Biological Macromolecules Lecture Notes

Overview

• Biological macromolecules are essential nutrients required for life.
• They are large molecules (polymers) made from smaller organic molecules (monomers).
• This lecture explores types of macromolecules, their formation, and functions.

Prelude to Biological Macromolecules

• Food provides nutrients required for survival.
• Critical nutrients include biological macromolecules.
• Types of macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Classes of Biological Macromolecules

3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

• Four major classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
• Important cell components, contributing to most of a cell's dry mass.

3.2 Carbohydrates

• Essential part of the diet; found in grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Provide energy through glucose.
• Have additional functions in humans, animals, and plants.

3.3 Lipids

• Diverse group of nonpolar compounds mostly hydrocarbons.
• Hydrophobic (water-fearing) and insoluble in water.
• Functions include energy storage, insulation for plants and animals.

3.4 Proteins

• Abundant organic molecules with diverse functions.
• Functions: structural, regulatory, contractile, protective, transport, storage, membrane functions, toxins, and enzymes.
• Cells contain thousands of proteins, each with a unique function.

3.5 Nucleic Acids

• Essential for the continuity of life.
• Carry the genetic blueprint and instructions for cell functioning.

Additional Resources

• Exercises and additional material available for deeper understanding.

This content is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license by OpenStax.