a blessed day to everyone now we are on the discussion of the introduction to criminology the very first subject being thought in the first semester first year of those who are taking a bachelor of science in criminology but before we go to the topic let us begin with a quotation from no less than lao chu the father of taoism he said watch your thoughts they become your words watch your words they become actions watch your actions they become habits watch your habits they become a character and watch your character because it becomes your destiny so there is truth on that quotations that everything that what we become is a product of our thoughts that are repeatedly going on through our mind that becomes the basis of our words and words that we repeatedly utter it becomes the basis of our actions and actions that is done repeatedly becomes a habits and that habits forms part of our personality that we cannot just easily change now let's proceed to the subject matter itself introduction to criminology okay and yours truly dr ariel de la cruz manusok would like to present to you the topic introduction to criminology with all these backgrounds as you can see i have listed here some of the bureaus or agencies of the government which are actually the very bureaus or agencies that accepts graduates of criminology but take note these are not all these are just some of the agencies of the governments that will accept or that will cater graduates of criminology with opportunity for job placement okay so champion and philippine national police have been number one bureau of jail management and penology the bucor the bureau of fire protections and the others okay now there are questions that normally comes to our mind what is covered by the course okay by the way for purposes of clarification the word course is the one that is usually used or properly used when we are talking about the subject okay the word program is referring to the course itself that we are used to called course which is bs criminology bs criminology is actually not course it is more of what we call a program okay the courses are the subjects that we are taking under the course under the program of the bs criminology so under the introduction to criminology these are the lessons these are the subjects that we are going to discuss the lesson one will cover criminology its nature origin concept and including the division or scope of its study the second lesson will focus on the historical development of criminology education focusing more on the people behind the development of the so-called classical neoclassical and the positivist school because the different theories will be separately discussed under the juries of crime causations okay which is another subject under the program of bs criminology the third lesson is focus on crimes its nature and classifications both under the legal and the criminological sense the fourth lesson focuses on criminals definitions concepts and its classifications and the fifth will be on the sociology of law dealing with introduction to the criminal law and the historical development of our criminal law and in the world and the sixth is introduction a little introduction about criminalistics and a little introduction about law enforcement administration so basically these are the lessons that we are going to take up but we will just focus now on the lesson number one to begin with lesson one criminology is origin nature and scope of study for every lesson it's better that we have to outline some learning objectives now these are the guidelines that will serve to facilitate the learning of our students specifically on a particular lesson for purposes of lesson one we have here three objectives okay so as learners you have to take note of these learning objectives why simply because these are the things that we hope that you will learn and put in your mind at the end of the lesson so if this objectives were not fulfilled it means there is lacking or there's failures in the process of learning this lesson number one first to know and to understand the concept and the nature of what criminology is and second identify and explain the tree broad division of the study of criminology and lastly is determine the scope of the study and discuss the various fields related to the subject criminology now let us have some questions first what is criminology if you will ask somebody with the with the question what is criminology most likely they will just simply say oh it's a study of crime okay but we will go through with a more broader sense or discussion of this later on second question what comes first in your mind when somebody told you that they are taking bachelor of science in criminology normally if someone tells you that they are taking a bachelor of science and criminology you will think that they are aiming to become a law enforcers right yes because actually that is the basic knowledge that is the basic understanding of people around that when you took up criminology your primary objective is to become a foolish man oh sorry policeman rather third what is the usual reaction of people when you say to them that you are taking bachelor of science in criminology as your chosen program just like in the second question but this time you are the one asked of your course and you said no net course program that you are taking a bachelor of science in criminology what is the usual reaction of the people around normally people will say oh police and that's what i actually experienced when i took up bs criminology every time that people ask me i don't call sumo and i say criminology they will always react oh police but sad to say they just know a little of what criminology really is all about okay so now let's formally discuss the contents of the lesson okay let's begin by knowing the origin the etymology or the etiology of the word criminology based on dictionary the word criminology was derived from a latin word grimein which means accusation and the word lohiya which means to study so in literal sense it means that criminology is the study of accusation meaning it deals with the study of how people or persons are being accused or charged for the commission of a crime but historically before the word criminology came to existence there are some words that are first used which is said to be the foundation of the word criminology as a matter of fact as early as 1885 through the effort of an italian criminologist in the person of raphael garofalo he was able to crafted the word criminology this is an italian word okay we said to be the source or origin of the word criminology that we are using right now and later on after two years a french word criminology was introduced by french anthropologists in the personal poll topping art and then it was only in the early 20th century or 1924 that the english word criminology was finally crafted by none less than the so-called dean of criminology in the world edwin zuderland who is also known as the person behind the