Notes on "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" by Thomas Hardy

General Overview

Initial Situation:
- Tess Durbeyfield is from a poor family.
- Her father, John Durbeyfield, discovers he is a descendant of the noble d'Urberville family.
- John sends Tess to work for the d'Urbervilles, hoping for wealth and status.
Conflict with Alec d'Urberville:
- Tess is seduced by Alec, the son of the d'Urberville family.
- Their relationship is tense; Tess initially resists but ultimately succumbs.
- Alec becomes abusive and controlling, leading to Tess's regret.
- Tess becomes pregnant and returns home after the incident.
Aftermath of Pregnancy:
- Tess gives birth to a son, who dies shortly after.
- Overwhelmed by grief, she seeks a new life and finds work as a dairymaid.
Meeting Angel Clare:
- Tess meets Angel Clare, who is studying to become a minister.
- They fall in love and marry.
- Tess confesses her past, and Angel cannot forgive her, leading to tragedy.

Social and Economic Realities:
- Hardy highlights the injustices of Victorian society, particularly regarding class and gender.
- Tess navigates societal expectations that prioritize wealth and status.
Individual Desire vs. Societal Norms:
- Tess struggles to balance her own desires with societal pressures, leading to conflict and tragedy.
Fate and Determinism:
- The novel suggests that Tess's tragic fate is predetermined by uncontrollable factors.
- Raises questions about morality and societal standards.

Imagery and Detail:
- Hardy's writing includes rich descriptions of the English countryside.
- Creates an immersive reading experience.

"Tess of the d'Urbervilles" serves as a complex portrait of a young woman facing societal challenges and personal tragedy.
The novel remains a powerful exploration of moral and social issues in Victorian England.