What is Characterization: Understanding Characters in Film

Introduction to Characterization

• Characters are essential in narrative films, impacting both filmgoers and pop culture.
• Characterization refers to how a filmmaker builds and reveals a character.

Definition of Characterization

• Defined by Robert McKee as the sum of all observable qualities of a human being.
• Includes age, occupation, sexuality, personality, and point of view.

Importance of Characterization in Storytelling

• Essential for storytelling by revealing true character through details.
• Can be direct or indirect.

Direct Characterization

• Definition: Telling rather than showing character qualities.
• Examples in Film:
  • Voiceover as a tool, though often avoided for risk of lazy filmmaking.
  • Objective details such as appearance and attire.
    • "Mulholland Drive": Adam's attire contrasts with others to show his Hollywood creative persona.
    • "Legally Blonde": Elle Woods is introduced as vain and shallow through her appearance.
    • "The Irishman": Costuming highlights generational differences.
  • Setting as Direct Characterization:
    • "Se7en": John Doe’s apartment reveals his obsessive nature.
    • "The Incredibles": Edna Mode’s estate shows her success and preference for minimalism.
  • Cinematography:
    • "Dune": Using lighting and fog to enhance Baron Harkonnen’s mysteriousness.

Indirect Characterization

• Definition: Revealing character through behavior and actions.
• Key Point: Actions reveal true character under pressure (Robert McKee).
• Examples in Film:
  • "Captain America": Steve’s actions reveal his true superhero nature.
  • "Pirates of the Caribbean": Jack Sparrow’s introduction shows his underdog nature.
  • "There Will Be Blood": Daniel Plainview’s actions demonstrate his relentless ambition.
  • "Star Wars": Han Solo’s actions contrast with his self-serving dialogue.

Dialogue in Characterization

• Direct Characterization through Dialogue:
  • "The Social Network": Mark Zuckerberg’s ambition is shown through his dialogue.
  • "Lord of the Rings": Gollum’s dialogue shows his internal conflict.
  • "Before Sunrise": Characters described through each other’s eyes.

Case Study: "Casablanca"

• Rick Blaine’s character is developed using various characterization techniques.
• Reputation established through other characters before his appearance.
• His actions and dialogue emphasize his moral struggles and eventual selflessness.
• Rick’s character journey makes "Casablanca" iconic.

Conclusion

• Characterization is crucial in revealing characters to audiences.
• Effective characterization, whether direct or indirect, combines action, dialogue, appearance, and more.
• Good characterization leads to good screenwriting.