foreign from the fire hose y'all uh we're gonna start with medical terminology uh just basically medical terminology allows us to communicate at the level that doctors and nurses and Health Care Professionals communicate at it's a level of specificity that is recognized in the medical community but not absolutely necessary it's just a lot of it is this mental elevation right so we use medical terminology to properly explain what systems hurting what's wrong with the system how patients positioned or use specific words I think a lot of it's in uh originated in Latin um and sometimes it's used to kind of mask the real the the common meanings of things so we can talk about a patient in front of a patient without them knowing sort of what we're talking about so it's a little bit of this like elevation but for the most part it's just medical terminology is designed to clearly explain a problem with the patient or a presentation of a patient um so we're going to start with some pretty simple stuff like anatomical positions has everyone seen the Michelangelo guy anatomical position this is your anatomical front all right with your palms open your thumbs up and your feet slightly spread apart so everything you see on the and this is anatomical like it has to do with the body so anatomical positions is usually explain how we find a patient or how we transport a patient and the probably the most comfortable one for patients is Supine and that means lying on your back that's a supine patient um and then Brown prone's the bad one prone is face down we need to correct patients when they're La found prone so we try to get them into the Supine position from prone uh and then we have left and right lateral recumbent which is you know fetal position kind of on your side and that's a position of comfort for a lot of people in abdominal pain next we talk about Fowlers and there's Fowler and semi-fowlers they're sort of interchangeable but semi-fowlers means either a 45 degree or less with their legs extended so this is right at the Fowler's aspect if they had gone down a little bit that's semi-foulers and then 45 degrees up to 90 degrees would be full Fowlers um there's left and right lateral recumbent and then finally a term that we um that we love in the EMS is trendelenberg trendelenberg means that the legs are elevated above the heart and the whole body is kind of at a downward angle the head being the lowest part anyone want to give a guess as to why Trend Ellenberg is useful and helpful yeah I heard her blood pressure this moves via gravity this moves all a lot of excess blood from the lower extremities the legs and pushes it towards the core of the body or the Torso and that's where all of our vital organs are all right there's going to be a little bit of repeat on this but here's our anatomical planes uh okay I lost my image but that's all right your medial plane divides the body into the left and right at the midline so your medial plane Cuts you right down the middle out your belly button also known as your umbilicus and and that's going to cut you left and right versus the sagittal plane which can be a line that can cut you in left and right sections anywhere else except for the midline so this is your medial plane so something is medial it's towards the midline the sagittal planes that we use are usually the mid clavicular line which kind of cuts down the side of each half of the Torso uh the frontal or coronal plane I think more people are using frontal now because we've heard the c word enough in the last two and a half years uh the frontal plane divides uh the body into the front and the back also known as the anterior and the posterior so now I'm barely going to say the front of someone's body I'm going to be always using the anterior and I'm not going to say they're behind I'm going to say they're posterior and again I want you to always think of that Michelangelo image Palms forward thumbs up as your anatomical front so this is actually the anterior aspect of my hand and that's the posterior right if you get confused just think of a backhand it was like a threat that was like the nicest threat ever right um yes we call the line down the side of the chest the mid axillary line and that's where if we have to pop someone's uh pleural cavity or where their lungs are we poke them on their mid-axillary line and then a transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower aspects and again we're going to stop saying upper and lower we're going to say Superior towards your head or inferior down by your feet so a good good way to think about this is we divide the abdominal the abdomen into four sections and we use the midline or the medial plane and we use the transverse line across the umbilicus your belly button so then I have my right upper right lower left upper left lower across that little Target right on my belly button questions all right here's my guy there he is hello uh again I just already kind of explained this but we have the anterior aspect of the person and then the posterior aspect of a person right and then uh we talked about the medial line and anything medial is closer to that midline and then anything further away is lateral so my shoulder is lateral my belly button is medial right lateral is further away from the midline and then the middle is our medial aspect we talked about Superior towards the head or inferior towards the feet and then when we get to extremities we start using these two terms distal