Reaction Conditions and Regioselectivity

What are the conditions that are favorable for the adhesion reactions? And we have seen that adhesion reactions and elimination reactions are opposite each other. The forward is adhesion, the backward reaction is elimination reaction. And any chemical reaction, if you want to check how fast or how it happens, we know that thermodynamics and kinetics are the best. So kinetics will decide how fast the reaction is happening. Terminologies will tell you whether the reaction is spontaneous or not spontaneous. It means, can it happen or not happen? And in the work on the general chemistry, So the factor that will decide the spontaneity, there are three things, right? The delta G value, the change in the energy value, delta S, change in entropy, and delta H, change in enthalpy values. Among these three, the delta G value is the highest priority, the change in the energy. So, if I remind you if delta G is equal to negative value and if delta S is the positive the change in entropy and if delta H is the negative. So these are the ideal conditions for the spontaneous bias. And on the other hand if delta G is false to delta S is negative and delta H is false to and these are the non-spontaneous conditions guys. Okay, if you have the priority and it says the delta G value is the highest priority, okay, and the formula for delta G is equal to delta H minus G delta S is equal to A, which equals both the enthalpy term as well as the entropy term values, okay, and From the previous semester when we were talking about the elimination reactions, when we were studying the E1 and E2 elimination reactions, you realize that the higher the temperature, the elimination is more difficult. Right? You know the elimination requires... the higher temperatures. Let's see why it requires higher temperatures. So, we have taken my example here. So, this is simple all key and this is the hypercorded gaseous. They are adding the hypercorded gaseous to this all key guys. And they are checking what factor, the enthalpy factor or the entropy factor is favorable for the edge reaction. You see, in order to do all this, just try to... understand the summary of these calibration facts. Okay? So they calibrated the delta H value for this reaction, and they find out that delta H value is negative. Okay? Therefore, according to delta H, it is spontaneous or non-spontaneous types. spontaneous, right? Because in the entire, it is needed to react in spontaneous bias. So, what they can say is that with respect to the enthalpy, the gradient enthalpy, that additional reaction is spontaneous bias. Okay? Now, let's see based on the entropy bias, the perspective of the bias. Now, next slide. So, we can remember this also I discussed guys, right? So, there are, just by looking at the chemical reaction, we are able to predict the sign of the delta S guys. Not sure how many of you remember. So, one of them is 8 number of products Day to day number of reactants in the 5 days that causes positive bias. And also if the cyclic compound is adverse to the reaction. open shape compound eyes then also delta c so basically delta is is an indication of entropy guys it's nothing but the freedom okay the freedom is increasing basically the stability when these guys okay so if we have the number of products reactants, delta S is positive. If you are converting a cyclic compound into an open chain compound, then also delta S is positive. But if you look at here, I have two starting units, I have two reactants, and I have only one product case. That means the number of reactants This is less than the number of products. In that case, what is the delta S-value? Delta S-value should be the negative value. So with respect to the change in entropy, this reaction is spontaneous and non-spontaneous. So when you say delta S is negative, the reaction is not spontaneous. So the reason why delta S is negative is because you are converting more number of reactants into less number of products. So therefore the delta S is negative. So the same additional reaction with respect to enthalpy, it is spontaneous. With respect to entropy, it is non-spontaneous. Did you say that delta G... The highest value. The highest value, yes. Predicting the spontaneous. So if you know the delta G value, delta X value, and delta H value, you have to do the highest value for the delta G value. Okay? So here, the addition reaction is saying that it is spontaneous with respect to the enthalpy, and non-spontaneous with respect to the entropy values. So therefore, usually, when you say entropy, entropy always associates associated with the temperature bias. We have the higher the temperature, higher the entropy. So therefore, to decrease the entropic effect on this reaction, these additional reactions are usually favored at the low temperature space. On the other hand, the backbone reactions are the delimitation reactions. So if you see this is a... The forward reaction, right? Forward reaction is an additional reaction, okay, which refers at low temperature so that the enthalpy is dominating at low temperature and the backward reaction, which is favored by the entropy, it refers to high temperature. So this will The dominant practice is the delphalage. This one is directed by delphalage. These will be at the higher temperature, the entropy is the dominating factor, therefore the energy is going to happen. So in this chapter, as I said, all the reactions will be the energy reactions, therefore if you pay attention to the reaction... the initial skies will always see the low temperature reactions. So that is how we can explain why the initial reactions require low temperatures, whereas the elimination reactions require high temperatures. So with that basic understanding, now let's move on to the actual reaction studies. Keep in mind, all the reactions that we study in this chapter except the only one reaction, all additional reaction studies. That means we will be adding two groups, two substituents across the double-polycarbon studies. depending on the type of reaction those groups will be chelicitis. Okay? So, first reaction that we study is high stroke, hallucination guys. The name is simplificating. Hydro means H. Aluminum means any hydrogen, right? Fluorine, bromine, iron. So basically, you will be adding HX across the double bond gas, okay? So H plus and X minus X plus. This is the correlation between chlorine and bromine on the hydrogen gas. Now before going to in detail let me explain you guys a little bit. Whatever the reactions that we study here, these are called as a electrophilic everything we have transpires. These were linked, all keys and all kinds undergo addition reactions and if I want to be more specific they were electrophilic addition reactions guys. Now, can you tell me what is the meaning of electrophile guys? Can you give some examples for electrophiles? Any electrophile? Electro-file. Do you know that? Electro-file means basically, electro means electrons, right? File means basically, loving guys. Okay, which team loves electrons guys? All of us do, right? We know that the opposite charges, ions, attract each other. I'm saying electron loving means negative charge loving species. okay so usually all the ions get all the positive charge ions that you know h plus and o2 plus okay all is any ion with the positive charge they usually call as a electrophile Do you know this one, right? So, the electrophiles and the ring-profiles, right? So, especially when you talk about the subtraction of the ring-profiles. We will learn about that in a second. So, electrophile means electron-loving species that is an individual... as a loving species, it will all the positive ions love the negative ions, right? And for any positive ion, it's considered as the electrophile guys. I think H+, NO2+, C, C+, guys. So, now, what I'm saying is that the all key means undergo electrophilic addition reactions. That means they extract the electron profiles. Can you tell me why they extract the electron profiles? When I'm saying that they are extracting the