Understanding the U.S. Government Power Structure

Introduction

• The U.S. President is often associated with power, but he shares power with other parts of the government.
• The Founding Fathers created a government without a king, emphasizing a fair national government that protects personal freedoms.
• The U.S. Constitution established three branches of government to ensure a balance of power.

Three Branches of Government

Legislative Branch

• Outlined in Article 1 of the Constitution.
• Comprised of the U.S. Congress, which includes:
  • 100 U.S. Senators
  • 435 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives.
• Primary responsibilities:
  • Making laws
  • Approving federal judges and justices
  • Passing the national budget
  • Declaring war
• Representation:
  • Each state has 2 Senators.
  • Number of Representatives depends on state population.

Executive Branch

• Outlined in Article 2 of the Constitution.
• Led by the President and Vice President.
• Responsible for enforcing laws set by Congress.
• Works with the Cabinet, a group of appointed advisors.
• Additional responsibilities:
  • Appointing government officials
  • Commanding the armed forces
  • Meeting with international leaders
• Employs over 4 million people.

Judicial Branch

• Outlined in Article 3 of the Constitution.
• Composed of all federal courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court.
• Responsibilities:
  • Interpreting the laws
  • Punishing lawbreakers
  • Settling disputes among states
  • Hearing appeals from state and federal courts
  • Determining constitutionality of federal laws
• Features 9 Supreme Court Justices appointed for life.

Importance of Civic Engagement

• Democracy relies on informed citizens.
• Understanding the branches of government helps citizens engage effectively.
• Citizens can participate by:
  • Voting
  • Serving on juries
  • Testifying in court
  • Petitioning Congress members

Conclusion

• Knowing how the government branches function and collaborate is key to being an informed citizen and participating in democracy.