Grade 8 Information Technology Textbook Summary

Introduction and Overview

• Published by: Ministry of Education, Ethiopia
• Authors: Chala Diriba, Workineh Tesema
• Editor: Mamo Fideno
• Designers: Mehadi Abdo, Lemma Kassaye, Semeon Tiruneh
• Purpose: To provide basic skills in IT for Grade 8 students, aiding in school subjects and daily life.

Contents Overview

1. Basics of Computer

• Computer Generations:
  • First Generation: 1940-1956, used vacuum tubes
  • Second Generation: 1956-1963, used transistors
  • Third Generation: 1964-1971, used integrated circuits
  • Fourth Generation: 1971-present, uses VLSI circuits
  • Fifth Generation: Present and beyond, focuses on AI
• Functions of Computers: Input, Process, Output, Storage
• Types of Computers: Micro, Mini, Mainframe, Super
• Characteristics of Computers: Speed, Accuracy, Diligence, etc.

2. Computer Hardware

• Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, etc.
• Processing Devices: CPU and its components (CU, ALU, Memory)
• Storage Devices: RAM, ROM, Magnetic and Optical Disks
• Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, etc.

3. Computer Software

• Operating System: Manages hardware and software resources
• Utility Software: Includes antivirus, backup tools
• Application Software: Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentations
• Word Processor: Features include creating, saving, formatting
• Spreadsheet: Used for organizing and calculating data
• PowerPoint: For creating presentations

4. Internet

• Internet Services: WWW, Email, FTP, and more
• Web Pages: Static vs Dynamic
• Protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP for data transfer
• Email: Creating accounts and managing messages
• Social Networks: Facebook, Telegram, LinkedIn
• Benefits and Risks: Advantages of connectivity, risks like cyberbullying

5. Computer Ergonomics

• Importance of Ergonomics: Prevents health issues from improper posture
• Workstation Setup: Guidelines for healthy computer use
• Handling Portable Devices: Tips for safe usage of smartphones and laptops
• Proper Use of Smartphones: Avoid excessive use, ensure safety

6. LOGO Programming

• LOGO Commands (Primitives): Basic commands for turtle graphics
• Variables in LOGO: Creating and using variables
• Recursive Procedures: Implementing loops and repetition
• Conditional Statements: Using IF, ELSE for logic control

Conclusion

• The textbook serves as a foundational guide to understanding IT concepts and practical applications for Grade 8 students.
• Emphasizes the importance of safe and ergonomic use of technology devices.

Study and Review Recommendations

• Engage actively in activities and brainstorming tasks mentioned in the textbook.
• Review each unit's summary and practice the exercises provided for better understanding.
• Utilize the glossary for understanding key terms and the bibliography for further readings.