes for clotting to occur and if the dose is too high it can lead to severe heavy bleeding toxicity treatment consists of skipping warfarin doses and administering vitamin k to reverse the effect i'm just some other nti medications to be aware of digoxin or brand name linoxin phenytoin brand name is dilantin levothyroxine brand name is synthroid carbamazepine brand name is tigertall and phenobarbital and lithium those are some other common narrow therapeutic index medications number 68 a customer asks you what is the best cold medication to take you should a direct the customer to the cold medication owl b tell the customer what has worked for you in the past c ask if the customer has any allergies or d tell the customer that the pharmacist will help them and inform the pharmacist and the answer is d tell the customer that the pharmacist will help them and inform the pharmacist only a pharmacist can make otc recommendations to patients number 69 a pharmacy has amoxicillin 400 milligram per 5 milliliter suspension in stock how many milliliters are needed to give a dose of 500 milligrams a 5 ml b 6.25 ml c 6.5 ml or d7ml and the answer is b 6.25 ml one way to solve this problem is to set up equivalent fractions cross multiply and then divide so our suspension in stock is 400 milligrams per 5 milliliters and we'll set that equal to 500 milligrams over x milliliters 500 milligrams is the dose that we're wanting to know how many milliliters it would take so if we cross multiply 5 times 500 is 2500 and then divide by 400 that gives us 6.25 milliliters so would be 6.25 milliliters would be give a dose of 500 milligrams and something to keep in mind when you're setting up the equivalent fractions be sure that your top units match in the fractions and the bottom units match in the fractions and that's the way it has to be for this to work number 70 the amount remaining that a retail patient must pay after insurance is paid its portion is called a deductible b premium c reimbursement or d copay and the answer is d copay a copay or copayment is the set amount a patient must pay for their prescription or other medical service after the insurance has paid its portion a deductible is the set amount a patient must pay before the insurance begins paying claims premium is the monthly price a patient pays for insurance coverage and reimbursement that's when a patient pays the full retail price and submits the claim to the insurance to be paid back the part covered under the insurance policy number 71 what is the correct temperature range for drug products that require refrigeration a 15 to 30 degrees celsius b 20 to 25 degrees celsius c 36 to 46 degrees fahrenheit or d 68 to 77 degrees fahrenheit and the answer is c 36 to 46 degrees fahrenheit is the correct temperature range for drug products requiring refrigeration and 36 to 46 degrees fahrenheit is equivalent to two to eight degrees celsius so that's the temperature for refrigeration storage of medications 68 to 77 degrees fahrenheit or 20 to 25 degrees celsius that's controlled room temperature storage of medications number 72 rx directions of i i tabs p-o-t-i-d-a-c should have directions that read a take one tablet by mouth four times a day after meals b take two tablets by mouth three times a day after meals c take two tablets by mouth three times a day before meals or d take one tablet by mouth four times a day at bedtime and the answer is c two take two tablets by mouth three times a day before meals so i i means two tabs is tablets po is by mouth tid is three times a day and ac is before meals so i i tabs p-o-t-i-d-a-c means two tablets by mouth three times a day before meals and some other common sig codes are qd that means once every day bid is twice a day tid is three times a day qid is four times a day ac is before meals pc is after meals hs is at bedtime and prn is as needed number 73 what is the total volume needed to fill the following rx keflex 250 milligram per 5 ml 1.5 tsp q6h times 10d a 60 milliliters b 150 milliliters c 300 milliliters or d 350 milliliters and the answer is c 300 milliliters so one teaspoon equals five milliliters so we're having um for 1.5 teaspoons it'd be 5 milliliters per 1 teaspoon times 1.5 teaspoons 5 times 1.5 is 7.5 milliliters per dose so we're having that every 6 hours so that would mean there are 4 doses per day 24 divided by six 24 hours in a day divided by six equals four so four doses per day so seven point five milliliters times four doses per day and it's four ten days so times ten days so seven point five times 4 times 10 equals 300 milliliters number 74 how many teaspoonfuls are in 3 tablespoonfuls a 1 b three c six or d nine and the answer is d nine so one tablespoon equals three teaspoons so if there are three teaspoons per one tablespoon times three tablespoons over one and we leave teaspoons on