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Understanding Addiction and Its Terminology

May 4, 2025

Definition of Addiction

Background

  • Clear language in medicine is crucial for effective communication regarding disease, risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, health, and wellness.
  • Terminology is particularly challenging in addiction medicine due to associated stigma.
  • Past terminology includes alcoholism, addictionology, and now addiction medicine.

Evolution of Terminology

  • ASAM Board endorsed the creation of a Descriptive and Diagnostic Terminology Action Group (DDTAG) in 2007 to clarify addiction-related terms.
  • DDTAG developed 2011 definitions of addiction and related terms for treatment and recovery.
  • Public understanding of addiction as a chronic brain disease has grown, as has acknowledgment of prevention and harm reduction.
  • In 2018, ASAM's Board recognized the need for an updated definition of addiction.

Task Force Updates

  • A Task Force was appointed to update terms related to addiction.
  • Revised definition created for ASAM’s policy statements.
  • Recommended retiring transitional terms like medication-assisted recovery (MAR) and medication-assisted treatment (MAT).
  • Suggested using 'medication' for FDA-approved addiction treatments, recognizing the continued use of MAT in various contexts.

Definition (Adopted September 15, 2019)

  • Addiction: A treatable, chronic medical disease.
    • Involves complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, environment, and life experiences.
    • Characterized by compulsive substance use or behaviors despite harmful consequences.
  • Prevention and Treatment: Effectiveness is comparable to other chronic diseases.

Copyright and Usage

  • Document © 2019 by the American Society of Addiction Medicine, Inc.
  • Usage allowed for personal or classroom use, with restrictions on commercial distribution.
  • Proper attribution required for ASAM statements, with regular revisions to ensure current positions are reflected.

Contact Information

  • Address: 11400 Rockville Pike, Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20852
  • Phone: 301.656.3920
  • Fax: 301.656.3815
  • Website: www.ASAM.org