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The Rough Riders' Legacy in American History

Apr 10, 2025

Lecture Notes: The Rough Riders and Their Impact

Introduction

  • Romantic moment in American military history: The Rough Riders
  • War with Spain in 1898
  • Theodore Roosevelt's role as Assistant Secretary of the Navy
  • Proposal to raise a volunteer cavalry regiment from the Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas)
  • Emphasis on recruiting tough men with experience in the American West

Recruitment and Composition

  • New Mexico had the largest contingent with 350 Rough Riders
  • Recruitment driven by New Mexico Governor Otero
  • Motivations included:
    • Fighting for the USA
    • Liberation of Cuba
    • Aspiration for New Mexico statehood

Role of the Railroad

  • Crucial for recruitment logistics
  • Connected communities and facilitated movement of recruits
  • Significant moment on Santa Fe Plaza where recruits took their oath

Theodore Roosevelt's Influence

  • Roosevelt's excitement upon meeting the Rough Riders
  • His background as a cowboy and ranch owner in North Dakota

Key Figure: Captain Maximiliano Luna

  • Prominent New Mexican Rough Rider
  • Background:
    • From a notable New Mexico family
    • Former sheriff and state legislator
  • Personal mission:
    • Prove loyalty of Hispanic families in New Mexico to the USA
    • Overcome Spanish blood ties perception

Campaign in Cuba

  • Some companies initially left behind
  • Luna's successful plea to be included in the Cuba campaign
  • Objective: Show loyalty and capability of New Mexicans

Significance of San Juan Hill

  • Roosevelt led Rough Riders in the charge
  • Symbolic planting of the American flag
  • Transition from old Wild West to a modern industrial America

Impact on New Mexico Statehood

  • Rough Riders' contribution pivotal for statehood aspirations
  • Roosevelt's presidency increased New Mexico's political influence
  • Proved New Mexicans as loyal Americans

Rough Rider Reunions

  • 1899: Notable photograph of Theodore Roosevelt at the first reunion
  • Reunions continued at Castaneda Hotel in New Mexico
  • Marked the shared historical achievement of transforming USA's destiny

  • Key Takeaway: The Rough Riders, under Theodore Roosevelt, played a crucial role in shaping American history, influencing New Mexico's path to statehood, and marking a cultural shift from the Wild West to a modern America.