elaborated or broad definition of what criminology is and that is usually being memorized by students taking up criminology course now after knowing after knowing the origin of the word let's go now to the very essence of the word as stated by edwin zuderland criminology is defined as the entire body of knowledge regarding crimes as a social phenomenon it includes within the scope the process of making law the breaking of law and the reaction towards the breaking of the laws you will notice in the presentation that the study of the process of making law is followed by the statement sociology of law okay well the statement the study of breaking of law is followed by criminal ethology and the reaction of our society towards the breaking of the law is followed by the word penology that is actually the three broad divisions of criminology based on the definition crafted by edwin suderland but this definition is the sociologically broad definition of what criminology known to many criminologists now but aside from this definition there is now a legal definition of criminology and this was defined under the new law the republic act 11131 otherwise known as the philippine criminology profession act of 2018 which states that criminology refers to the scientific study of crimes criminals and victims it also deals with the prevention and the solution of crime you will notice that in this definition a new edition is actually emphasized and that is the word victim which is not a focus of many criminologists in the past but with the new or with the advent of many modern studies they now included the study of victim as a component part of the study of criminology okay now for better understanding we have to know the nature of what criminology really is okay to some criminology is a study of crime that is true for the classical for those who first studied crime focus on the legal concept later some people define it as study of crimes and criminals they include criminals now because that is the product of the positivists that men are different from one another despite the fact that all men has free will or have the free will they committed a crime by reason of so many factors which are unique to every individual and later on comes the victims that makes now the new legal definition of criminology in the philippines okay so now let's discuss the branches of criminology generally there are three branches of criminology to deal with one is the criminal ethiology which is the study of the cause or origin of the crime or it is also defined as the study of the primary reason for crime commission or in simple statement it is simply the study of crime causation meaning what causes men to commit crimes actually this subject or branch will be discussed in a separate course which will be the so-called tourists of crime which will be covered in another semester okay so this entails a lot of theories both the old and the modern curious that are studied by people generally divided into three concept no the biological the psychological and sociological which later on intertwined or mixed up together okay the second division or branches of criminology is the sociology of law it is the attempt a scientific analysis of the condition which the panel or criminal law has developed as a process of formal or social control now there are two concepts of this one is how the law is created in our society and second is what condition this laws creates in our society as it is implemented okay so this will be covered towards the end of our uh entire course and the third one is phenology actually penology is derived from the latin word puena which means penalty and logia which means study so literally penology is the study of penalty but it's more than that why because penology is a branch of criminology focus on the study of the prevention of crime and delinquency as a form of social reaction to criminality and as we know in order to prevent crimes aside from addressing the causes of crime we also address the fact that crimes are being committed by people so we have to prevent them from further committing the crime that's why penalty is being studied as to how it can effectively deter the commission of further crime and that is covered by epidemiology some people misunderstood phenology as jail management but for clarification panology and jail management are two different aspects okay that's why if you look at the name of the bureau we have the bureau of jail management and the conjunction uses end penalty which means that jail management and penology are two different aspects of the bureau let's proceed to the study of the nature of what criminology study is for better and easy recall let's use an acronym and what is the acronym send each letter of this word sand stands for one of the four characteristics of what a criminology study is so let's start with letter s and what is that stands for it means that criminology is a social science now this is very very true why because criminology is actually a son of sociology why because as defined by edwin sutherland crime is a social phenomenon meaning angry men which means to say for us to be able to understand crying we need to study the society and the behaviors of the people living in that society why because no society is free from crime and crime is a normal part of every society according to emil darkhim the father of modern sociology okay and very simple explanation crime is committed in the society okay so if there is one institution that should first battle against crime it is the very society itself the people who live in that society although in our criminal justice system the community lands only as the fifth pillar because the first pillar is the law enforcement okay so that is the concept that criminology is a social science because study of crimes involves the study of society is also known as an applied science why it is called unapplied science for a practical reason we don't just study criminology just for us to know why crimes are committed and how crimes are being committed and how to solve crime but definitely once a crime is committed we have to do something out of it that's why we have soccer we have criminal investigation we have criminalistics or the so-called instrumentation in criminal investigation and what is that it's simply means the application or the use of whatever knowledge together with the tools or instruments of modern sciences in order to solve crimes in order to appreciate how and why crimes are being committed and to be able to craft policies in order to prevent further commission of these crimes and to be able to reduce if not totally eradicate its existence in our society so criminology is an applied science definitely because what we learn requires application as a matter of fact the true importance of learning is by its application let's go now to the third nature of what criminology is and according to our textbooks criminology is nationalistic from the word nash nation okay what does