all right let's break tradition and right away have you write down Admiral Adama Admiral Adama a d m a all right the subject of today's lecture is the nomenclature of acids all right so you sit down in an exam and you see the two compounds shown here facing you on an exam how do you name them well the first thing you have to do in order to name acids is recognize when you have an acid there are two big clues that you have an acid the first is a is a hard and fast rule to name something as an acid the first element in the compound must be hydrogen that's your big clue that you have an acid that's a rule not going to be violated right so you're always going to ask yourself when naming compounds is my first element hydrogen if the answer to that question is the first element hydrogen is a yes then that means you have an acid there's another clue that's kind of annoying one when it comes to naming acids if you look at these two examples of an acid both of these have hydrogen as the first element and both have the parenthesis with an AQ after it when you're being pinky fingers out very formal very um rigid in your Chemistry notation and your Chemistry nomenclature rules you always write acids in the aquous phase uh matter of fact some books will make a real big deal out of it until you you name things a different way if they're not in the aquous phase remember our definition of acids defined acids is anything that loses a proton or loses a hydrogen ion in the aquous environment and therefore some people will view the nomenclature rules very strictly that you should only name something as an acid when it's in the aquous environment Therefore your textbook at least for one chapter will be very rigid about whenever they write an acid having it in the aquous phase which means you'll see these parentheses here with the letters a q for it meaning aquous or dissolved in water all right so how do we name these let's take them one at a time well let's not all right let's go back to our question map here rather is our first element for each of these compounds here hydrogen yes so we know we have an acid the next thing we consider when it comes to naming acids is do we have an oxoanion present what in the world is an oxoanion you probably can guess it from the name an annion remember is a negatively charged ion and what is Oxo probably refer to oxygen so an Oxo anion is an anion that contains oxygen all right so so let's start with looking at this compound over here is the first element hydrogen yes does it contain an Oxo iion no so the rules for naming acids without an oxion ion so your rule for o acids with no oxygens is to use the prefix hydro and the suffix i acid so here I have hydrogen and I have bromine so what I'm going to do is I'm going to use the prefix Hydro the root bromo but instead of putting IDE there I'm going to put ick whoops I'm going to put ah I'm going to put ick acid so this would be hydrobromic acid all right so that's how you name acids that don't contain oxygen what about ones that do is the first element hydrogen yes is an oxoanion present yes right because we have hydrogen as our first element so we have an acid then we see oxygen here so our rule for naming acids with oxygen is as follows change eight to ick change it to us so what you're really doing here is you're identifying the name of this polyatomic ion just as a quick refresher because I'm sure it's that's all it is that you've sat there working your index card since the last time we spoke and you recognize that that is the bromate ion there right br3 negative the bromate ion according to our rule to name this compound as an acid I'm going to change 8 to I so bromate is going to become brome I acid notice how similar the two names are we have hydrob bromic acid we have bromic acid the way you tell them apart is that prefix there the most common mistake I see on exams is people want to overuse this Hydro whenever you use the word Hydro you don't have oxygen present hydrobromic acid bromic acid all right let's take a look at a lot more examples of each category but before we do that why don't you write down Starbuck write down starbu s t a r bu u c k starbu all right let's name acids without oxygen whenever we have acids without oxygen we use the prefix hydro and the suffix i acid so we see hydrogen as our first element so we have an acid we don't have oxygen so we use the prefix Hydro the root and then the suffix i acid so that would be hydrochloric acid down here we have hydrogen we have fluoride we don't have oxygen so once again we use the prefix hydro and the suffix i acid so hydrochloric acid here's a Twist here's a new one we have hydrogen combined with cyanide do we have oxygen no we don't have oxygen so we're going to use that prefix Hydro we're going to drop that IDE suffix right that's what we are dropping from our Flor fluoride up here and our chloride up here so we drop the I ID IED from cyanide to make it cyanic acid so we have hydrocyanic acid hydr Floric acid hyd hyd chloric acid chemistry is easy life is hard yes all right oxygen containing acids for oxygen containing acids we're going to change I8 to ick I to us so let me put up dueling examples here I have this compound right here and I'm going to draw a related compound for you I look at this compound I have hydrogen as my first element so I have an acid I have oxygen so that means I have an oxygen containing acid so I have to identify my polyatomic ion and change I eight to ick and I to us cl3 I'm sure you remember is Chlor for eight and I change eight to ick how I remember this is I asked my 5-year-old what happened to the cookie I left on the table and he told me I ate it I ate it I ate it right I ate it so eight becomes ick no prefix so eight becomes ick so I have chloric acid over here I have hydrogen I have oxygen but this time my polyatomic ion isn't chlorate it's the polyatomic ion is chlorite Right chlorite cl2 Nega and according to our rule we're going to change I to us so this is going to become Chlor us acid because we change it to us so when you're naming an oxoanion you pay attention to the polyatomic ion it's made from and change eight to I I to us for example down here I have hydrogen so I have an acid I have oxygen so I know my rules are as follows so I need to identify my polyatomic ion again you've memorized that as carbonate and we change8 to ick so it's going to become carbonic acid one last one to round this off once again we've got hydrogen we have oxygen so we need to identify our polyatomic ion we've memorized that as hypobromite we change it to us so the acid would be hypo brome us acid chemistry is easy life is hard yes all right let's go the opposite direction going name to formula going name to formula the procedure is pretty straightforward first of all when you're going Nam to formula it's really easy to tell when you have an acid because you see the word acid there so let's take a look at an example you're told you need to write the formula for sulfuric acid step one identify the annion well we see the name sulfuric do we have the prefix Hydro no prefix Hydro there since there's no prefix Hydro there we know that we have a since there's no prefix Hydro we have an oxy an ion then we see that it ends in ick so that means it was replaced with eight right eight becomes ick so ick becomes eight so we have the sulf fate ion as the base for building our acid the next thing we're going to do is we're going to add one hydrogen ion for each negative charge sulfate has a two negative so we have to add one hydrogen ion for each negative charge we have so we have two negative charge so we need to add two hydrogens making our acid h2so4 and then to make the pinky out crowd happy we have to add that phase diagn that phase um designation AQ in parenthesis so that is sulfuric acid and I would point out the reason I'm I'm saying that so cynically is you'll discover your own textbook violates this AQ designation rule quite a bit after this chapter um but that's just something to point out there um now try hydroiodic acid all right this time we see the prefix Hydro that means no oxygen so all we have to do is identify the element right we have I IOD and I and if you can't figure out the element remember I replaced IDE right so IO died was our element it has a negative-1 charge so we're going to have to add one hydrogen to it so it makes the World's friendliest acid hi there and remember our AQ chemistry is easy life is hard why don't you write down Boomer write down Boomer b o o m e r write down Boomer all right your turn before you listen any far please please I'm begging you try these on your own right please try these on your own all right did you try them on your own sure you did because these look like fun all right so let's go through them we have acids here because it's hydrogen it contains oxygen so now we just need to identify the poly the oxoanion io2 negative is iodite I becomes us so I Odis acid next we have hydrogen and Florine no oxygen there so we use the prefix hydro and the suffix IC so hydrochloric acid and I think I Ed that as my example on two slides ago so I hope you got that one just like I hope you got this one as you can guess there's a limited number of acids I can ask you about um ah here's a good one we have nitrous acid do we see the prefix Hydro no so we know we have an oxygen containing acid us comes from I so we have the Knight trit ion which you've memorized as NO2 negative you need to add one hydrogen for every negative charge and then you need to make sure you add that AQ so we have nitrous acid hydrob bromic I did that on the first slide so I hope you got it all right that's it be chemistry's easy life is hard