Politics of Planned Development - Class 12th Political Science 📚

Introduction

Focus: Chapter 3 deals with economic development and the well-being of society in the context of planned development.
Previous Chapters:
- Chapter 1: Unity and Diversity.
- Chapter 2: Challenges to Established Democracy.
Objective: Understand the politics of economic development.

Resources: Odisha has large reserves of iron ore.
Government Plan: Odisha government aims to capitalize on the high demand for iron ore by signing MoUs with various steel companies, expecting significant economic benefits and employment opportunities.
Different Impacts:
- Tribal Population: Fear of displacement from homes and livelihoods.
- Environmentalists: Concern about environmental degradation and pollution.
- Central Government: Promotes industrialization for national development and economic benefits despite local opposition.
Conclusion: Decisions for development impact different social groups differently, reflecting diverse opinions and political contestation.

Democracy: Major decisions should be approved by the people or their representatives.
Political Decision-Making: Representatives in touch with people's feelings take decisions on their behalf.
Post-Independence Agreement: Development should encompass both economic growth and social justice through equitable distribution of resources.

Leftist: Supports government's active role in ensuring social welfare and helping the poor.
Rightist: Believes in free market forces with minimal government interference.

Traditional View: Becoming more modern and industrial like Western countries.
Modernization: Associated with material progress and scientific rationality.
Choices After Independence: India had to choose between the liberal capitalist model (US) and socialist model (USSR).

Goals: Poverty alleviation, unemployment reduction, and economic development.
Debate: Focus on industrialization vs. agricultural development.

Consensus: Development can't be left to private actors; government needs to design and plan development.
Bombay Plan (1944): Proposed setting up a planned economy with major government initiatives.

Established: March 1950 by Government of India.
Function: Advisory to the government, recommendations need Union Cabinet approval.
Goals: Equitable resource distribution to ensure comprehensive development.

Reason: Planning Commission became irrelevant with new economic challenges.
Established: January 1, 2015, replacing Planning Commission.
Function: Provides technical advice at central and state levels, acts as a think tank.
Leadership: Prime Minister as ex-officio chairperson and vice-chairperson appointed by PM.
Current Vice-Chairperson: Suman Bery.

Objective: To outline income and expenditure for the next five years aimed at overall development.
Types of Budgets:
- Non-Plan Budget: Annual routine expenditures.
- Plan Budget: Long-term expenditures under Five-Year Plans.

Focus: Rapid industrialization, especially heavy industries.
Leadership: P.C. Mahalanobis.
Initiatives: Imposing tariffs to protect domestic industries, significant investments in infrastructure like electricity, railways, steel.

Role: Apex body for decisions on development matters, constituted in 1952.
Members: Prime Minister, Union Cabinet Ministers, and representatives from states and union territories.
Function: Coordinates efforts for Five-Year Plans, mobilizes resources, reviews progress, and suggests necessary changes.

P.C. Mahalanobis: Economist, planner of second Five-Year Plan, supported rapid industrialization and public sector role.

Conclusion: Plan-based development requires balancing varied interests for national progress.
Next Steps: Continue reviewing and adapting plans according to new challenges and opportunities.