electron profiles, they are extracting all these positive triad DNA cells. Why? Because they are reaching electron cells. See? They have a high amount of electrons. It takes out to each electron cell. These electrons, okay, bounce down and positively charge the amino acids. So because of that, all the unsaturated compounds, especially the alkynes and all kinds, they will undergo the electrophilic addition reaction. Okay, is it clear guys? So now in this case, when I am saying the highly growth hallucination, this is my electrophile right there, so in the first step, we will be adding down X plus guys. Okay, alright, so now if you think I'm pushing here, guess I'm going to write the example here. I goes in, I goes in, right? As I said, in all these reactions, we are adding two groups, sometimes it might be the same groups, or sometimes it might be different groups, across the double bonded carbon slabs. Now, if you pay attention, this carbon and this carbon, they are the same on different guys. Let me say what if I have this carbon and this carbon lies. They're identical or not identical guys? They're identical, right guys? Therefore, so when you are adding, it doesn't matter which carbon is getting hydrogen or H+, and which carbon is getting the, in this case, the hydrogen, the R-. Right guys? So because let's say if I'm adding the H+, right there, the R- right there. Even if I add the other way around, you know, the Vr minus 5 here and the H plus 5 there. This one and this one, they are now the same compound size, okay? So, now, this is called as the symmetrical octane bias. Do you know what symmetrical octane means? Okay? So, symmetrical octane means this one. Mine here exactly. This is reflecting on the same on both sides. Right there. It's symmetrical all things. This carbon and this carbon are identical. Therefore it doesn't matter which carbon is getting the hydrogen and which carbon is getting the halogen atomized. But sometimes I will say, see here guys, you get this carbon, this non-ferrous, this also. So now, this carbon and this carbon are the same or different guys? These two are same or different? They are different. Now the question is, which carbon will get the hydrogen and which carbon gets the halogen? That is the problem. Do you guys understand the scenario guys? If the all key is symmetrical, we don't care which carbon is getting the hydrogen and which carbon is getting the halogen. Neither way, we will get the same answer guys. But whenever we have the two carbons at a different, the question is, which carbon is getting the hydrogen and which carbon is getting the halogen? That is what we call as a Regio Selectivity. Question is, you have a node, ok? Which term is given for that? That is where the concept for that Regio Selectivity comes into the picture. Let me explain you what is the easiest way to take this test. Let us say you graduated and you applied for a job. And now you got two offers. One is from the program. Let us start with one from the California. Now you can choose two regions guys, Florida versus California. But let's say you choose the Florida over the California. That means you choose the Florida region. So let's call region selective. So here also, the incoming earth profile, the H class, can choose either this carbon or this carbon guys. But if selective uses one carbon over the other carbon, let's say one one region or the other region. That is why it is called as a regioselectivity virus. And that regioselectivity of these addition reactions is explained by the Morconi-Koch's virus. So according to the Morconi-Koch's rule, it's the name of the scientist's virus, according to the Morconi-Koch's rule, whenever you are performing the electrophilic addition reactions, The error profile, that means the positive nature of the species, We'll go to the carbon that has more number of hydrogen skies. Let me repeat the statement, guys. Whenever you are doing the electrophilic addition reactions, if you have two carbons that are not the same, like in this example, these two carbons are not the same, the electrophile, the positively charged ion, will go to the carbon that has more number of hydrogenous values. Okay? So, if that is the case, see? This is my all-in, right guys? So whenever you have the all-in, let's put all the hydrogen without moving it into the excess. This carbon has 100% and this carbon does not have any hydrogens, right? So when I am adding the... H plus, and then the same, the Br minus, according to the what it says guys, the electrophile goes to the carbon that has more number of ions, right? So this carbon will get dark one, and Br minus will go to this carbon. So the only product should be hypozyn. Do you guys understand this equation somehow? So this is my original all team guys. I have this carbon and this carbon. I have an hydrogen and one carbon. I have an bromide and other carbon. If I have both the carbons are same, we don't have any problem. Now these carbons are different. One carbon has one hydrogen. The second carbon does not have any hydrogen. Now how do we know which carbon is getting H plus and which carbon is getting Br minus? That is dictated by Markovnikov's law. What he is saying is that any of these reactions, the energy profile, means whichever is having the positively charged ion, that will be added to the carbon that has the lower number of hydrogen cysteine. This carbon has one hydrogen, this carbon has zero hydrogen, right? Therefore, So the next place we go to this carbon, and here my support factor. Let me do one more example. That is the Morphoid Concentration. The other one is, if I want to have the opposite one, that means, let us say, if I want to have the hydrogen should go to the carbon that has a less number of hydrogen, simply you have to put the peroxide guys. And that is what we call it the anti-morphonic ox aeration guys. And you see here, the same on kimbasi. This is my alkyn dyes. Now can you guys tell me, so this carbon and this carbon, they are the same on a friend dyes. They are different dyes, right? Do we have any hydrogens? Let me put the next one. Do we have any hydrogens on carbon number one dyes? No. What about the carbon number two dyes? I have two hydrogens dyes. So let us say, if I don't have the peroxide in the reaction mixture dyes, If I simply have the HBR, which we call as a Marconi constellation, does this myosin go to the first carbon or the second carbon? The second carbon, right. If I don't have anything right, it does. That is a Marconi constellation. Now the peroxide in the reaction mixture, this is what we call the anti-molecular coaxial aeration types, which is exactly opposite to what we learned in the previous slide. So when you have Now the peroxide, now the LF profile, the H plus will go to the carbon with less hydrogens and the Br minus will go to the carbon with more hydrogens. Exactly opposite what we call as the anti-morphicose addition class. So this is what we call as the regioselectivity class. Means for the given LF profile, if it has two places to go, So, like for you to go to either Florida or... or the California, like you are choosing the Florida versus California, the same way here, the electrophile is choosing one place or other place bias. That is what we call the regiocelectivity. And the regiocelectivity explained based on the Morphonic Oxidation bias. So if you don't have anything in the reaction except the HDR, the reaction of the Morphonic Oxidation, there now, electrophile will go to the congenital Morphitis bias. But as soon as you included the peroxide in the reaction mixture, it will change bias, okay? Now the L profile will go to the carbon with less hydrogens, and the Br- will go to the carbon with no hydrogens. Reason is, okay, because these two reactions will pursue where? Different mechanisms, guys. I'll explain you in a bit, guys, what are the mechanisms, guys. Because right now, just understand when you have the asymmetrical arc here, the two parts are different, so this is how the LHU happens, guys. The ratio is 73, guys. Any questions