and proximal all right distal means further away from the Torso all right so my finger is distal my elbows proximal to my finger and then my bicep is proximal to my elbow so my elbow is also distal to my bicep does everyone understand further away distal as we get closer things get proximal uh ventral and dorsal these are interesting terms it basically means anterior and posterior we don't use them very much except when we're talking about internal organs so sometimes you'll have the dorsal aspect of your lungs which is the the aspect of the lungs towards the back right and you can just remember this by when you breathe or you're ventilating ventral your chest expands and then you think about a dolphin they've got or a shark they've got that dorsal fin on their back a quick way to remember those when we're talking about injuries we can talk about a superficial or a deep injury a superficial injury would be a little scratch on the surface anywhere on the body and then a deep injury would actually be penetrating so it goes further inside of us Apex and fundus we're not really going to talk about that plantar and Palmar planter aspect of your feet are on the bottom of your feet it's a real tricky one because if you think of anatomical position the feet are just kind of hanging out down there so we use the X the the term planter for the bottom of our feet polymer has to do with the hands so the Palmer aspect of your hand that again would be posterior on the back of the hand a couple confusing terms here add abduction and adduction abduction is motion of an extremity away from the midline so if you extend your arms out or rotate your hands away that is abduction and then adduction is motioned towards the midline this is more of that rotation right if I'm bringing my arms across my chest that is adduction if you want to spread your wings and fly you're abducting cool extension inflection pretty obvious when you extend your muscles again you go away from your midline extend the leg it's extension and then flexion is when you Flex up okay and just think about when you're working out of the gym flexing you're doing your curls and you bring muscles in and then we have an inversion and inversion inversion is a rotation so if I'm inverting my feet I'm going to go from exterior to Interior I'm rotating it towards the midline right that's inversion the opposite being eversion foreign all right now we start getting into the Latin the Latin fun stuff um most medical terms start with a prefix uh sometimes you'll just get a term that has no prefixes uh but the prefix can describe a bunch of different stuff it can start with location uh a system or the intensity of a problem okay so we talk about location we've already learned of the ab and the ad um being away ad being towards abduction being away adduction adding in here and then we have this idea of below subdural subdural means below the skin um infrastructure it's a good example of uh the structures below the streets the structures within the buildings themselves infrastructure um around so we use circum when we talk about the mouth circumoral circum oral cyanosis means that your lips are blue everywhere around your mouth circumoral is blue Perry I use Perry when I'm talking about the around the belly button it's a specific type of bruise called the periumbilical bruise or periumbilical tenderness and that just means right around your belly button para I guess parachute it's a good way to get around I don't know I can't think we can uh across trans or intra so intranasal means that you're going in through the nose or across the nose intramuscular across the muscles trans uh those nicotine patches transdermal nicotine patches you put it on your skin and it goes across the skin right EPI and Supra means above if you have a suprapubic uh catheter means that they've drilled a hole above your pubic symphysis and that's how they're draining the urine out of you through a Supra above pubic catheter uh huh and then unilateral and bilateral so if I'm giving you the thumbs up unilaterally it's me doing it once it's bilaterally you get both arms you're having a unilateral conversation it's just one person yelling at the same uh one person yelling at the other person it's not back and forth it's just one -sided any questions about those my advice in this class is that if you hear a term that you're like what the hell does that mean write it down in green write it down in a different marker or a different color and somewhere on the side of a page so you can try to break it down it's a really good idea to start generating a list of medical terms that you hear repeatedly and you're like oh I should probably know that one tachycardia and bradycardia being great examples of that outside of the medical field you might know you might have heard of tachycardia or bradycardia which don't really know what it means but those are terms that we're using almost every day when we're talking about patients and their heart rates so it's a really good idea to start generating your own list I've started at level at least 30 or 40 in the classes that I've taken in the classes that I've taught and I keep on losing them so I can't just give you the whole all the words you need to have but if you start hearing a term over and over yeah probably going to hear it continue to hear it over and over all right as far as systems go it gets a little confusing at this point so cardio or cardi is the Latin term for the heart