Revision of Haloalkane and Haloarene

Introduction to Haloalkane

• Halogens: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
• Haloalkane: Compounds with single bonds, such as CH4 (methane), C2H6 (ethane)
• Aromatic compounds contain a benzene ring.

Characteristics of Haloalkane

• Single Bond: Compounds with single bonds, such as CH3Cl
• Adding Halogen: Creating haloalkane by adding halogen.

Characteristics of Haloarene

• One or more halogens attached to a benzene ring.
• If the halogen is not directly attached to the benzene ring, it will not be considered a haloarene.

Chemical Reactions

1. Low Reactivity: Haloalkanes are not very reactive.
2. Reason for Reactivity: Due to the double bond.
3. Reactivity of Phenyl, Vinyl, and Benzyl Groups:
   • Phenyl: Less reactive
   • Vinyl: Slightly more reactive
   • Benzyl: Most reactive

Identifying Degree

• Identifying 1°, 2°, and 3° degrees:
  • 1°: Halogen attached to one carbon
  • 2°: Halogen attached to two carbons
  • 3°: Halogen attached to three carbons

Preparation of Haloalkane

• From Alcohol: Creating haloalkane by adding alcohol.
• From Hydrocarbon: Preparing haloalkane from hydrocarbon.
  • Such as adding Cl2 with energy.

Key Reaction Methods

• Lucas Reagent: Used for identifying 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols.
• SN1 and SN2 Reactions:
  • SN1: Occurs in one step.
  • SN2: Occurs in two steps.

Important Chemical Reactions

1. Finkelstein Reaction: Halogen exchange reaction.
2. Friedel-Crafts Reaction: Addition of alkyl or acid.

Benzene-Based Reaction Methods

• Sandwich Reaction: Adding halogen to a benzene ring.
• Gatterman Reaction: Adding bromine to a benzene ring.

Logic of Reactivity

• Electron Withdrawing Groups: Such as NO2, which increase reactivity.
• Double Bonds: If there is a double bond, the possibility of a reaction exists.

Conclusion

• The revision of haloalkane and haloarene focuses on key chemical reactions and their characteristics.
• Studying these reactions is crucial, especially for exam preparation.