guys? Yes please. Can we have peroxide and carbon monoxide? Can we have peroxide and carbon monoxide? If you have peroxide that is called as and carbon monoxide. If you simply have only HPR that is called as carbon monoxide. Okay? Alright. Let's do this example guys. Let me get over here. Let's work on this one guys. Okay, alright. Now, you can pay attention here. See here guys. Now this is always, remember it doesn't matter how complex is the molecule guys. The reaction only happens at what place guys? At the double bonded carbon skies. Okay? Now if I put the numbers into one. two carbon dyes and I'm going to place the missing hydrogen dyes. Okay, now we can react to what are we adding next? What are we adding? H plus, let's say, V or minus dyes. Now, do we have... So, if I say it's a monophonic oxidation, the H2O2 is going to be the monophonic oxidation. H plus goes to which carbon? The first carbon or the second carbon? The second carbon, right? According to the Molconi-Kauff's rule, the electrophile goes to the carbon that has more number of hydrogen stacks. Therefore, this crop will get the H plus and the B1 will go to that carbon. So, simply... So that's what I'm saying is we understand the concept, it is very easy guys. All you have to know is this concept guys. If you understand one of these reactions from neurons, all the reactions will follow same trend guys. Simply we are adding two groups across the double-pointed carcinogen. Those groups which groups you are adding depending on your reagent guys. My reagent is HPR, therefore I'm adding the HPR. Okay, yeah. What is the outside? What is the outside? You can see that in the cell of the camera space, yeah. Okay? Alright? You are in all. Now let's work on the second example, guys. Now again, this is the all key. Again, is it the symmetrical all key or the asymmetrical all key, guys? It's the asymmetric, right? That means both the columns are the same. I'm going to put a little one and two. guys. Now, look at the liaison, guys. What is my liaison? HbO and also have the taroxet, right? So that means is it 1-phonic oxidation or the anti-morphonic oxidation? Anti-morphonic oxidation, right? So when you say anti-morphonic oxidation, the H plus will go to which carbon guys? More number of hydrogens or less number of hydrogens guys? Less number of hydrogens, right? First carbon or second carbon? Second carbon. First carbon, right. Carbon here, second carbon. Therefore, we write the product. This is how we can draw the product lines. Do you agree guys? So now you understand the RegeoCell activity. RegeoCell activity means for the incoming reactant. if it has more than one places to go, if it is selective which is in one place over the other place, it's called regioselective reactions bias. So this electrophiliculation is a regioselective bias. Hydrohalazonation is decided by the presence or absence of peroxide. If you don't have the peroxide in the reaction mixture, the electrophile will choose the carbon that has more number of hydrazines. Whereas if you have the peroxide in the reaction mixture, the electrophile will choose the carbon that has the less number of hydrazines. Understand that concept? We changed the first stage of reaction. Now, we understand the concept. Now the question that we have to ask is why? Why, like you know, the electrophile is going to the carbon that has a more naprophile, doesn't it? Why not to the other carbon? That is where the mechanism comes into the picture, guys. Okay? So, let's explain the mechanism. Let me explain the mechanism. Okay, so this reaction, the electrophilic elation reaction, proceeds via the carbocation intermediate phase. So to understand this mechanism, you have to know the stability of carbocation. Now, what is the link of carbocation and rise? Carbon with a positive charge, right? Now, do you all remember the stability of carbocation and rise? Which carbocation is more stable, guys? So if I want to remind you, let's say if I have like a tertiary, secondary, and the primary, among the tertiary carbocation versus secondary versus primary, which carbocation is more stabilized? Tertiary carbocations, right? And even before, even on top of the tertiary, you remember what you call this one, guys. What do you call this one? secondary this one primary and this one simple metal so this is the the decreasing order of carbon capacitor the stability of carbon capacitor the tensile carbocatans are more stable than allelic, tertiary, secondary, primary guys. Do you remember the topic is called resonance and the hyperconjugation guys? The benzylic and allelic carbocatans stability can be explained based on the resonance because we have seen the resonance right there. Whereas the tertiary, secondary and primary carbocatans stability is explained based on the hyperconjugation guys. Anyhow, that is not going to exist in all of them, but that makes me the mechanism class. So, we know that the tertiary carbocatides are more stable than the secondary and the primary guys. And this electrophilic addition reaction proceeds via the carbocation intermediate guys. So, whatever the rule that I am telling you right now, this is universal rule for all the organic chemistry reactions guys. any reaction, if you have an intermediate always wants to proceed by other the most stable intermediate guys see we have more than one type of intermediate is possible and whichever the path that is giving you the most stable intermediate the reaction proceeds in that path guys If we have any organic reaction and if we have an intermediate is forming that reaction, less or more than one intermediate, and whichever the intermediate is more stable and the reaction proceeds in that path. How does that applicable to our theory guys? Let's see here. So, I am going to take this example, same example guys. So, first I am going to add the hydrogen to the carbon with more hydrogen. This mechanism is very important. Make sure that you understand this mechanism. The first step is to use this carpet guys. Okay, now I'm going to say, you're getting the same molecule, I presume, yeah? Okay, now, it's fine. So I want to end this time. I'm going to add one. Now, pay attention here guys. In the first edition, I am adding the hybrosene to this carbon and I am getting this carbocation, guys. Whereas in the second edition, I am adding the hybrosene to this carbon so that I am getting this carbocation, guys. Can you tell me what type of carbocation is the first one, guys? Is it primary, secondary or the cesarean, guys? This is a secondary carburetor. What about this one guys? Is it primary, secondary or tertiary guys? Tertiary. So tertiary right? How many carbons are there guys? One, two, three right? So this is a tertiary carbon catain guys. What about this one guys? What about this one? This one? Tertiary. How would you say tertiary guys? Oh, that's secondary. So hydrogen right guys? So carbon and carbon right? So since it is attached to only two carbons, then it is considered secondary carbon. So when you compare the stationary carbocation versus the secondary, which is more stable guys, this is more stable, therefore this is reaction procedure, this mechanism, but now this mechanism. That is how we can explain the resistive activity. Markovnikov's addition, right? Yeah, okay. He is a scientist. When he is performing this reaction, he realizes that the electrophile is going to the carbon with more hydrogen. So that is what... Now he has to come up with an explanation, right, why it is happening. Yes. Now he is saying that, hold on, so this is, definitely he knows that the oil is rich in the electrophiles, right, because they are the, they have more electrons, definitely those electrophiles, this carbon is grabbing the… H plus ions so that it is getting the tertiary copper cation. And this copper also has possibility to grab those hydrogen. But if it is grabbing, it is producing more of the same. It is like the same thing guys. In California, we got it. getting only like say 100,000 whereas in Florida you are getting 200,000 guys which one