Comparison of Ancient Egyptian and Greek Art and Architecture

Ancient Egyptian Art

• FAPA: 3000 years of unchanged art style
• Depiction of human form remained constant
• Egyptian gods: human, animal, or composite forms

Ancient Greek Art

• FAPA: Rapid advancement in depiction of the human form
• Greek gods depicted in human form
• Cultural significance of athletics and the Olympics
• Emphasis on the human form in both religious and societal contexts

Geometric Greek Style Sculpture

• Example: Geometric Greek style marble sculpture
• Technique: Marble sculpture
• Purpose: Grave marker
• Issues with terra cotta markers (fragility)
• Kouros figures:
  • Often transported, named after find spots (e.g., Ausair)
  • Female figures dressed, male figures typically nude
  • Originally brightly painted using encaustic technique (pigment in hot wax)
  • Rigid, frontal, highly stylized

Key Points in Greek Sculpture

• Greek sculptures were brightly painted (important for historical accuracy)
• Founding fathers of the United States modeled democracy and architecture on Greek examples, often misinterpreted
• Greek temples were originally brightly painted, not white

Evolution of Greek Sculpture

• 600 BCE: Rigid, frontal, stylized forms
• 530-480 BCE: Continued evolution in realism and depiction
• Rapid changes over a few hundred years

Greek Architecture

• Influence of the Megaron from the Aegean world
• Key components and layout of Greek buildings
  • Focus on pediment, columns, and interior layout
  • Importance of architectural plans and views

Types of Greek Column Capitals

• Doric: Simple, associated with mainland Greeks (D is for dull)
• Ionic: Spiral design, associated with seafaring Ionians
• Corinthian: Plant-like design, depicting acanthus leaves

Structural Elements

• Colonnade: Structure surrounded by columns
• Frieze Band: Decorative band with alternating metopes and triglyphs in Doric order
• Artistic placement in pediment and frieze

Summary

• Understand the main differences between Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders
• Recognize the placement of artistic elements in Greek architecture
• Appreciate the historical context and evolution of Greek art and architecture
• Acknowledge the influence of Greek art and architecture on modern Western culture