Differences Between Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Key Concepts

• Human Cells: Contain 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus. A diagram in the lecture simplifies this by showing only four pairs.
• Cell Division: Two types are discussed: Mitosis and Meiosis.

Mitosis

• Definition: Process where one cell divides into two identical cells.
• Key Takeaway: Mitosis results in identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

• Definition: Process that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with single chromosomes.
• Key Difference: Produces non-identical cells; every sperm and egg cell is different.
• Human Gametes: Both sperm and egg cells contain 23 single chromosomes.
• In Other Organisms: Flowering plants also undergo meiosis to produce gametes (pollen and egg cells).

Sexual Reproduction

• Definition: Involves the fusion of male and female gametes (fertilization).
• Genetic Information: Offspring receive genetic material from both parents, leading to variation.
• Example: Variation can be observed in offspring such as puppies.

Asexual Reproduction

• Definition: Involves only one parent and does not utilize gametes.
• Genetic Identity: Offspring are genetically identical to the parent (clones).
• Cell Division: Only involves mitosis, not meiosis.
• Example: Aphids reproduce asexually and form clones; some plants reproduce by forming tiny buds that grow into new plants.

Conclusion

• Study Resources: Additional questions on sexual and asexual reproduction can be found in the vision workbook linked in the presentation.