do you choose the same thing so one is giving you the more stability over the other guys that is why this proceeds well Now once you have the positive charge, in the second step, the Br- will enact the second carbon and get the final product. So this is how we can explain why the LF profile chooses the carbon with more hydrogens rather than the less hydrogens guys. This is the Montgomery curves addition guys. Any questions on that one guys? So in front of you, you don't have to try to move? Which one? You don't have to try to move. Yeah, because the second step is the second step. Once you've found the corpus callium, the VR minus will attack that one, and you'll get the final product. Now you can ask me, what happens, what speciality happens when you have the peroxide? Because when you have the peroxide, it proceeds via a different mechanism, right? So that is why, that mechanism you will learn in the chapter 9, sorry, 10 guys. It proceeds via the... radical mechanism because the peroxis will produce the radical skies okay so you know we will explain radical mechanism in the chocolate guys okay so it's a different mechanism right now just learn what is the monoconic solution and antimicrobial solution and how you can draw the for the structure of the tires. Okay. All right. The same thing in the extended and posted instrument. All the same. Now let me do some examples guys. I'm going to put up the practice problems. Let's do some examples here. New word. Yeah, it is. New today. Oh, late in class one. Late in class one, okay. In the first section we have that, right? Yes. All right. To do that, I have to explain this command. So let's do it again. So first let me do one example, simple example. I'll do that for you, okay? I'm going to do one example. Now let's work on this example, guys. Now, this is my, as I said, it doesn't matter how much complex is your molecule, just focus only on these two carbons guys, right? I put them as like one and two guys. Now, what are we adding guys? because we are in what are we adding? H plus and the Br minus guys. Now is it mercury cox addition or anti-mercury cox addition guys? Why it is mercury cox addition guys? Because we don't have any kind of offset right? Therefore this is mercury cox. When I say it's a Morpholing Cox edition, which carbon will get the H plus cap? The first carbon or the second carbon? The second carbon, right? According to the Morpholing Cox edition, the LF profile, H plus ions for the carbon with no hydrogens, and the B1 minus ions for the carbon with less hydrogens cap. Let's go. If I draw the product. Just find answers, okay? The head should go to this condom. The other one should go to this one here. And this one here. This one here, right? Is it good, guys? Oh, I made a mistake, right? Right there, the Br- should go right there. This should be Br and this should be hypersensitize. So, if I make the mistakes, please let me know guys. Okay? This is how we can draw the peroxide. Okay? So, if you have the peroxide, it's exactly the opposite guys. Alright? Now... that is the regio selectivity guys now let's move on to the posterior chemistry guys the superior chemistry means like the three dimensional structures right there's rs compost again Now let's take a guess. Again, same thing. Hydroxene. Hydroxene is there. This is the hydroxene. I put the numbers like one and second. Now what are we adding next? H here, right? So H plus. and the Cl- bias. So according to the rule, do we have peroxide or no peroxide? No peroxide, they put the monoholic oxidation, the H-plus goes to the first carbon and the second carbon to the second carbon. Cl-1 is going to this carbon. Now this is what lies here. But if you pay attention here, once you found this one, what is this one, guys? This is the chiral center, right? What's the meaning of chiral center, guys? Chiracanthic. Four different groups, right? Glowing, hydrosine, metal, and metal groups, guys. So that means we are generating a chiral... and whenever they are generating viral center, they are meant to be down to enantiomastastic. You know? That protein should be either benched, or protein should be down, the down guys. These two compounds are same, but if They are different, right? So now, here the question is, are we going to get this one or this one, or both of them together? So, that is how, this one we call as the posterior chemistry of the product guys. Because, we are discussing about how the posterior is in this side. I am going to explain like what are we going to get, either this one or that one, positive chemistry. So what is the intermediate, guys, in this reaction? What is intermediate? Like in the first you say, what do we get, guys? If I draw the mechanism, what is happening here? Just take the H plus side. I'm taking the L right in the L1. L is in. L is in for L is in. So this is my intermediate, right, guys? Right? Now I'm going to put my L in. Now what is the hybridization of this carbon bias? No, I am not talking about what type of carbon can be in this one. What is the hybridization? When it is a hybridization, it is sp, sp2, sp3 like that. We will not know. Always whenever there is a hyperization, you will always refer to the steric number. Right there, the steric number is equal to the number of sigma bonds plus the number of gross weight sky. Right? How many sigma bonds do you have right there? One, two, three. Right? It has three sigma bonds and does it have any low phase guys? No. Therefore, it needs three. What is hybridization guys? SP2. Any carbocation, it is always SP2 hybridization guys. Now, when you say it is SP2 hybridization, what is the molecular geometry guys? The geometry of the shape? Good question. Lock the light. We want that. It's a triangle, right guys? It's a triangle. Okay? Okay? So when you see this SP geometry, this convocation is like a triadinal panel like this one guys. Okay, I have the central carbonate right here, and all the remaining will be like this. Okay, so now I have like this one. Now what's the second step, guys? The second step, the attack of the Cl- right? Cl- should attack on this carbon, guys. Now I have a carbon positive charge right there. Now the Cl- right, so this is my Cl-. It has to attack this carbon, guys. So it can come either from the top, which is where you are at, guys, if it is coming from the top. If the chlorine is on top, is it red or dash? It's red, right? All this red means close to a great gas. Top. If it's chlorine comes from the bottom, dash. Therefore, it has two equal parts. When I want to have the planar or conch of tachyon, the incoming chlorine can come from the top or it can come from the bottom. That is why you will get both of these products. So, there is a carbocation which is intermediate, it is a planar molecule. So, it can come from the top, it can come from the bottom. That's why we get both of these mixtures, 50% of this one and 50% of this one. And what you call this one guys, when you have 50% of one compound plus 50% of other compound. You remember that? I'm going to remind you of the name guys. Do you know how to word this one right? Resume, make sure. We heard the word, but we don't know the word. Oh, okay. It's called resume. So, in this example, in this edition, you will always get the recipe. mixture as your product class. First of all, we are generating the carbocadia which is plain or so in the second step the incoming nucleobalance, the Cl- it can come from the top which is the wedge, it can also come from the bottom which is dash. Therefore, 50% of that, 50% of that which is the breast milk mixture class. So is that only because we have the speed hybridization? Yes, or when you have the carbocatia, because carbocatia is a recipe hybrid. position with a plane arch. Okay? So, so I'm going to stop right here guys. When we come back on Monday and we do more examples, then we're going to... Okay? so please go ahead and do the garbage for all those guys yeah um okay what about the first face it's on yeah i did not ask i did not oh that's okay i'm gonna reopen around the um money