the top tablespoons on the top and the bottom so those cancel so we're left with three times three and that equals nine so there are nine teaspoonfuls and three tablespoonfuls number 75 which of the following medications must be sold behind the counter a chlorpheniramine b diphenhydramine c pseudoephedrine or d phenylephrine and the answer is c pseudoephedrine or brand name is sudafed that must be sold behind the counter chlorpheniramine its brand name is chloramiton that's over the counter otc diphenhydramine its brand name is benadryl that's also otc and both of those are antihistamines for allergies and phenylephrine its brand name is pseudofed pe and it's also over the counter and the pseudoephedrine or pseudofed and the phenolephrine pseudofab pe those are both decongestants for for nasal congestion the combat methamphetamine epidemic act of 2005 made pseudoephedrine a behind the counter product and placed limitations on the amount of pseudoephedrine that can be purchased so there's a daily purchase limit of 3.6 grams of pseudoephedrine and a monthly purchase limit of 9 grams of pseudoephedrine that's per person and a log book of product sales is also required that includes the product name that's sold the quantity sold the name and address of the purchaser and the date and time of the sale and a photo id is also required to purchase pseudo-fedramp products number 76 which of the following abbreviations indicates a time released medication a ir b dr c e c or d odt and the answer is b d r d r stands for delayed release so that is a type of time release medication ir stands for immediate release so that is not time release that immediately gets into the system ec stands for enteric coded and enterocoated products they protect the stomach odt stands for orally disintegrating tablets these are tablets that would dissolve in the mouth and er stands for extended release that's another type of time release medication number 77 what is the quantity of tablets needed to fill an rx with the following directions 3bid times 2d 3qd times 2d 2bid times 2d 1bid times 2d 1qd times 1d a 24 b 32 c 36 or d40 and the answer is b 32 directions like this are known as a tapered dose and this is commonly seen with steroids such as prednisone or medrol where you start out with several tablets and you gradually taper down so that you don't get side effects so three bid times two d that would be three twice a day for two days so three times 2 times 2 so that would be a total of 12 tablets um for that section of the directions then 3qd times 2d that's 3 once a day for 2 days so three times one times two is six then two b i d times two d that's two twice a day for two days so two times two times two is eight then 1bid times 2d that's 1 twice a day for 2 days that would be 1 times 2 times 2 so that equals 4 and then 1qd times 1d that's 1 once per day for two days so one times one times two that equals two so now if we just add that up that'll give us the total number of tablets that we would need so 12 plus six plus eight plus four plus 2 equals 32 tablets needed number 78 percocet contains a oxycodone and asa b hydrocodone and asa c oxycodone and apap or d hydrocodone and apap and the answer is c and percocet contains oxycodone and apap and asa that means aspirin apap that's an abbreviation for acetaminophen so percocet is oxycodone with acetaminophen norco is hydrocodone with acetaminophen and all hydrocodone and oxycodone products are for pain and are both dea schedule 2 controlled substances number 79 if a pharmacy wants to make a forty percent profit on a product that is four dollars and twenty five cents what should the retail price be a one dollar and seventy cents b four dollars and sixty five cents c dollars and ninety five cents or d eight dollars and twenty five cents and the answer is c five dollars and ninety five cents so to get our retail price we need to add the cost plus the cost times the percent markup so remember percent means per 100 so 40 percent would be 40 per 100 which is 0.4 so if we multiply 0.4 times 4.25 cents that gives us a dollar seventy so a dollar seventy is that forty percent um that needs to be added to it so we had four dollars and 25 cents plus a dollar seventy and that gives us a total of five dollars and ninety five cents number eighty a patient is to receive vancomycin 1 gram iv at a rate of 10 milligrams per minute how long will it take for the patient to receive the full dose a 1 hour and 10 minutes b 1 hour and 20 minutes c 1 hour and 30 minutes or d one hour and forty minutes and the answer is d one hour and forty minutes um so we're wanting to know how long so we're looking for time on this question um in hours and minutes so first we're going to determine the minutes and then we will convert it to hours and minutes so we know that one gram equals 1 000 milligrams if