Grade 11 Cellular Respiration Lecture Notes

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

• Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic processes within cells.
• Converts energy from food into ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
• Two types:
  • Aerobic Respiration: Requires oxygen, produces more ATP.
  • Anaerobic Respiration: Does not require oxygen, produces less ATP.

Importance of Energy

• Energy from cellular respiration is used for:
  • Growth
  • Cell division
  • Movement
  • Transport of substances
  • Active transport

Types of Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration:
  • Occurs in the presence of oxygen.
  • Stages include Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain.
  • Produces ATP, CO2, and water.
• Anaerobic Respiration:
  • Occurs without oxygen.
  • Types include Lactic Acid Fermentation and Alcoholic Fermentation.
  • Produces less ATP.

Aerobic Respiration Stages

1. Glycolysis
   • Breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm.
   • Produces: 2 pyruvic acid, 4 ATP, 2 NADH.
2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
   • Occurs in mitochondria.
   • Breakdown of pyruvic acid to energy-rich hydrogens, CO2.
   • Produces: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 CO2.
3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
   • Occurs in mitochondria.
   • Converts energy-rich hydrogens into ATP.
   • Produces water using depleted hydrogens and oxygen.

Anaerobic Respiration/Fermentation

• Alcoholic Fermentation:
  • Occurs in non-human organisms.
  • Used to produce alcoholic beverages.
• Lactic Acid Fermentation:
  • Occurs in human muscles during rapid exercise.

Industrial Uses of Anaerobic Respiration

• Yeast fermentation for alcoholic beverages and baking.

ATP Production Summary

• Glycolysis: 2 net ATP
• Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP
• Electron Transport Chain: 32-34 ATP

Important Equations and Concepts

• Overall Aerobic Respiration Equation:
  • Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
• Fermentation in Yeast:
  • Glucose → 2 Ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP + Heat

Classroom Activity Questions

• Identify where each stage of cellular respiration occurs.
• Calculate the net ATP production in each stage.
• Discuss what happens if enzymes in the process are missing or defective.

References

• Durana, Y. (2011). Cellular respiration. SlideShare.
• Hugo, M.J. (2016). Cellular Respiration. SlideShare.
• Romero, C.C. (2010). Cellular respiration equation. Pearson Education.