And any chemical reaction, if you want to check how fast or how it happens, we know that thermodynamics and kinetics are the best. So kinetics will decide how fast the reaction is happening. Terminologies will tell you whether the reaction is spontaneous or not spontaneous. It means, can it happen or not happen?

And in the work on the general chemistry, So the factor that will decide the spontaneity, there are three things, right? The delta G value, the change in the energy value, delta S, change in entropy, and delta H, change in enthalpy values. Among these three, the delta G value is the highest priority, the change in the energy.

So, if I remind you if delta G is equal to negative value and if delta S is the positive the change in entropy and if delta H is the negative. So these are the ideal conditions for the spontaneous bias. And on the other hand if delta G is false to delta S is negative and delta H is false to and these are the non-spontaneous conditions guys.

Okay, if you have the priority and it says the delta G value is the highest priority, okay, and the formula for delta G is equal to delta H minus G delta S is equal to A, which equals both the enthalpy term as well as the entropy term values, okay, and From the previous semester when we were talking about the elimination reactions, when we were studying the E1 and E2 elimination reactions, you realize that the higher the temperature, the elimination is more difficult. Right? You know the elimination requires...

the higher temperatures. Let's see why it requires higher temperatures. So, we have taken my example here. So, this is simple all key and this is the hypercorded gaseous.

They are adding the hypercorded gaseous to this all key guys. And they are checking what factor, the enthalpy factor or the entropy factor is favorable for the edge reaction. You see, in order to do all this, just try to... understand the summary of these calibration facts. Okay?

So they calibrated the delta H value for this reaction, and they find out that delta H value is negative. Okay? Therefore, according to delta H, it is spontaneous or non-spontaneous types. spontaneous, right? Because in the entire, it is needed to react in spontaneous bias.

So, what they can say is that with respect to the enthalpy, the gradient enthalpy, that additional reaction is spontaneous bias. Okay? Now, let's see based on the entropy bias, the perspective of the bias.

Now, next slide. So, we can remember this also I discussed guys, right? So, there are, just by looking at the chemical reaction, we are able to predict the sign of the delta S guys.

Not sure how many of you remember. So, one of them is 8 number of products Day to day number of reactants in the 5 days that causes positive bias. And also if the cyclic compound is adverse to the reaction.

open shape compound eyes then also delta c so basically delta is is an indication of entropy guys it's nothing but the freedom okay the freedom is increasing basically the stability when these guys okay so if we have the number of products reactants, delta S is positive. If you are converting a cyclic compound into an open chain compound, then also delta S is positive. But if you look at here, I have two starting units, I have two reactants, and I have only one product case. That means the number of reactants This is less than the number of products. In that case, what is the delta S-value?

Delta S-value should be the negative value. So with respect to the change in entropy, this reaction is spontaneous and non-spontaneous. So when you say delta S is negative, the reaction is not spontaneous.

So the reason why delta S is negative is because you are converting more number of reactants into less number of products. So therefore the delta S is negative. So the same additional reaction with respect to enthalpy, it is spontaneous.

With respect to entropy, it is non-spontaneous. Did you say that delta G... The highest value.

The highest value, yes. Predicting the spontaneous. So if you know the delta G value, delta X value, and delta H value, you have to do the highest value for the delta G value.

Okay? So here, the addition reaction is saying that it is spontaneous with respect to the enthalpy, and non-spontaneous with respect to the entropy values. So therefore, usually, when you say entropy, entropy always associates associated with the temperature bias. We have the higher the temperature, higher the entropy. So therefore, to decrease the entropic effect on this reaction, these additional reactions are usually favored at the low temperature space.

On the other hand, the backbone reactions are the delimitation reactions. So if you see this is a... The forward reaction, right?

Forward reaction is an additional reaction, okay, which refers at low temperature so that the enthalpy is dominating at low temperature and the backward reaction, which is favored by the entropy, it refers to high temperature. So this will The dominant practice is the delphalage. This one is directed by delphalage.

These will be at the higher temperature, the entropy is the dominating factor, therefore the energy is going to happen. So in this chapter, as I said, all the reactions will be the energy reactions, therefore if you pay attention to the reaction... the initial skies will always see the low temperature reactions.

So that is how we can explain why the initial reactions require low temperatures, whereas the elimination reactions require high temperatures. So with that basic understanding, now let's move on to the actual reaction studies. Keep in mind, all the reactions that we study in this chapter except the only one reaction, all additional reaction studies.

That means we will be adding two groups, two substituents across the double-polycarbon studies. depending on the type of reaction those groups will be chelicitis. Okay?

So, first reaction that we study is high stroke, hallucination guys. The name is simplificating. Hydro means H.

Aluminum means any hydrogen, right? Fluorine, bromine, iron. So basically, you will be adding HX across the double bond gas, okay? So H plus and X minus X plus. This is the correlation between chlorine and bromine on the hydrogen gas.

Now before going to in detail let me explain you guys a little bit. Whatever the reactions that we study here, these are called as a electrophilic everything we have transpires. These were linked, all keys and all kinds undergo addition reactions and if I want to be more specific they were electrophilic addition reactions guys.

Now, can you tell me what is the meaning of electrophile guys? Can you give some examples for electrophiles? Any electrophile? Electro-file.

Do you know that? Electro-file means basically, electro means electrons, right? File means basically, loving guys. Okay, which team loves electrons guys? All of us do, right?

We know that the opposite charges, ions, attract each other. I'm saying electron loving means negative charge loving species. okay so usually all the ions get all the positive charge ions that you know h plus and o2 plus okay all is any ion with the positive charge they usually call as a electrophile Do you know this one, right?

So, the electrophiles and the ring-profiles, right? So, especially when you talk about the subtraction of the ring-profiles. We will learn about that in a second. So, electrophile means electron-loving species that is an individual...

as a loving species, it will all the positive ions love the negative ions, right? And for any positive ion, it's considered as the electrophile guys. I think H+, NO2+, C, C+, guys.

So, now, what I'm saying is that the all key means undergo electrophilic addition reactions. That means they extract the electron profiles. Can you tell me why they extract the electron profiles?

When I'm saying that they are extracting the electron profiles, they are extracting all these positive triad DNA cells. Why? Because they are reaching electron cells. See?

They have a high amount of electrons. It takes out to each electron cell. These electrons, okay, bounce down and positively charge the amino acids. So because of that, all the unsaturated compounds, especially the alkynes and all kinds, they will undergo the electrophilic addition reaction. Okay, is it clear guys?