our rate is one minute per ten milligrams and we're wanting time so we have the minutes on the top and then times one thousand milligrams over one we have a milligram on the top milligram on the bottom and those cancel we're left with minutes and that's what we're wanting is time so if we do the math 1 times 1000 is 1000 divided by 10 times 1 is 10 so that gives us 100 minutes so we know that one hour equals 60 minutes so 100 minutes minus 60 minutes equals 40 minutes so our total time is 1 hour and 40 minutes number 81 which term indicates the list of drugs that an insurance company will cover a formulation b formulary c inventory or d awp and the answer is b formulary the formulary is the list of drugs an insurance company will cover it also refers to a predetermined list of drugs for a medical facility that can be prescribed formulation is the specific form of a medicinal preparation such as a tablet ointment or injection inventory is a comprehensive list of the items currently in stock and awp stands for average wholesale price this is a standard used for calculating rx prices number 82 a pharmacy receives an order for 7.5 percent cream 5 and 10 strengths are in stock in what ratio should the creams be mixed to obtain the proper strength a one to one b two to one c one to three or d one to two and the answer is a one to one so first we need to recognize that this is an allegation problem we have two concentrations given and we're looking for a different one that is in between the concentrations in stock so to solve we can use the ratio method or the tic-tac-toe method but with this problem we're only looking for the ratio between the creams that we have so we only need to do it to the point of obtaining a ratio so the ratio needed we're looking for the five percent to ten percent cream that's what we're looking for the ratio of to do the ratio method and we take our high concentration is ten percent low concentration is five percent and desired concentration is seven and a half percent so to get the ratios um to get the high concentration ratio value we take the desired concentration and subtract the low concentration so 7.5 minus 5 equals 2.5 then to get our low concentration ratio we take our high concentration minus our desired concentration so 10 minus 7.5 is 2.5 so our 5 percent to 10 percent our low concentration to high concentration ratio is 2.5 to 2.5 and so that equals a ratio of one to one and now if we look at the tic-tac-toe method with it we have the high concentration in the upper left the desired concentration is in the very center of the tic-tac-toe grid and the low concentration is in the bottom left now we're going to subtract those diagonally get the difference between those diagonally so we the difference in the low concentration and the desired concentration that goes in the top right box then the difference between the high concentration and the desired concentration that goes in the the lower right box then we would add those to get the total parts there and here we won't don't really need our total parts though because we're just doing it to the point of getting the ratio so now we'll put our numbers in we have our high concentration is 10 so it goes in the upper left our desired concentration is 7.5 that goes in the very center and then our low concentration is 5 that goes into the bottom left now we'll find the difference diagonally so the difference between 5 and 7.5 is 2.5 and that is our high concentration fraction and the difference between the 10 and 7.5 that's 2.5 also so that is our low concentration fraction and so that is so that's all we need is just the ratios with one another so that's two and a half to two and a half and that equals a ratio of one to one number 83 what are the ce requirements for cpht recertification a 10 hours of ce every year b 10 hours of ce every two years c 20 hours of ce every year or d 20 hours of ce every two years and the answer is d and 20 hours of ce every two years are required for cpht recertification ptcb cphts are required to renew their certification every two years recertification requires a minimum of 20 hours of ce every two years and must include one hour each in the subjects of pharmacy law and patient safety number 84 which category of drug means medications for pain a antipyretic b analgesic c antitoxin or d anticonvulsant and the answer is b analgesic antitussive those are drugs used to suppress cough antipyretic are drugs used to treat fever analgesics are drugs used to reduce pain and anti-convulsant are drugs used to treat or prevent seizures number 85 which of the following practices demonstrate aseptic technique a the use of a laminar flow air flow hood when preparing parenteral products b wearing sterile gloves while preparing iv medications c cleaning the workbench with alcohol prior to use or d all