Overview
The lecture explains the concept of constitutional monarchy, comparing it to absolute monarchy, and discusses its characteristics, modern debates, and global presence.
Definition and Characteristics of Constitutional Monarchy
- Constitutional monarchy is a government where a monarch is head of state but limited by a constitution.
- The constitution may be written, unwritten, or a mix of both.
- Unlike absolute monarchy, the monarch does not hold all state power and must follow constitutional rules.
- Monarchs in constitutional monarchies mainly perform ceremonial and symbolic roles.
- Legislative power is typically held by an elected parliament, not the monarch.
- Monarchs may have reserve powers, used only during emergencies or crises.
Comparison with Absolute Monarchy
- In an absolute monarchy, the monarch has complete power and is not bound by a constitution.
- Constitutional monarchy limits monarchs legally and politically, distinguishing it from absolute rule.
Modern Perspectives and Debates
- Critics argue constitutional monarchy is outdated or anachronistic.
- Supporters believe it provides continuity and stability during changes in elected governments.
Global Examples of Constitutional Monarchies
- Sixteen Commonwealth countries, including Jamaica, Canada, and New Zealand, have the British monarch as head of state.
- European examples: Sweden, Belgium, Spain.
- Asian examples: Malaysia, Japan, Bhutan.
- African example: Morocco.
- Middle Eastern examples: Jordan, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Constitutional Monarchy — A system where a monarch acts as head of state under the limits of a constitution.
- Absolute Monarchy — A system where the monarch holds all governing power without constitutional limitations.
- Ceremonial Role — Duties performed mainly for symbolic or traditional purposes.
- Reserve Powers — Special powers for use by the monarch during emergencies or constitutional crises.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review examples of countries with constitutional monarchies.
- Compare constitutional and absolute monarchies in a short summary.