So now in this case, when I am saying the highly growth hallucination, this is my electrophile right there, so in the first step, we will be adding down X plus guys. Okay, alright, so now if you think I'm pushing here, guess I'm going to write the example here. I goes in, I goes in, right? As I said, in all these reactions, we are adding two groups, sometimes it might be the same groups, or sometimes it might be different groups, across the double bonded carbon slabs. Now, if you pay attention, this carbon and this carbon, they are the same on different guys.

Let me say what if I have this carbon and this carbon lies. They're identical or not identical guys? They're identical, right guys?

Therefore, so when you are adding, it doesn't matter which carbon is getting hydrogen or H+, and which carbon is getting the, in this case, the hydrogen, the R-. Right guys? So because let's say if I'm adding the H+, right there, the R- right there. Even if I add the other way around, you know, the Vr minus 5 here and the H plus 5 there.

This one and this one, they are now the same compound size, okay? So, now, this is called as the symmetrical octane bias. Do you know what symmetrical octane means? Okay? So, symmetrical octane means this one.

Mine here exactly. This is reflecting on the same on both sides. Right there. It's symmetrical all things.

This carbon and this carbon are identical. Therefore it doesn't matter which carbon is getting the hydrogen and which carbon is getting the halogen atomized. But sometimes I will say, see here guys, you get this carbon, this non-ferrous, this also. So now, this carbon and this carbon are the same or different guys?

These two are same or different? They are different. Now the question is, which carbon will get the hydrogen and which carbon gets the halogen? That is the problem. Do you guys understand the scenario guys?

If the all key is symmetrical, we don't care which carbon is getting the hydrogen and which carbon is getting the halogen. Neither way, we will get the same answer guys. But whenever we have the two carbons at a different, the question is, which carbon is getting the hydrogen and which carbon is getting the halogen? That is what we call as a Regio Selectivity.

Question is, you have a node, ok? Which term is given for that? That is where the concept for that Regio Selectivity comes into the picture. Let me explain you what is the easiest way to take this test.

Let us say you graduated and you applied for a job. And now you got two offers. One is from the program.

Let us start with one from the California. Now you can choose two regions guys, Florida versus California. But let's say you choose the Florida over the California.

That means you choose the Florida region. So let's call region selective. So here also, the incoming earth profile, the H class, can choose either this carbon or this carbon guys.

But if selective uses one carbon over the other carbon, let's say one one region or the other region. That is why it is called as a regioselectivity virus. And that regioselectivity of these addition reactions is explained by the Morconi-Koch's virus. So according to the Morconi-Koch's rule, it's the name of the scientist's virus, according to the Morconi-Koch's rule, whenever you are performing the electrophilic addition reactions, The error profile, that means the positive nature of the species, We'll go to the carbon that has more number of hydrogen skies.

Let me repeat the statement, guys. Whenever you are doing the electrophilic addition reactions, if you have two carbons that are not the same, like in this example, these two carbons are not the same, the electrophile, the positively charged ion, will go to the carbon that has more number of hydrogenous values. Okay?

So, if that is the case, see? This is my all-in, right guys? So whenever you have the all-in, let's put all the hydrogen without moving it into the excess. This carbon has 100% and this carbon does not have any hydrogens, right?

So when I am adding the... H plus, and then the same, the Br minus, according to the what it says guys, the electrophile goes to the carbon that has more number of ions, right? So this carbon will get dark one, and Br minus will go to this carbon.

So the only product should be hypozyn. Do you guys understand this equation somehow? So this is my original all team guys.

I have this carbon and this carbon. I have an hydrogen and one carbon. I have an bromide and other carbon.

If I have both the carbons are same, we don't have any problem. Now these carbons are different. One carbon has one hydrogen. The second carbon does not have any hydrogen.

Now how do we know which carbon is getting H plus and which carbon is getting Br minus? That is dictated by Markovnikov's law. What he is saying is that any of these reactions, the energy profile, means whichever is having the positively charged ion, that will be added to the carbon that has the lower number of hydrogen cysteine.

This carbon has one hydrogen, this carbon has zero hydrogen, right? Therefore, So the next place we go to this carbon, and here my support factor. Let me do one more example. That is the Morphoid Concentration.

The other one is, if I want to have the opposite one, that means, let us say, if I want to have the hydrogen should go to the carbon that has a less number of hydrogen, simply you have to put the peroxide guys. And that is what we call it the anti-morphonic ox aeration guys. And you see here, the same on kimbasi. This is my alkyn dyes.

Now can you guys tell me, so this carbon and this carbon, they are the same on a friend dyes. They are different dyes, right? Do we have any hydrogens?

Let me put the next one. Do we have any hydrogens on carbon number one dyes? No. What about the carbon number two dyes? I have two hydrogens dyes.

So let us say, if I don't have the peroxide in the reaction mixture dyes, If I simply have the HBR, which we call as a Marconi constellation, does this myosin go to the first carbon or the second carbon? The second carbon, right. If I don't have anything right, it does.

That is a Marconi constellation. Now the peroxide in the reaction mixture, this is what we call the anti-molecular coaxial aeration types, which is exactly opposite to what we learned in the previous slide. So when you have Now the peroxide, now the LF profile, the H plus will go to the carbon with less hydrogens and the Br minus will go to the carbon with more hydrogens. Exactly opposite what we call as the anti-morphicose addition class. So this is what we call as the regioselectivity class.

Means for the given LF profile, if it has two places to go, So, like for you to go to either Florida or... or the California, like you are choosing the Florida versus California, the same way here, the electrophile is choosing one place or other place bias. That is what we call the regiocelectivity.

And the regiocelectivity explained based on the Morphonic Oxidation bias. So if you don't have anything in the reaction except the HDR, the reaction of the Morphonic Oxidation, there now, electrophile will go to the congenital Morphitis bias. But as soon as you included the peroxide in the reaction mixture, it will change bias, okay?

Now the L profile will go to the carbon with less hydrogens, and the Br- will go to the carbon with no hydrogens. Reason is, okay, because these two reactions will pursue where? Different mechanisms, guys.

I'll explain you in a bit, guys, what are the mechanisms, guys. Because right now, just understand when you have the asymmetrical arc here, the two parts are different, so this is how the LHU happens, guys. The ratio is 73, guys.

Any questions guys? Yes please. Can we have peroxide and carbon monoxide? Can we have peroxide and carbon monoxide? If you have peroxide that is called as and carbon monoxide.

If you simply have only HPR that is called as carbon monoxide. Okay? Alright. Let's do this example guys.

Let me get over here. Let's work on this one guys. Okay, alright. Now, you can pay attention here. See here guys.

Now this is always, remember it doesn't matter how complex is the molecule guys. The reaction only happens at what place guys? At the double bonded carbon skies. Okay? Now if I put the numbers into one.

two carbon dyes and I'm going to place the missing hydrogen dyes. Okay, now we can react to what are we adding next? What are we adding?

