Spanish American War Notes 2022

Background

• The Spanish American War took place in 1898.
• It was a conflict between the United States and Spain.
• Hostilities began after the explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor.

Causes of the War

• Economic Interests: The U.S. had significant economic interests in Cuba.
• Humanitarian Concerns: Allegations of Spanish mistreatment of Cubans.
• Yellow Journalism: Sensationalist news that stirred public opinion.
• De Lome Letter: Criticism of President McKinley by Spanish Ambassador.
• USS Maine Explosion: Spark that led to war declaration.

Major Events

• Battle of Manila Bay: First major engagement; U.S. victory over Spain in the Philippines.
• San Juan Hill: Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders' notable charge.
• Naval Blockade of Cuba: U.S. Navy blockaded Cuban ports.
• Treaty of Paris (1898): Ended the war; Spain relinquished claims on Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S.

Consequences

• The U.S. emerged as a world power with significant overseas territories.
• The war marked the end of Spanish colonial rule in the Americas.
• It raised questions about U.S. imperialism and its role in international affairs.

Key Figures

• President William McKinley: U.S. President during the war.
• Theodore Roosevelt: Key leader, led the Rough Riders.
• Admiral George Dewey: Led U.S. naval forces in the Battle of Manila Bay.

Impact on U.S. Policy

• Triggered debates over imperialism and expansion.
• Led to the establishment of the Platt Amendment, which outlined U.S. rights in Cuba.

Summary

• The Spanish American War was a brief but pivotal conflict that marked a turning point in U.S. foreign policy.
• It reflected economic, political, and humanitarian motivations and resulted in significant territorial gains for the U.S.