Stages of Group Counseling

Lecture by Dr. Grande on the characteristics and dynamics of the five stages of group counseling.

Overview

• There are different stage models in group counseling.
• The five-stage model is popular: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning.
• Each stage has synonymous names.

Stage 1: Forming

• Alternative Names: Orientation, Initiation, Exploration.
• Characteristics:
  • Members establish group norms and identify with others.
  • Dependency on facilitators; trust is low, defensiveness high.
• Facilitator Role:
  • Set a positive tone, provide structure, and encourage participation.
  • Techniques: Introductions, personal descriptions, express hopes/concerns, explain ground rules.

Stage 2: Storming

• Alternative Names: Transition, Conflict, Confrontation.
• Characteristics:
  • Increased conflict, frustration, and anxiety.
  • Members seek control and dominance, challenge facilitators.
• Facilitator Role:
  • Be non-defensive, model productive conflict resolution.
  • Conflict is crucial; regulate it to ensure development.

Stage 3: Norming

• Alternative Names: Cohesion, Plateau.
• Characteristics:
  • Increase in support, acceptance, self-disclosure, trust.
  • Members seek closeness and emotional attachment.
• Facilitator Role:
  • Reinforce trust-building behaviors, prevent subgrouping.
  • Encourage progress toward the next stage.

Stage 4: Performing

• Alternative Names: Working, Production.
• Characteristics:
  • Focus on individual goals, supportive criticisms.
  • Possible regression to earlier stages.
• Facilitator Role:
  • Decrease activeness as group member activity increases.
  • Model appropriate confrontation and comment on group processes.

Stage 5: Adjourning

• Alternative Names: Termination, Mourning.
• Characteristics:
  • Increased anxiety, fear, feelings of abandonment.
  • Desire for closure and resolution of unfinished business.
• Facilitator Role:
  • Affirm accomplishments, review strategies for progress.
  • Summarize group experience, offer follow-up referrals.

Additional Points

• Stages are not always distinct or sequential.
• Transition between stages can be fluid; multiple stages may exist simultaneously.
• Useful for understanding group dynamics and facilitator actions.

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If further questions or concerns arise, Dr. Grande is available for assistance.