H plus, let's say, V or minus dyes. Now, do we have... So, if I say it's a monophonic oxidation, the H2O2 is going to be the monophonic oxidation.

H plus goes to which carbon? The first carbon or the second carbon? The second carbon, right? According to the Molconi-Kauff's rule, the electrophile goes to the carbon that has more number of hydrogen stacks.

Therefore, this crop will get the H plus and the B1 will go to that carbon. So, simply... So that's what I'm saying is we understand the concept, it is very easy guys. All you have to know is this concept guys.

If you understand one of these reactions from neurons, all the reactions will follow same trend guys. Simply we are adding two groups across the double-pointed carcinogen. Those groups which groups you are adding depending on your reagent guys.

My reagent is HPR, therefore I'm adding the HPR. Okay, yeah. What is the outside? What is the outside?

You can see that in the cell of the camera space, yeah. Okay? Alright?

You are in all. Now let's work on the second example, guys. Now again, this is the all key.

Again, is it the symmetrical all key or the asymmetrical all key, guys? It's the asymmetric, right? That means both the columns are the same.

I'm going to put a little one and two. guys. Now, look at the liaison, guys. What is my liaison? HbO and also have the taroxet, right?

So that means is it 1-phonic oxidation or the anti-morphonic oxidation? Anti-morphonic oxidation, right? So when you say anti-morphonic oxidation, the H plus will go to which carbon guys? More number of hydrogens or less number of hydrogens guys? Less number of hydrogens, right?

First carbon or second carbon? Second carbon. First carbon, right.

Carbon here, second carbon. Therefore, we write the product. This is how we can draw the product lines.

Do you agree guys? So now you understand the RegeoCell activity. RegeoCell activity means for the incoming reactant. if it has more than one places to go, if it is selective which is in one place over the other place, it's called regioselective reactions bias. So this electrophiliculation is a regioselective bias.

Hydrohalazonation is decided by the presence or absence of peroxide. If you don't have the peroxide in the reaction mixture, the electrophile will choose the carbon that has more number of hydrazines. Whereas if you have the peroxide in the reaction mixture, the electrophile will choose the carbon that has the less number of hydrazines. Understand that concept?

We changed the first stage of reaction. Now, we understand the concept. Now the question that we have to ask is why? Why, like you know, the electrophile is going to the carbon that has a more naprophile, doesn't it?

Why not to the other carbon? That is where the mechanism comes into the picture, guys. Okay? So, let's explain the mechanism.

Let me explain the mechanism. Okay, so this reaction, the electrophilic elation reaction, proceeds via the carbocation intermediate phase. So to understand this mechanism, you have to know the stability of carbocation.

Now, what is the link of carbocation and rise? Carbon with a positive charge, right? Now, do you all remember the stability of carbocation and rise?

Which carbocation is more stable, guys? So if I want to remind you, let's say if I have like a tertiary, secondary, and the primary, among the tertiary carbocation versus secondary versus primary, which carbocation is more stabilized? Tertiary carbocations, right?

And even before, even on top of the tertiary, you remember what you call this one, guys. What do you call this one? secondary this one primary and this one simple metal so this is the the decreasing order of carbon capacitor the stability of carbon capacitor the tensile carbocatans are more stable than allelic, tertiary, secondary, primary guys.

Do you remember the topic is called resonance and the hyperconjugation guys? The benzylic and allelic carbocatans stability can be explained based on the resonance because we have seen the resonance right there. Whereas the tertiary, secondary and primary carbocatans stability is explained based on the hyperconjugation guys.

Anyhow, that is not going to exist in all of them, but that makes me the mechanism class. So, we know that the tertiary carbocatides are more stable than the secondary and the primary guys. And this electrophilic addition reaction proceeds via the carbocation intermediate guys.

So, whatever the rule that I am telling you right now, this is universal rule for all the organic chemistry reactions guys. any reaction, if you have an intermediate always wants to proceed by other the most stable intermediate guys see we have more than one type of intermediate is possible and whichever the path that is giving you the most stable intermediate the reaction proceeds in that path guys If we have any organic reaction and if we have an intermediate is forming that reaction, less or more than one intermediate, and whichever the intermediate is more stable and the reaction proceeds in that path. How does that applicable to our theory guys?

Let's see here. So, I am going to take this example, same example guys. So, first I am going to add the hydrogen to the carbon with more hydrogen. This mechanism is very important.

Make sure that you understand this mechanism. The first step is to use this carpet guys. Okay, now I'm going to say, you're getting the same molecule, I presume, yeah? Okay, now, it's fine.

So I want to end this time. I'm going to add one. Now, pay attention here guys.

In the first edition, I am adding the hybrosene to this carbon and I am getting this carbocation, guys. Whereas in the second edition, I am adding the hybrosene to this carbon so that I am getting this carbocation, guys. Can you tell me what type of carbocation is the first one, guys?

Is it primary, secondary or the cesarean, guys? This is a secondary carburetor. What about this one guys? Is it primary, secondary or tertiary guys? Tertiary.

So tertiary right? How many carbons are there guys? One, two, three right? So this is a tertiary carbon catain guys.

What about this one guys? What about this one? This one?

Tertiary. How would you say tertiary guys? Oh, that's secondary. So hydrogen right guys? So carbon and carbon right?

So since it is attached to only two carbons, then it is considered secondary carbon. So when you compare the stationary carbocation versus the secondary, which is more stable guys, this is more stable, therefore this is reaction procedure, this mechanism, but now this mechanism. That is how we can explain the resistive activity.

Markovnikov's addition, right? Yeah, okay. He is a scientist.

When he is performing this reaction, he realizes that the electrophile is going to the carbon with more hydrogen. So that is what... Now he has to come up with an explanation, right, why it is happening.

Yes. Now he is saying that, hold on, so this is, definitely he knows that the oil is rich in the electrophiles, right, because they are the, they have more electrons, definitely those electrophiles, this carbon is grabbing the… H plus ions so that it is getting the tertiary copper cation. And this copper also has possibility to grab those hydrogen. But if it is grabbing, it is producing more of the same. It is like the same thing guys.

In California, we got it. getting only like say 100,000 whereas in Florida you are getting 200,000 guys which one do you choose the same thing so one is giving you the more stability over the other guys that is why this proceeds well Now once you have the positive charge, in the second step, the Br- will enact the second carbon and get the final product. So this is how we can explain why the LF profile chooses the carbon with more hydrogens rather than the less hydrogens guys. This is the Montgomery curves addition guys. Any questions on that one guys?

