Anatomy of the Urinary System

Overview

• The urinary system filters blood and creates urine as a waste by-product.
• Main organs: Kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra.

Functions of the Urinary System

• Filters blood to remove waste.
• Regulates chemicals like potassium and sodium and maintains water balance.
• Produces urine from urea, water, and other waste products.

Kidneys

• Location: Below the ribs, middle of the back.
• Functions:
  • Remove waste products and drugs.
  • Balance body fluids.
  • Release hormones for blood pressure regulation.
  • Control red blood cell production.
  • Regulate acid-base balance and conserve fluids.
• Structure involves nephrons (glomerulus and renal tubule).

Ureters

• Function: Carry urine from kidneys to the bladder.
• Movement: Muscles in walls tighten and relax to move urine to the bladder.

Bladder

• Location: Lower abdomen.
• Structure: Triangle-shaped, hollow organ.
• Function: Stores urine and releases it via the urethra.
• Can store up to two cups of urine for 2-5 hours.

Sphincter Muscles

• Function: Prevent urine leakage by closing tightly around bladder opening.

Nerves in the Bladder

• Role: Alert when to urinate.

Urethra

• Function: Allows urine to pass outside the body.

Facts about Urine

• Healthy urine: Pale straw or transparent yellow.
• Darker urine indicates dehydration or possible liver issues.
• Pink/red urine may indicate blood presence.

Related Medical Specialties and Facilities

• Specialties: Gynecology, Obstetrics, Women's Health.
• Treatment Centers: Howard County Medical Center, Sibley Memorial Hospital, Suburban Hospital.

Additional Information

• Importance of research in medical advancements and treatment development.

Contact and Support

• Various contact numbers provided for Maryland, outside Maryland, and internationally.
• Language assistance available in multiple languages including Spanish, French, and Chinese.