How Does Self-Determination Theory Explain Motivation?

Introduction

• Self-determination theory (SDT) posits that individuals feel more motivated when they can make their own choices.
• Self-determination refers to the ability to make choices and manage one's own life.
• Intrinsic motivation, engaging in activities for their inherent rewards, plays a crucial role.

Key Concepts

Psychological Needs

• Three psychological needs drive motivation and growth:
  1. Autonomy: Feeling in control of one’s own goals and behaviors.
  2. Competence: Mastering tasks and learning new skills.
  3. Connection: Experiencing a sense of belonging and attachment to others.

Basic Assumptions

1. Need for Growth: People strive for growth and mastery.
2. Autonomous Motivation: Focuses on internal motivation rather than external rewards.

Components of Self-Determination

• Autonomy: Control over one’s own actions.
• Competence: Mastery and skill development.
• Connection: Sense of belonging and attachment.

How SDT Works

• Psychological growth requires continual support and is influenced by social conditions.
• Extrinsic Motivators: Can decrease self-determination by reducing autonomy (overjustification effect).
• Positive Feedback: Enhances self-determination and intrinsic motivation.

Examples of Self-Determination

• Highly Self-Determined: Takes responsibility, believes in control over outcomes.
• Poorly Self-Determined: Blames external factors, feels helpless.

Continuum of Motivation

• Self-Determined Behaviors: Intrinsically motivated, driven by enjoyment and satisfaction.
• Non-Self-Determined Behaviors: Motivated by obligation, lack of control.
• Most behaviors lie between self-determination and external motivation.

Influence on Behavior

In the Workplace

• Self-determination increases job satisfaction and performance.
• Employers can foster self-determination by allowing autonomy and providing feedback.

In Competition

• Leads to better performance as athletes feel capable and motivated to excel.

In Social Settings

• Enhances participation and belonging in groups.

In Education

• Self-determined students are more motivated and satisfied.
• Educators can foster self-determination through feedback and autonomy.

Traits of Self-Determined People

• Control over their lives, high self-motivation, goal-oriented, responsible for actions.

Improving Self-Determination

• Self-Awareness: Enhance through meditation and feedback.
• Self-Regulation: Practice mindfulness and cognitive reframing.
• Social Support: Foster relationships that provide support.
• Mastery: Develop skills in areas of interest to build competence.

Conclusion

• SDT helps understand motivation and the importance of autonomy and intrinsic motivation for well-being.
• Pursuing intrinsically motivated goals leads to greater happiness and decision-making capability.