Summary of Lecture on Ugo Foscolo
Today's lecture covered the life, works, and philosophical influences of the Italian writer Ugo Foscolo, also known as Niccolò Foscolo. Born in 1778 in Zante, Greece, he lived a life deeply intertwined with the political upheavals of his time. His works reflect a profound exploration of classical ideals, existential crises, and patriotic themes.
Detailed Notes
Early Life and Education
- Birth: 1778, Zante, Greece.
- Parents: Father was a Venetian doctor, mother was Greek.
- Education: Initially in Spalato (Split, Croatia).
- Relocation: Moved to Venice after his father's death.
Political Influences and Ideals
- Jacobian and Libertarians: Foscolo was influenced by these ideals around 1797 when Napoleon's army approached Venice.
- Role in Government: Served as the provisional secretary of the new government in Venice.
- Disillusionment: Became disillusioned after the Treaty of Campo Formio was signed, surrendering Venice to the Austrians.
Literary Career
- Move to Milan: Met influential figures such as Giuseppe Parini and Vincenzo Monti; contributed to various journals.
- Key Works:
- 1798: Wrote "Le ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis," an epistolary and autobiographical novel highlighting his philosophical and existential crises.
- 1803: Published poems like "A Zacinto," "Alla Musa," and "In morte del fratello Giovanni;" clear examples of Neoclassical style.
- 1807: Wrote the poem "Dei Sepolcri," inspired by a Napoleonic edict banning burials within city limits, reflecting on death and the symbolic meaning of tombs.
Later Life and Exile
- Florence (1812): Wrote "Le Grazie," an unfinished poem composed of three hymns dedicated to Venus, Vesta, and Pallas – a celebration of classical ideals of virtue and beauty.
- Post-Napoleonic Era: Left Italy in 1815 due to disillusionment, moved first to Switzerland then to London.
- London Life: Struggled financially, worked extensively in journalism, published literary essays on Petrarch and Dante demonstrating exceptional literary criticism.
Death
- Died: 1827, Turnham Green, England, at the age of 49.
Contextual Insights
- Foscolo's works and thoughts were significantly shaped by the turbulent political landscape of his time. His early enthusiasm for Napoleonic reforms gradually turned into disillusionment, which profoundly influenced his literary output.
- His exploration of classical themes amidst personal and national crisis reflects a deep commitment to both literary and philosophical ideals, making his works enduring subjects of study.