[Music] hello everyone and welcome to another anatomy video after we talk in general about the cervical vertebra in this video we will focus more on the first cervical vertebra or what's called the atlas so let's get started so now let's talk about the first cervical vertebra or called the atlas here we have the atlas of the horse the first thing we have to say here is that the atlas has its own specific shape and doesn't look like the topical cervical vertebra the first things we have to mention here in the cardinal view we can see that there is no body here there is no body the atlas doesn't have body so there are two lateral masses here and there here and there lateral masses these two masses are connected dorsally by the dorsal arch and ventrally by the ventral arch they form all together what's called the vertebral foramen the vertebral foramen if we move to the dorsal view one more time you can see that on the dorsal arch here we have the dorsal berkeley the doors are to parkour it's very clear and developed here in the horse well on the ventral arch we have the ventral tubercle we have the ventral tubercle of the atlas here let's move to the doors view again we can find that the transfers process is modified somehow and they form naturally here what's called the wings of the atlas so this is the wings of the atlas the wing of the atlas in the horse here is called eventually directed cardo ventrally directed and they form ventrally as you can hear see here this fossa left and right this is the atlantic fossa the atlantic fossa if we move to the cranial view let's put it just like this or yeah this is dorsal this is dorsal and this is ventral let's move it this way here so we are looking at the cranial view of the atlas so this is dorsal service this is ventral dorsal arch and ventral arch so in the cranial view here we can see the cranial articular processes or the cranial service this is the articular service or the articular area or this is the articulation area with the condyles of the occipital bone or occipital condyles left and right here if you look exactly you will find that these cranial services are separated ventrilly by a narrow notch and dorsally by very wide notch here so they are completely separated laterally they are also notched here and there let me just move it like this in the horse they are also notched here and deeply there you can find the rough service on each of them here and there in the horse triangular rough service let's move now yeah as we said before this is the articular service with the occipital condyle of the scalp let's move to the cowden view and the cowden view we can see the articular or the clouded articular processes or the cloud articular services to further articulation with the cranial articular service of the axis of the axis as you can see here in between doors and to the ventral arch here you can also find the smooth service smooth articular service this service called the fovea dentist for via dentist is for the articulation with the ventral service of the dance with the ventral service of the dance here for via dentists for via dentists here for the articulation with the dance there more deeply dorsal to the ventral arch you can see two depressions rough depressions is the attachment of the ligamentum dentist ligamentum dentists which start from the dorsal service of the dance so we describe we will describe the later that on the doors of service of the dance there are also two depressions rough depressions where the ligamentum dentist inserts now let's look at the doors and view of the atlas one more time here we described that this is the wings of the atlas if you look exactly you will find that there are some frames yeah at the base of the wing the caudal frame for humans here and there called the transfers for him this is the transfers for him which opens here into the atlantic fossa cranially here we can find two for foramen the first one if you put something in it you will it go directly to the vertebral canal to the vertebral canal so it looks like this program is located in the lateral wall of the vertebral canal and that's why we will name it as a lateral vertebral foramen would you like to see it this is the lateral vertebral foramen there opens into the vertebral canal we have the same on the other side lateral vertebral frame while the other foramen which go just through the wing of the atlas here and opens to the atlantic fossa this is the alar foreign this is the allah foreign so that means here in this area you can find two for lemons one to the vertebral canal this is the lateral vertebral foramen and the other one to the uh through go through the wing of the atlas and that's why we name it a larva a the name comes from from the latin name of the wing of the atlas so the wing of the atlas called also allah atlantis atlantis foreign atlantis so three for humans uh could be fined here lateral vertebrae for raymond a love for him and the transfers for raymond kelden and now let's uh talk about the um comparative anatomy of different animal species here we have the atlas of the camel this is the atlas of the horse ox sheep dog and cat and let's start by looking into the doors and arch the doors and arch if you remember we say that on the dorsal arch here and the horse we have this door the two particles