Overview
This lecture covers the differences between specialist and generalist species, focusing on their ecological tolerance, adaptability, and risk of extinction.
Specialist Species
- Specialist species have narrow ecological tolerance, needing specific habitats and food sources (e.g., red panda, panda bear, koala).
- They are highly sensitive to environmental changes and disturbances.
- When their specific resources are threatened, specialists cannot adapt easily to new conditions.
- Specialists are more likely to become endangered or extinct due to their limited adaptability.
Generalist Species
- Generalist species have broad ecological tolerance and can thrive in a wide variety of environments (e.g., raccoon).
- They can utilize diverse resources, making them adaptable to changes in habitat and food availability.
- Generalists often have a competitive advantage in constantly changing ecosystems.
- Because of their adaptability, generalists are less likely to go extinct and more likely to become invasive.
Comparison: Specialists vs. Generalists
- Specialists are advantaged in stable, constant habitats; generalists excel in environments that frequently change.
- Generalists' adaptability allows them to outcompete other species, increasing their invasive potential.
- Specialists' narrow niche makes them vulnerable to environmental disturbances and invasive species.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Specialist Species — species with narrow ecological tolerance and specific habitat or dietary needs.
- Generalist Species — species with broad ecological tolerance and the ability to utilize diverse resources.
- Ecological Tolerance — the range of environmental conditions a species can endure.
- Invasive Species — non-native species that spread widely and outcompete native species.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice explaining the difference between specialist and generalist species in a short written response.
- Identify one characteristic of specialist species and explain why it increases extinction risk.