Overview
This lecture explains an effective method for retaining and understanding reading material by using a structured approach to writing margin notes, called marginalia, and emphasizes the importance of engaging with the meaning of the text.
The Problem with Passive Reading
- Passive reading (just passing your eyes over words) leads to poor retention and understanding.
- Reading should involve actively thinking through the ideas presented in the text.
The Marginalia Procedure for Active Reading
- After each paragraph, write a one-sentence summary in the margin.
- For the third paragraph onward, write two sentences: one summarizing all previous paragraphs, and one summarizing the current paragraph.
- This forces you to synthesize and connect ideas throughout the text.
- Reviewing margin summaries later makes studying and review much faster and more effective.
Benefits of This Method
- Active summarizing leads to deeper understanding and long-term retention.
- The process is efficient over a semester, saving time by reducing the need to cram at the end.
- Consistent use improves study speed and academic performance.
The Pitfalls of Speed Reading
- Speed reading techniques (like reading in patterns or skimming pages) have been tested and found ineffective for comprehension and retention.
- Scientific studies, including those funded by NASA, show speed reading doesn't improve understanding.
Example: Definition of Economics
- Economics is defined as "the study of the allocation of scarce resources."
- Understanding requires thinking through real-world examples (e.g., money, sand) and applying the definition.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Semantic content — the meaning of the words and ideas in a text.
- Marginalia — notes written in the margins of a printed text.
- Scarce resources — resources that are limited in availability and not infinite.
- Economics — the study of the allocation of scarce resources.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice the marginalia method on your next assigned reading.
- Prepare for the next lecture, which will focus on how to take notes.