autophagy is a process by which cellular components are directly upticked by lysosomes and degraded in the lysosomes and the ReUse of the components are occurred in the cell Hello friends welcome to biology concern I'm animesh and in this video I am going to discuss about the autophagy what is the autophagy and the types of autophagy so let's jump into the topic first of all the autophagy is a highly conserved eukaryotic cellular process so basically it is a eukaryotic cellular process which is ah particularly a recycling process through the degradation of cytoplasmic organelles proteins and macromolecules and the recycling of and the breakdown of the products so basically when a protein or any macromolecule in the cell are formed differently that means it is defected in nature then this term autophagy or this process autophagy ah initiated in the within the cell so basically by the autophagy cell basically reuse of its components that is let us take an example for proteins so proteins are basically made up of amino acids ok so whenever a default defaulty proteins is produced then autophagy is initiated and by the process of autophagy lysosome breaks down those polypeptide chains and form a uni unit that is the amino acid so each and you every amino acids are separated from the polypeptide chain and the thus the cell reuses those amino acids and produces to make another protein that is the usual action of the autophagy that is the reusing of its components so autophagy plays an important role in cell survival and maintenance also otherwise you lead to the degradation of cargo whatever it is that is the macromolecules it should be macromolecule macromolecule proteins Etc so and the breakdown of these products back into the cell for the ReUse by the cell okay so autophagy is divided into three major categories or three different types as part first one is the macro autophagy second one is The Chaperone meditate autophagy and third one is the micro autophagy so what what about the macro atology so in the case of macro autophagy cell produces a double membrane structure but this double membrane structure formed within the cell not from the outside of the cell and those components are fused with the lysosome directly and produces autophagosome and those autophagosomes helps to digest the product present within this double membrane component or critically or we also called as autophagosomes or endosomes so endosomes endosomes are formed within the cell and the compound components that is relies Within These endosomes are getting digested by these lysosomal hydrolysis so the lysosomal hydrolysis which is present inside the lysosome so basically whenever a endosome is produced inside of a cell so basically these endosomes are double membrane component compartments and those double membrane compartments of endosomes are fuses with this particular lysosome and then these lysosomal hydrolases released from the lysosome and it basically engulfs the particular components present Within These endosomes or autophagosomes and it specifically digested those products and the polymers is that is present in the lysosomal membrane so these are the permeases that is present in the lysosome environmental helps to reuse of the components by the cell so basically whenever these products are digested within these lysosome or Auto lysosome okay so then these components or micro molecular components are getting outside from the inside of this lysosome to outside of the cell that means in the cytosol of this cell and these molecules are reused by the cell okay reuse by the cell so here's the definition of micro macro autophagy so macro Auto phase relies on the denomo formation of cytosolic double membrane vesicles Auto phagosomes to sequester and transport of cargo to the lysosome now it is the portion of second type of autophagy that is The Chaperone mediated autog so whenever chaperone mediated autophagy are in formation that means chaperone mediated autophagy only walks on unfolded polypeptides ah that are faultly produced by the cell so whenever a cell trying to produce a protein that means it initially produces a polypeptide chain so whenever these polypeptide chains are fault in nature then these or type of autophagy comes into play so at first these proteins or unfolded proteins or faulty proteins have a particular motif that is K a free RQ Motif so this kfe arq motives has bind with hspa8 that is heat shock protein heat shock protein A8 so Heat shock protein 70a8 so HSPA type complexes binds with this particular unfolded protein and then these HSP A8 complexes helps this unfolded polypeptide to get into the lysosomes with the help of lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A that is LAM P two a so this ah red structure is basically lysosomal Associated membrane protein 2A so whenever these HSP complex so HSP A8 these complexes are binds with this particularly Lam p2a that is lysosomal associated membrane proteins then this unfolded protein or unfolded polypeptide is getting into the lysosomes and whenever these uh unfolded polypeptides are moving into the lysosomes then this lysosomal hydrolysis so this black are lysosomal hydrolysis so lysosomal hydrases degrades these polypeptide chains and break down into amino acids and those amino acids come outward from this lysosome with the help of these permisses and it now present within the cytosol and the cell is reuse these amino acids to produce further proteins and third one is the microautology so what about the micro autophagy so whenever these lysosomes are directly uptake these cellular components that is the faulty components then the micro autophagy takes place so microwave autophagy involves the direct uptake of the cargo through the invagination of the lysosomal membrane so in this case of microauto direct uptake of the cargo and the proteins or whatever molecules it is that is a faulty carbo protein so these faulty proteins or faulty components are directly uptake into the lysosomes and degraded by the lysosomal hydrolysis and it basically reuse by the cell so this is the three types of ah autophagy one is macro autophagy when macro autophagy is there so macro autophagy plays an important role in the formation of double membrane so whenever a double membrane is formed within the cell that is the endosome those endosomes directly attached with this lysosome and lysosomes digested those products and reuse by the cell and in case of chaperone mediated autophagy here HSP complexes are bind with these unfolded proteins or helps these unavolded proteins to getting inside the lysosome and degrade these unfolded proteins into amino acids and the amino acids are reused by the cell and in case of microorthophagy lysosomes direct uptake the cellular intercellular components ah within its and digested with the help of lysosomal hydrolysis and cell reuses those components and makes another product from its so this is the video 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