Smarthistory: Cimabue, Virgin and Child Enthroned, and Prophets (Santa Trinita Maest)
Overview
Artwork: Virgin and Child Enthroned, and Prophets
Artist: Cimabue
Period: Late 13th century (c. 1290-1300)
Medium: Tempera on wood, gold background
Dimensions: 384 x 223 cm
Location: Uffizi, Florence
Key Features
Iconography: Depicts the Virgin Mary with Christ Child on a throne, surrounded by prophets.
Style: Adaptation of Byzantine icons for Western devotion.
Composition: Large Marian images placed in churches for worship.
Historical Context
Byzantine Influence: Inspired by Byzantine icon type, especially the Hodegetria where Mary points to Christ.
Significance: These large panels, known as MaestĂ , common in Italian churches for devotion.
Artistic Elements
Throne Design: Intricately carved and studded with gems, using perspectival effects to create depth.
Angel Representation: Angels in Cimabue’s work are larger, interacting with holy figures and viewers.
Prophets Inclusion: Four prophets (Jeremiah, Abraham, David, Isaiah) depicted below Mary’s throne, enhancing three-dimensionality and linking to Christ's genealogy.
Significance of Figures
Jeremiah & Isaiah: Prophets foretelling the Messiah's coming.
Abraham & David: Ancestors of Christ, emphasizing Jesus' divine and prophetic lineage.
Connection to Vallombrosans
Commission: Possibly requested by the Vallombrosan order, emphasizing Old Testament prophets.
Religious Influence: Vallombrosans' artistic commissions highlighted their religious values and heritage.
Innovation
Original Elements: Cimabue’s innovative placement of prophets, creating a new interpretation of the Maestà .
Impact: Enhanced prestige of the Vallombrosans in Florence's competitive religious landscape.
Conclusion
Legacy: The Santa Trinita Madonna by Cimabue exemplifies the blend of Byzantine iconography with Western artistic innovation, underscoring its importance in both religious and artistic history.