So in front of you, you don't have to try to move? Which one? You don't have to try to move.

Yeah, because the second step is the second step. Once you've found the corpus callium, the VR minus will attack that one, and you'll get the final product. Now you can ask me, what happens, what speciality happens when you have the peroxide? Because when you have the peroxide, it proceeds via a different mechanism, right? So that is why, that mechanism you will learn in the chapter 9, sorry, 10 guys.

It proceeds via the... radical mechanism because the peroxis will produce the radical skies okay so you know we will explain radical mechanism in the chocolate guys okay so it's a different mechanism right now just learn what is the monoconic solution and antimicrobial solution and how you can draw the for the structure of the tires. Okay. All right.

The same thing in the extended and posted instrument. All the same. Now let me do some examples guys. I'm going to put up the practice problems. Let's do some examples here.

New word. Yeah, it is. New today.

Oh, late in class one. Late in class one, okay. In the first section we have that, right?

Yes. All right. To do that, I have to explain this command. So let's do it again. So first let me do one example, simple example.

I'll do that for you, okay? I'm going to do one example. Now let's work on this example, guys. Now, this is my, as I said, it doesn't matter how much complex is your molecule, just focus only on these two carbons guys, right? I put them as like one and two guys.

Now, what are we adding guys? because we are in what are we adding? H plus and the Br minus guys.

Now is it mercury cox addition or anti-mercury cox addition guys? Why it is mercury cox addition guys? Because we don't have any kind of offset right? Therefore this is mercury cox.

When I say it's a Morpholing Cox edition, which carbon will get the H plus cap? The first carbon or the second carbon? The second carbon, right? According to the Morpholing Cox edition, the LF profile, H plus ions for the carbon with no hydrogens, and the B1 minus ions for the carbon with less hydrogens cap. Let's go.

If I draw the product. Just find answers, okay? The head should go to this condom. The other one should go to this one here. And this one here.

This one here, right? Is it good, guys? Oh, I made a mistake, right? Right there, the Br- should go right there.

This should be Br and this should be hypersensitize. So, if I make the mistakes, please let me know guys. Okay?

This is how we can draw the peroxide. Okay? So, if you have the peroxide, it's exactly the opposite guys.

Alright? Now... that is the regio selectivity guys now let's move on to the posterior chemistry guys the superior chemistry means like the three dimensional structures right there's rs compost again Now let's take a guess. Again, same thing.

Hydroxene. Hydroxene is there. This is the hydroxene.

I put the numbers like one and second. Now what are we adding next? H here, right?

So H plus. and the Cl- bias. So according to the rule, do we have peroxide or no peroxide? No peroxide, they put the monoholic oxidation, the H-plus goes to the first carbon and the second carbon to the second carbon.

Cl-1 is going to this carbon. Now this is what lies here. But if you pay attention here, once you found this one, what is this one, guys? This is the chiral center, right?

What's the meaning of chiral center, guys? Chiracanthic. Four different groups, right?

Glowing, hydrosine, metal, and metal groups, guys. So that means we are generating a chiral... and whenever they are generating viral center, they are meant to be down to enantiomastastic.

You know? That protein should be either benched, or protein should be down, the down guys. These two compounds are same, but if They are different, right? So now, here the question is, are we going to get this one or this one, or both of them together?

So, that is how, this one we call as the posterior chemistry of the product guys. Because, we are discussing about how the posterior is in this side. I am going to explain like what are we going to get, either this one or that one, positive chemistry. So what is the intermediate, guys, in this reaction? What is intermediate?

Like in the first you say, what do we get, guys? If I draw the mechanism, what is happening here? Just take the H plus side.

I'm taking the L right in the L1. L is in. L is in for L is in. So this is my intermediate, right, guys? Right?

Now I'm going to put my L in. Now what is the hybridization of this carbon bias? No, I am not talking about what type of carbon can be in this one. What is the hybridization?

When it is a hybridization, it is sp, sp2, sp3 like that. We will not know. Always whenever there is a hyperization, you will always refer to the steric number.

Right there, the steric number is equal to the number of sigma bonds plus the number of gross weight sky. Right? How many sigma bonds do you have right there? One, two, three.

Right? It has three sigma bonds and does it have any low phase guys? No.

Therefore, it needs three. What is hybridization guys? SP2.

Any carbocation, it is always SP2 hybridization guys. Now, when you say it is SP2 hybridization, what is the molecular geometry guys? The geometry of the shape?

Good question. Lock the light. We want that.

It's a triangle, right guys? It's a triangle. Okay?

Okay? So when you see this SP geometry, this convocation is like a triadinal panel like this one guys. Okay, I have the central carbonate right here, and all the remaining will be like this.

Okay, so now I have like this one. Now what's the second step, guys? The second step, the attack of the Cl- right? Cl- should attack on this carbon, guys.

Now I have a carbon positive charge right there. Now the Cl- right, so this is my Cl-. It has to attack this carbon, guys.

So it can come either from the top, which is where you are at, guys, if it is coming from the top. If the chlorine is on top, is it red or dash? It's red, right? All this red means close to a great gas.

Top. If it's chlorine comes from the bottom, dash. Therefore, it has two equal parts.

When I want to have the planar or conch of tachyon, the incoming chlorine can come from the top or it can come from the bottom. That is why you will get both of these products. So, there is a carbocation which is intermediate, it is a planar molecule. So, it can come from the top, it can come from the bottom. That's why we get both of these mixtures, 50% of this one and 50% of this one.

And what you call this one guys, when you have 50% of one compound plus 50% of other compound. You remember that? I'm going to remind you of the name guys.

Do you know how to word this one right? Resume, make sure. We heard the word, but we don't know the word.

Oh, okay. It's called resume. So, in this example, in this edition, you will always get the recipe. mixture as your product class.

First of all, we are generating the carbocadia which is plain or so in the second step the incoming nucleobalance, the Cl- it can come from the top which is the wedge, it can also come from the bottom which is dash. Therefore, 50% of that, 50% of that which is the breast milk mixture class. So is that only because we have the speed hybridization? Yes, or when you have the carbocatia, because carbocatia is a recipe hybrid. position with a plane arch.

Okay? So, so I'm going to stop right here guys. When we come back on Monday and we do more examples, then we're going to...

Okay? so please go ahead and do the garbage for all those guys yeah um okay what about the first face it's on yeah i did not ask i did not oh that's okay i'm gonna reopen around the um money

Transcript for:Reaction Conditions and Regioselectivity

Transcript for:
Reaction Conditions and Regioselectivity