Review of Cell Organelles and Structures

Introduction

• Quick review of cell organelles and structures.
• Includes elements mentioned in intro to cells video and others.
• Goal: Identify organelles based on clues and rate them for fun.

Key Organelles and Structures

Cell Membrane

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).
• External structure; controls what enters and exits the cell.
• Important for homeostasis.
• Rating: 8/10

Cell Wall

• Found in most prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells (e.g., plant cells).
• Provides structure, maintains shape, and offers protection.
• Rating: 6/10

Centrioles

• Present in eukaryotic cells (animal cells, not plant cells).
• Involved in cell division; related to spindle fibers in mitosis.
• Rating: 4/10

Chloroplast

• Present in eukaryotic cells (plant cells, not animal cells).
• Functions in photosynthesis and sugar production.
• Rating: 10/10

Cytoplasm

• Found in all cells.
• Everything inside the cell except the nucleus; includes cytosol and cytoskeleton.
• Supports organelles.
• Rating: 2/10

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Present in eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cells).
• Rough ER: has ribosomes, makes proteins.
• Smooth ER: makes lipids, involved in detoxification.
• Ships items in vesicles to Golgi apparatus.
• Rating: 6/10

Golgi Apparatus

• Present in eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cells).
• Modifies, sorts, and packages materials for delivery.
• Rating: 9/10

Lysosome

• Found in eukaryotic cells (commonly in animal cells).
• Contains enzymes for digesting substances; acts like a wrecking ball.
• Rating: 10/10

Mitochondrion

• Present in eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cells).
• Generates ATP through cellular respiration.
• Rating: 2/10

Nucleus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cells).
• Houses DNA and controls cell activities.
• Rating: 8/10

Ribosome

• Found in all cells.
• Synthesizes proteins.
• Rating: 9/10

Vacuole

• Present in eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cells).
• Stores materials; large central vacuole in plant cells, smaller in animal cells.
• Rating: 3/10

Conclusion

• Reviewed key organelles and structures alphabetically.
• Challenge: Identify structures in provided cell diagrams and recall functions.
• Emphasis on relevance beyond tests: dysfunctions of organelles can affect entire organisms.
• Mention of related diseases and research into dysfunction treatments.
• Reminder from the Amoeba Sisters to stay curious.