of the above and the answer is d all of the above aseptic technique refers to the practices and procedures in place to prevent contamination of drugs packaging and equipment by microorganisms during preparation following proper aseptic technique practices when preparing iv products is important for preventing infection to the patient and contamination of the iv medication number 86 if ns is to run 125 ml per hour for 24 hours how many one liter bags will be needed a two bags b three bags c four bags or d five bags the answer is b three bags so this problem can be done by setting up fractions that cancel like units then multiplying the fractions and so we have a rate of 125 milliliters per hour and we're we're looking for the volume needed so we want milliliters on the top and we want to know how many one liter bags will be needed in 24 hours so times 24 hours over one we have an hour on the top an hour on the bottom those cancel we're left with milliliters so if we do the math 125 times 24 gives us 3 000 milliliters and our answers our answer is in liters we want to know how many 1 liter bags so to convert that to liters one liter equals one thousand milliliters so one liter per one thousand milliliters times three thousand milliliters over one we have milliliters on the top milliliters on the bottom those cancel we're left with liters and three thousand divided by one thousand equals three liters so that would be three bags number eighty seven what is the correct sig code for the following directions place one drop in the left eye at bedtime a one gtt ou qpm b one d gtt s c one g t t o s h s or d one g t t a u q p m and the answer is c and place one drop in the left eye bedtime would be one gtt os hs so i is the roman numeral one gtt means drop os is the left eye and hs is at bedtime and some other sid codes to be familiar with ou is both eyes od is right eye o s is left eye a u means both ears a d means the right ear and a s is the left ear hs is at bedtime qpm is every evening qam is every morning qd means once every day bid means twice a day tid means three times a day and qid means four times a day number 88 a laminar flow hood should be cleaned in what direction a side to side b front to back c diagonally or d vertically and the answer is a side to side a laminar flow hood should be cleaned thoroughly with alcohol before use in a side to side pattern from the back of the hood going forward never spray anything into the back of the hood where the high efficiency hepa filter is located number 89 which of the following medications is a vasodilator a atenolol b hydroxyzine c nitroglycerin or d lysinopril and the answer is c nitroglycerin nitroglycerin is a vasodilator for chest pain it's abbreviated ntg the sublingual tablets they are light heat and moisture sensitive and should be dispensed and stored in their original glass container and the brand name for those is nitrostat hydroxyzine is an antihistamine for allergy symptoms and anxiety and its brand names are adorax and vistaril and a look-alike sound-alike drug with hydroxy hydroxyzine is hydralazine and it is a vasodilator for high blood pressure which its brand name is a presolene atenolol is a beta blocker for high blood pressure you can see it has the olaf suffix and its brand name is to norman lysenopril is an ace inhibitor for high blood pressure and has the prel suffix and its brand names are printeville and zestril number 90 if 300 milliliters of sterile water is added to 200 milliliters of a 1 to 100 solution what is the new concentration of the solution a one to two hundred b one to two hundred and fifty c one to four hundred or d one to five hundred and the answer is b one to two hundred and fifty so remember the ratio strength concentration formula is grams to milliliters so one to one hundred means there's one gram to 100 milliliters so we need to find out how much is going to be in 200 milliliters of the 1 to 100 solution so that's what we're going to do first so there's one gram per 100 milliliters equal to x grams per 200 milliliters if we um cross multiply and then divide and we have 200 times 1 divided by 100 equals two so there are two grams of drug in 200 milliliters so now if we add 300 milliliters of water so 200 plus 300 is 500 milliliters so the drug amount is still going to be 2 grams we've just increased the the water amount so our new concentration is 2 grams per 500 milliliters so our if we can we reduce that and we can divide both by two so that leaves us with a concentration of one to two hundred and fifty thanks for watching please like and share this video with others who may find it helpful and please subscribe to see more of my pharmacy learning videos and if you would like to support this channel with a donation press the heart thanks button to give me a super thanks thanks i really appreciate it