Overview
This lecture covers physical security controls for buildings, including barriers, access controls, monitoring systems, locking mechanisms, personnel, identification, and perimeter security.
Barriers and Barricades
- Barricades or bollards are barriers (steel, concrete) to prevent vehicle access in pedestrian areas.
- Barriers help channel people through specific entry points while blocking larger vehicles.
- Natural barriers like moats or canals may also be used around buildings for security.
Access Control Vestibules
- An access control vestibule is a secured entry chamber between the outside and inside of a building.
- Vestibules may lock all doors when one is opened, allowing controlled entry of one group at a time.
- Access is typically managed by security personnel checking identification and access badges.
Electronic Access Control
- Access cards, often using RFID or NFC technology, are used instead of physical keys.
- Access card readers may also be used for timekeeping or security team rounds.
- Inside access cards is an RFID chip and antenna enabling contactless access.
Video Monitoring and Alarms
- CCTV (closed circuit television) allows remote surveillance of building areas.
- Modern cameras can recognize vehicles, read license plates, and detect motion, often with infrared for night vision.
- Door, window, or fence sensors provide alerts for unauthorized access or motion, sometimes with duress buttons for emergencies.
Locks and Authentication
- Common door locks include conventional keys, electronic PIN locks, RFID-based token locks, and biometric systems (fingerprint, handprint, retina).
- High-security areas may use multi-factor authentication for access.
- Data center racks are locked to restrict access and may feature airflow holes for cooling.
Security Personnel and Identification
- Security guards may manage reception areas, verify identification, and patrol premises.
- Employees and visitors are typically required to wear ID badges; visitors may receive temporary badges.
- Pre-registration and access lists help control and audit building entry.
Perimeter Security
- Fences, either transparent or opaque, are used to secure the building perimeter.
- Fences are typically tall, made of heavy metal, and sometimes topped with razor wire to deter unauthorized access.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Bollard — A sturdy post or barrier to prevent vehicle access.
- Access Control Vestibule — An intermediate locked area for verifying identity before entering a secure space.
- RFID — Radio Frequency Identification, wireless tech used in access cards.
- CCTV — Closed Circuit Television, used for security video monitoring.
- Duress Button — An emergency button that triggers an alarm under threat.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review building-specific access protocols and barrier types.
- Ensure proper use and display of ID badges.
- Familiarize with emergency and duress procedures.