so tachycardia wow resolution's terrible on that uh tachycardia means a fast heart rate and then they started getting a little bit more confusing hepato has to do with your liver um so hepatomeglia meglia means an enlargements and hopato is the liver so this is an enlargement of the liver hepatomeglea due to all the drinky drinky question nope uh nephro is your kidneys there's actually nephrons within your kidneys which are little things that pull all the fluid out of your bloodstream and then slowly put it back in so whenever you hear nephro then you're talking about the kidneys nephropathy is a disease pathy being disease nephropathy is a disease of the kidney neuro is probably the easiest of them neurological neurolog uh is that has to do with your nerves uh how we transmit information to and from our brain is with our nerves so a neurodeficit would be something wrong with our nerves when we're looking at a stroke patient we ask about neurode deficits and deficits or permanent problems um psych or psyche psycho uh has to do with your mind how your mind functions versus all those normal people out there screwing it up for everyone so if you're a psychologist you are studying or a doctor of how the mind functions um and then thorac thoracco is your chest uh so a thoracic the thoracic area is having to do or pertaining to your thorax your chest here's a bunch more uh yeah then you can see that uh the the reason I made this list you don't have to memorize these but I just want to show you how confusing it can be uh there's an angio angino right they're two totally different things cerebral and Costo this is not Costco it's Costco um and it's all kind of escalates to the point where you have an anesthetist and an ass this aesthetician and an anesthetist are two totally different things right um one of them helps keep you subdued when you're having surgery keeps you under and the other one makes your face look pretty in your nails and your hair so they're two totally different things uh but here's a wonderful list of confusing terms brachio and bronchio they look very similar but brachios this muscle bronchio is your chest and your lungs all right so just understand that using these terms can get confusing if you uh if you see two words that look similar it doesn't necessarily mean that they're they mean the same thing prefixes can also indicate the intensity of a function um how well it's actually performing so if we have an a before a system or an a before a root word or an a n that means that there's an absence all right asystole asystole is a heart rhythm and if I said sisterly remember we talked about systole right Sicily is the what you said it yeah contraction of the heart muscles right so let's put an A in front of it a systemately what does that mean yeah it's not doing anything that's your flatliner right there's no heartbeat there's no electrical activity asystole means Cardiac Arrest that heart is not moving not pumping not doing anything right great good work uh dys is dysfunctional or maybe even painful so dyspnea means uh any type of breathing the pnea has to do with the respirations dyspnea means a dysfunctional or painful breathing and then dysuria I'll give you one guess yeah it's the burn and after weekend um I have to remember I'm being recorded here so there's a microphone clipped to my face um so hyper and hypo are are commonly misunderstood for each other right hyper and hypo one of them means that it is excessive or a high number value hyper hypertension is high blood pressure and then oppositely hypotension is low blood pressure okay hyperemesis means that you are throwing up like a machine you are spraying the walls and the ceilings and the paramedic and the EMT and the driver or anyone at the back of the out the back of the ambulance hyperemesis hyperventilation is a term that most of us know and that means they're breathing very very rapidly you're you're you're moving too much air versus hypo which is below normal uh insufficient or under hypoxia oxia because it starts with an o means oxygen but we don't put two o's in there we don't say hypoxia we say hypoxia and that that means low blood oxygen and of course hypotension would be low blood pressure so remember from Wednesday what constant what value for your systolic blood pressure constitutes hypotension below 100 on your systolic blood pressure constitutes medical hypotension those get confused with tackying with Brady a lot so tacky first of all means fast and we'll talk about tachycardia tachycardia means you have a fast heart rate and let's think back to Wednesday what is what is tachycardia what value would you place above 100 yep above 100 is tachycardia you're okay you're living in blood pressure yeah but if your pulse is above 100 you're technically experiencing tachycardia Brady on the other hand means slow so bradycardia would be below 60 um the fun one is when we add breathing the pnea Nia is how that's pronounced it's not tachypnea kipnia and then breedipenia one of my former students wanted it to be tachypnea and bradipnia which I thought was really cute but it's not tachypnea and bradyopenia uh and then we got pre and post before and after pre and post surgery surgicals now there's a bunch of other prefixes but these are the ones I need you to know all right these are the ones that have to be kind of solidified in there and these are some great examples that I use almost every day not dysuria but uh hypertension hypoxia tachypnea