Hello friends. Welcome to the Engineering Funda family. In this video I'll be going to explain you NB-IoT narrowband internet of things. Let me show you outlines of this video first. So in this video first I'll be discussing about basics of NB-IoT Then I'll explain you how NB-IoT functions. Then I'll show you basic architecture of NB-IoT . Then I'll explain you basic applications of NB-IoT . And at last I'll be discussing about advantages of NB-IoT . So let us start this session with first agenda, that is basics of NB-IoT . See NB-IoT means what it is narrowband internet of things. So here devices will be communicating with narrow bandwidth and as narrow bandwidth is there, those devices are functioning at low power. So NB-IoT that is using low power wide area network. That is also referred as LPWAN So anybody that is using low power, wide area network, that wide area network that is created with the use of cellular network and devices will be functioning at lower power, right? See NB-IoT that was developed by Third Generation Partnership Project. 3GPP for wireless cellular network. So in NB IoT devices are communicating with the use of wireless cellular network, in which GSM channels as well as unused LTE channels are occupied. So in wireless cellular network with NB IoT, we are having GSM channels and unused LTE channels for communication with device. So devices with Internet of Things with NB IoT are using wireless channels with wireless cellular network where channels are there from GSM as well as it can be there from unused LTE channel. How it is occupied that even I'll explain you in working in this video itself. See NB IoT devices can have battery life for more than ten years. Why battery life is that huge? The reason is NB IoT devices are functioning at narrowband, so it consumes very less power and as it is consuming very less power, you will be observing battery life of NB IoT devices. That is quite huge. It is there beyond ten years, right? See. Nb-iot works with narrowband, so it works with low power, and it can be used in cost effective IoT applications, where latency is allowed up to 1.6 to 10s for transmission, see this NB. IoT devices are working with narrowband and low cost applications where transmission delay or transmission latency that is ranging somewhere from 1.6 seconds to 10s write transmission time means it is a time required for communication from device to application center, right? So it is around 1.6 to 10s. That's why one can say it is there for low cost application. We are not using it for real time applications. See Nb-iot that is using radio band of 200kHz, and NB-IoT is working with LPWAN low power wide area network with LPWAN. There are some other examples, even like LoRaWAN and Sigfox. In my next video I'll be going to explain you LoRaWAN. Long range wide area network, right? See LoRaWAN that is not operated with cellular channels. Here Nb-iot that is operating with GSM or unused LTE channels. LoRaWAN that is having wireless network, but it is not using channels which are there in cellular network right now. I'll be explaining you how working is there with NB-IoT See, as I have told you, NB-IoT is operating at licensed mobile carrier network. One should know see mobile carrier network that is having frequencies. Those are licensed one. Here with NB-IoT , we are having GSM channel as well as LTE channels. Let us try to understand first how those channels are occupied over here. So here see LTE carrier is there means LTE bands are there in which. First let me explain you how in band operation happens. See with LTE carrier as if. LTE channel is free, then NB-IoT devices can use that channel for communication means it is in-band operation. In second case you see here I have shown guard band operation. Guard band operation means in between channels there is unused frequency space, so NB-IoT can functions at that guard band even. The reason is NB-IoT is having narrow band communication, so that guard band one can be occupied here and see that will be occupied as if LTE and GSM channels are busy and and this NB-IoT that can operate in GSM channels as well. Right. So here you can observe various GSM channels are there. Right. And as if GSM channel is free then Nb-iot can operate at GSM channels even. Right. So that is how there are three ways by which NB-IoT devices can communicate, right? See Nb-iot is using QPSK digital modulation scheme that is quadrature phase shift keying modulation scheme, right? Here for uplink. Nb-iot is using FDM and for downlink it is using orthogonal FDM. FDM is frequency division multiple access. See Nb-iot module comes with sensors, actuators, antenna and chipset. So here modules will be communicating with base station right. So with that module sensors are there for sensing physical parameters. Actuators are there for giving physical response. Antenna is there for a communication over LTE or GSM carriers. Here we are communicating with base station off mobile center right. So for that you need to have antenna. And there will be chipset integrated with module. Right. So that is how complete module will be there with PNP IoT devices. Now I'll explain you basic architecture of NB-IoT . If you observe basic architecture of NB-IoT then here we are having NB IoT device. I have told you that device is having how many things? Sensors, actuators, chipset and antenna. With the use of antenna it can communicate with base station. But if you observe here it is mentioned that it is NIDD compatible. Device means it is non IP data supported device right. So here non IP data communication that will happen with this base station. Right here. There is no IP required for data communication. One should know in computer networks when you want to have logical routing means addressing. At that time you need to have IP address. But here this devices are communicating with base station of cellular network where that communication will be based on non IP based communication. That data will go to core network equipment. So up to this communication there will be no IP requirement. Once that data goes into core equipment. Core network equipment, that data will be forwarded on internet and to forward data on internet. Now there will be IP configuration with that data. And see in internet there will be IoT platforms. Right? With the use of IoT platforms, one can develop many applications and those applications can be used by users. Right. So here in NB IoT architecture you will be observing see when device is communicating with base station. So that is non IP based communication. And one once that base station is forwarding data to core network equipment. After that that data will go on internet. And once data goes on internet IoT platforms will be utilizing it. So this communication will be based on IP addressing. Right. And entire application will be end to end secured one. Right. So that is how basic architecture is there now let us try to understand how many applications are there with NB IoT. So first one is smart lighting. So on street light. Also this applications can be implemented here. Smart metering is also one of that application. Like for light bill you can have smart metering for gas bill. You can have smart metering with the use of NB-IoT See one can have this NB IoT for asset management. We can have it for smart parking, we can have it for water conservation. And we can use this for alarms and event detectors. So that is how varieties of applications are. You can say for multi node mobile based architecture one can have as many applications as possible for smart cities. And the IoT is very useful right now in 2023 around 1 billion devices are there. Those are using NB IoT applications. Right. And if you talk about advantages of NB-IoT, then one should know we can use Nb-iot for high density network. Cellular network is already high density network. Here. Nb-iot devices are only using channels of cellular network where we can have high density network. See for low power consumption we are using this and as I have told you this devices are having battery life for more than ten years. So that is happening because of low power consumption, right? See higher data rates can be achieved. You cannot say huge data rate here. We can have up to 200 kbps data rate speed with Nb-iot. And for low cost application this data rate is sufficient. Right? See we can have lower cost applications with Nb-iot. We can have low bandwidth applications based on Nb-iot, and we can have extended coverage with Nb-iot. Extended coverage is happening because of cellular network right now in the entire globe. Humongous cellular network is already spreaded, and if IoT is occupying that with the use of Nb-iot, then one can have so many applications. So many devices can be connected with the use of cellular network. Right. So that is how varieties of advantages are there with NB-IoT I hope you have understood this session. Still, if anything that would like to share, please note it down in comment section. I'll be happy to help you. Thank you so much for watching this video.