developed here in the horse while it's less clear it's there but it's less clear in the camel and it's very rough and developed and rounded here in the ox the doors are tubercle while it's also very small and not clear in the dog for example the sheep it's not in this case not like the the ox there is a dorset to berkeley but it's very small now let's look at the for raymond's as we described before in the wing or here on the side we can find three programming of the horse the caudal one is the transverse for raymond here uh toward the vertebral canal we have the lateral vertebrae for him and through the wing of the atlas we have the larframe how uh it's in in the in the camel for example the camel cowardly here we have the transfers for raymond left and right of course uh here um in the in the horse we forgot to tell you that these two forgiveness are somehow connected to each other in this area they are connected to each other in this area so this is the lateral vertebral foramen in the lower foramen connected to each other in this area the same for example here in the ox we have the lateral vertebral foramen and the alar for lemon but they are also connected to each other here this is not the case in the camel in the camel the two foramens are completely separated and in some samples you may find also two openings of the large riemann here in this sample we have two separated foramens one is the lateral vertebral foramen and the other one is the um allah foreign how can we know that which one is the alar which one is the lateral vertebral foramen as i said put something into it so in the allah foreman you cannot go into the vertebral canal as you can see there you can just close the wing of the atlas so that means this is the lower frame the other one is the lateral vertebral foramen where you can end up inside the vertebral cannon so we talked about the horse the camel now let's move to the ox in the ox yes grainier here we have the lateral vertebral foramen the alar foramen the alar foramen they are also connected to each other in this area but if you look cloudly here you cannot find the transverse framing so the transverse foramen of the uh uh atlas is absent in the ox the same for the sheep we have the two cranial foramens but not the transfers for women what about the dog let's make it a little bit clearer here so in the dog we have caudalie that transfers for raymond so we have calvade the transfers for him in left and right cranially you can find just one foramen just one foramen this is the lateral vertebral foramen this is the lateral vertebral foramen here where the lower frame there is no allah forgiven but instead we have this notch here called the lar notch this is the alar notch left and right this is the alar notch left and right a large the same for the cat the same for the cat if you look at the atlas of the cat here we have caudalie the two transfers foramina or foramens there and cranially we have the lateral vertebral foramen but not the raymond instead we have this notch here this is the alar notch a large notch left and right now let's look at the wing of the wings of the atlas as we said before in the horse is a a thin cause of ventral directed um while in the ox for example is thicker more transfers and caudally it forms like two tuberosities two to browse it is square counting what about the uh camel the camel is more it's not that you know extends laterally the lateral rim or the lateral side is sharp is sharp and ends also cowardly with the small projection let's move to the yeah this is the sheep and the sheep the cow the porosity of the wings of the atlas are very developed and clear let's move to the horse to the horse again this is the cranial extremities and this is the cloud external cleaning surface and clouded service here look at the wings of the atlas the wings of the atlas in the dog are flat or flat or centrally and horizontal and they look like a butterfly like a butterfly on each side here the scene for the cat look very flat hard central and looks like a butterfly this is the wings of the atlas of the cat and dog [Music] now let's move to the ventral surface and look at the ventral arch so in this case we can find in the horse as we described before the ventral tubercle ventral tubercle which is uh very developed here in the horse and specifically in the ox is very rough developed and rounded here the ventra to purple that the dental tubercle is absent in the camel there's no ventral tubercle in the camel in the dog it's a small small and cowardly oriented and here in the in the dog comparing to other animals as you can see you can see that the ventral arch is very narrow is very narrow comparing to that one for example of the sorry let's go to the same service here ventral service so the ventral arch is longer in the sheep comparing to that one of the dog comparing to that one of the dog the atlantic fossa is very clear in all animals more developed or clear in the horse but not in the carnivores not in the carnivores why as we described before the transfers processes which are represented here by the wings of the atlas are flat and horizontal and that's why the fossa atlantic uh atlanta is is not that developed it's very deep in the horse and the ox for example it's less steep and or more flat in the [Music] camel you