those are all terms that quickly establish that there's a problem and what the problem is right uh the prefixes can also indicate what color we're dealing with and this is mostly has to do with skin um and we'll as we'll see uh some organs so Sino is the first one I need you to know and Sino indicates blue cyanosis is a skin condition when we don't have enough oxygen in our blood you know our our fingers our lips our nose our circumoral area around the mouth all can can express cyanosis and that means blue skin all right and it's a very clear a very clear image of someone who needs oxygen when someone has oxygen starves if one of the things that we see immediately is cyanosis around the nose the mouth and in babies newborn babies their entire body can be blue until they really start oxygenating themselves so knowing that that bluish tint to color to the skin is called cyanosis is really important Luco means white and erythro means red we use these when we're talking about blood cells white blood cells and red red blood cells are leukocytes and erythrocytes um zero anyone think about a yellow a yellowing that has to do with zero liver cirrhosis right and those people actually present with jaundice their entire skin will turn this bright yellow but they call it liver cirrhosis because uh the the skin and the liver comes very yellow melanose black melanoma melanomas are skin Cancers and they present as little black spots a little on the skin polio um polio is gray here we go and albo is what while the color wild the color white there elbow and a good example of that is so now bye now bye now and chloro is green if you start turning green there's all types of problems I can't even diagnose that that's pretty much it for the prefixes again cyanosis is a term I want you to start using when you're when you see blue skin cyanosis foreign some suffixes actually our suffixes can do a bunch of stuff uh they can talk about a procedure a condition or even a disease of one of those root words all right is is probably the most famous of them everyone knows um itis when they come into my class I this is inflammation so you have swelling it's usually indicative of an infection tonsillitis bronchitis conjunctivitis a whole bunch of different itises and it literally just means some type of infection or swelling I'm gonna close this door one second yeah ready to go um epiglottitis dermatitis uh epiglottitis is the swelling of the epiglottis and dermatitis is on the skin itself uh so again this inflammation or the swelling is usually indicative of some type of infection uh the suffix al means that it's pertaining to so like oral or costal costal margin is your ribs the edge of your ribs costal intercostal space is between your ribs custom has to do with your ribs syncopole means having to do with syncope and syncope is the when you're not getting enough oxygen to your brain you pass out otherwise known as fainting we rarely say the term fainting in the medical world we say stuff like syncope because it's so fancy enough to play the grand piano um algaia is pain fibromyalgia is a commonly diagnosed unknown pain in the body knees legs arms movement of any kind causes fibromyalgia and fibromyalgia is pain um the ectomy means that it's probably gone through so much itis that it had to be removed so let's think about your tonsils you have tonsillitis they become swollen and and they're infected so you need to get a tonsillectomy which means that they got to cut them out get them out of you like grenades and throw them across the room uh versus ostomy again very similar ostomy is a surgical opening or a stoma like a colonostomy it doesn't mean that they've cut out your colon it means they've drilled a hole in your body because it's an ostomy not an ectomy cholinectomy means that they're cutting out your entire colon colonostomy means that you're now pooping in a bag which it could be convenient you think about it certain circumstances just like oh fine for now um you see the Pat the uh prefix uh or the suffix of I see it just means that it's pertaining to that this is the topic that we're talking about gastric ulcers or ulcers that have to do with your stomach and your digestive system orthopedic is to do with your bones then we got the folks that study stuff ology and ologists or logi and logist so hematology hemo being blood hemotology is the study of blood a hematologists practices hematology Mega Lee we've already looked at megali means it's enlarged uh I don't know I don't know how else to say it it's usually again some type of disease where the cells are reproducing too quickly and an organ will grow to abnormal size it can also do to muscle enlargement cardiomegaly means that your heart muscles have gotten bigger than the normal Johnny human so you have an enlarged heart cardiomegaly and Oma is a tumor and then this is this was for a long time a test question the definite the suffix for disease is pathy a lot of times when you think about disease you start thinking about itis but itis is indicative of inflammation but pathy cardiomyopathy is the disease of the heart muscle and we can start breaking this down cardio being heart myo being muscle cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle you got the whole thing right there in one confusing package uh a gram like an electrocardiogram the EKG a gram is a recording doesn't necessarily mean how much it weighs electrocardiogram just as recording of the electrical conduction Through The