it mean that the study of criminology depends on this the nature of the country or state that we are dealing with why because we know that different countries may have different sets of laws and crimes depends on the law existing in the country as what the latin maxim said no long prime nu la puena cine lege tagalog well okay so that is very simple explanation why criminology is nationalistic before you can truly understand criminology crimes and criminals you have to learn the law of nation of your nation why because by knowing the law you can easily understand crimes and you can understand better what elements or what constitutes the commission of a certain crime and in our country the main and the primary source of our criminal law is the revised spinal code which is actually a revision of the spanish panel code that were adopted by us and later on modified when we are already under the american regime the last okay the last in the nature of criminology is that criminology is dynamic that's letter d and dynamics simply means in one word change what does it mean okay there is nothing permanent in this world well upon and as a matter of fact some people say that the only thing that is constant is changes contradictions anyway let's discuss this very clearly because this is us in the board exam criminology is dynamic for the reason that our societal condition changes so with the crimes as our societal conditions change our standard of living change our laws may also change and changes in our laws will cause us changes in the study of our what crimes this is very true when i was studying criminology way back 1993 1993 we don't have this transnational crime we don't have this subject organized crime and we are not talking about cyber crime because during our time indi internet internet computer lotus one two three okay world star well youtube yeah you geez i'm sorry sorry that's bad internet uh service providers they are not crime before when we were studying criminology our teachers only taught us of two elements of crime to exist and that is what desire and opportunity but now teachers not teaching criminology discusses three elements for a crime to exist and they are desire opportunity and capabilities to the division actually i already discussed the division short kanina no and that criminology has three major the sociology of law the criminal ethiology and the panology so it's very clear that these three road divisions were patterned from the definition of criminology that was actually crafted by edwin sutherland okay but as i said the concept of penology and sociology of law will be discussed in another course now let's talk about the scope of the study okay so there are three broad scope one the study of origin and the development of our criminal law because there is no crime without a criminal law second the study of causes of crime this is the study of the reasons behind the commission of a crime what turns men to commit a crime and third study of the different factors that enhances the development of criminal behaviors okay and to cover that these are some of the related studies that we have to go through in order to understand better what criminology is actually criminology is a multi-disciplinary program why because it's not a product of only one subject or a course it is a blending a mixture of a different field of studies such as sociology law okay psychology anthropology basta my g no those are different kinds of study now of the reasons for the development of criminal behavior they are as follows one criminal demography so every time you encounter the word or title with two words you always begin defining the second word like in this instance we have the word demography so demo means people per population so demography deals with the study of population so when we study population in relation to criminality that is criminal demography okay from the word demo which means people it's very true that in many populated places crime is prevalent for a simple reason the more people the more possibility of conflict will exist and the more possibility for the reasons for a crime to come to be committed against one another second is criminal epidemiology epidemiology deals with the study of environment okay take note environment is the focus of epidemiology the physical surroundings and we know that we learn from our surroundings okay in other words they use the term milieu okay in the board exam but if you check that in the thesaurus meleu means surrounding so that is what epidurmology when you study the physical surroundings in relation to the kinds of crimes being committed in that place now there is one confusing term here and that's criminal ecology because some people misconcepted ecology with environment they are not exactly the same why because ecology is more concerned about the distribution in the environment or in the community that's why when we speak of ecology we are not talking only about the physical surroundings we are also talking about what are there in the physical surroundings and what are their relationship to each other just like for instance why in the farm no we should not kill all snakes if we will eliminate all the snakes then all the rust or the rats in the farm will be a victorious one and only because so that speaks of what environment no we are talking of what ecology because we are not just talking about the physical surroundings but we are also talking of what is there and how they are properly placed or distributed the seventh one is the physical anthropology actually this is the one that was studied by charles darwin the the writer of the jury of evolution of species which was followed by cesar lombroso that's why he has the concept of uh atavistic stigmata no in identifying criminals so it'll be based on the physical appearance of men from head to toe okay we have criminal psychology but simply the study of human behavior in relation to criminality and a more deeper one the criminal psychiatry the study of human mind in relation to criminality here we focus on the different kinds of mental disorder and how we could address so that we can help people recover from it and how we can protect the society from this kind of people okay so practically those are just some of the very relevant studies connected to the field of criminology and lastly we have victimology which is a new additions and this will be discussed in a separate lesson so that's it for the lesson one thank you and i hope you learned from this presentations and don't forget to go back to the learning objectives if we did not accomplish the objectives then it means we have to go further we have to research and anyway that is the very foundation of criminology research okay so let's start learning how to research so that we can discover more we can learn more and hopefully we can put what we learn into actual usage for the benefits of all and not just for the benefits of a certain group of people see you on the next lesson god bless