Lecture Notes: Pectus Excavatum - Symptoms and Causes

Overview

• Pectus excavatum is a condition where the breastbone is sunken into the chest.
• Can affect heart and lung function if severe.
• Often visible shortly after birth; may deepen over time.
• Known as "funnel chest."

Symptoms

• Slight dip in the chest, which may deepen during puberty.
• Possible symptoms include:
  • Fast-beating or fluttering heart.
  • Chest pain.
  • Decreased endurance over time.
  • Shortness of breath or extreme tiredness during exercise.
  • High-pitched breathing sounds during physical activity.
  • Fainting or dizziness.
  • Frequent upper airway infections.
  • Concerns about chest appearance.

When to See a Doctor

• If symptoms worsen or chest appears more sunken, seek medical advice.

Causes

• Exact cause unknown.
• Possible connection to irregular connective tissue (cartilage) development.
• Genetic factors may play a role.

Risk Factors

• Family history of pectus excavatum.
• Conditions like Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or osteogenesis imperfecta.
• Genetic syndromes such as Noonan or Turner syndrome.

Complications

Heart and Lung Issues

• Severe cases can restrict lung expansion and squeeze the heart.
• Symptoms may include reduced exercise capacity, fast heart rate, and chest pain.

Self-Image Concerns

• May lead to hunched posture and flared ribs.
• Stress over body appearance; avoidance of activities that reveal the chest.

Treatments

• Surgery can improve symptoms and appearance but isn't necessary for everyone.
• Alternatives include physical therapy and medical devices.

Key Takeaways

• Pectus excavatum is a physical condition that can have significant physical and psychological impacts.
• Early detection and consultation with healthcare professionals are crucial for managing symptoms and addressing any associated complications.