myocardium the myo being your muscle cardio being your heart myocardium electrocardiogram studying the heart muscles uh um osis is a disease process if someone's having a cardiomyopathy or cardiomegaly then would be cardios cardio megalos megalosis all right so there's the whole progression of that disease right that's the the path in which a disease takes we've got two more confusing ones feiya and fascia figure has to do with eating and swallowing and fasia is speech all right it's a dysphagia would be painful or dysfunctional speech or aphagia would be lack of eating you cannot eat hear how similar they sound how similar they look they also both have to do with the mouth to a degree but one is formulating speech phasia Aphasia someone who doesn't talk can't speak and dysphagia is someone who has trouble eating and uh plea has to do with breathing dyspnea is trouble breathing or labored breathing apnea is no breathing tachypnea is tacky means it's fast breed of breedipenia uh pneumonia has to do with that also PNE then we got erasia and Ria when you're sliding into first ratio is excessive flow or discharge like rhinorasia Rhino being your schnoz rhino regia means that you are just blowing your nose and it's rolling on out of there like looks little sick kiddos have Rhino regia because their nose is all bubbly and blowing the snot bubbles it's really cute uh versus Ria which is an unusual flow or discharge there's really only one example I can think of yeah it's diarrhea he's lying yeah that's the one that's where your butt's flowing unusually yeah it's funny diarrhea medical term uh stasis means it's slowing or stopping versus staxis is dripping and then taxes is the order arrangement so uh I'm trying to remember what this one cerebral cerebral cerebral Ataxia oh Ataxia cerebral Ataxia means that uh you're not flowing your nerves are not moving in the right direction and you're not getting cerebral spinal fluid flowing in the right direction so stasis just think of a stasis pod where everything is slowed down or stopping staxis uh we use that when we talk about bloody noses uh and then I don't think I've ever seen the taxes in my career I've never stated that term we're going to learn a lot about homeostasis which is how we return to a normal functioning or how the body maintains its normal functioning so once you start seeing these suffixes more and more they are going to start sinking in Aphasia and aphagia especially um so and then I guess poly is important because I just wrote this part poly means excessive so polydipsia polyurea and polyphagia dipsia is uh your thirst uh poly meaning excessive so polydipsia is excessive thirst polyuria anyone want to take a guess it's really hard to guess what it is I haven't written it on the screen or anything polyurea is excessive urination polyphagia means that you're always hungry and these three terms are used to diagnose Diabetes Type 1 in children before they can start talking uh or if they're really young and they can't express their own problems so we use these medical terms polyuria polyphagia and polydipsia as precursors to diagnosing diabetes type 1. and you'll see those three again when we get to the diabetes chapter that that is what I got now um in your chapter and in the in the notes uh in the PowerPoint you're gonna get literally a ton of terms a ton of them and it is too much for any one person to deal with correctly at once this is a process to be learning medical terminology now your job in this class with me is to be like I don't understand what that term is and then you'll see that I I slow things down I break things down I give you the common term and then I'll give you the the medical term quite often in this class and the book as well but you've got to be able to identify the words you don't know all right and then break them into words that you do know if we're if once we get to the point of where we're doing our assessments of damaged or sick patients I don't need you to use medical terms all the time if you can't remember the medical term don't sit there and just roll your eyes be like oh what's the term for it describe it in common terms you know he was breathing really fast is literally tachypnea that's what it is oh it's hard for being really really fast is tachycardia at a certain point you will along this trajectory in EMS have to start using those words but right now describe what you see if you can't remember the medical term for it use the common term we're not going to be like what's the count I'm going to give you bonus points if you start coming up with you know all these medical terms I'll be like well look at the brain on Brad I don't think we have a brad in this class which is fine um so it's it's a learning process it's not all done at once uh so just remember that as you yeah yeah thank you for opening this page like I'm not going to give you a test that looks like that all right with all these terms and that's I mean this is for Real medical terminology this is how it's done there's entire semester-long classes that are based on medical terminology and we just talked about it for what a half hour all right so my expectations will increase over time but that's as you get more comfortable using these terms if you use one incorrectly I'm going to correct you but I'll do it nicely be like nice try I probably yeah it'll be nice um but yeah do try starting to incorporate medical terminology into your reports and how you EX describe patience