Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Incorrect floral whorl names:

   • Options: (a) Androecium & Sepal (b) Corolla & Sepal (c) Carpel & Sepal (d) Androecium & Carpel

2. Embryo sac to ovule as _______ is to anther:

   • Answer: Pollen grain

3. Arrangement in a complete, bisexual, hypogynous flower:

   • Options:
     • (a) Calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium
     • (b) Calyx, corolla, gynoecium, androecium
     • (c) Gynoecium, androecium, corolla, calyx
     • (d) Androecium, gynoecium, corolla, calyx

4. Reasons a dicotyledonous plant may not produce fruits/seeds:

   • Options include plant types and flower types (e.g., dioecious vs. monoecious)

5. Outermost and innermost microsporangium layers:

   • Answer: Epidermis and tapetum

6. Meiosis in microsporogenesis occurs in:

   • Answer: Microspore mother cells

7. Terms associated with gynoecium:

   • Options include stigma, ovule, embryo sac, etc.

8. Sequence of parts in an ovule (innermost to outermost):

   • Options include egg, nucellus, embryo sac, integument, etc.

9. True statements about female gametophyte:

   • Answers: 8-nucleate, 7-celled; free-nuclear during development

10. Conditions for autogamy in chasmogamous flowers:

    • Answer: Simultaneous maturity of pollen and ovules

11. Cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers reproductive behaviors:

    • Statements about autogamy and geitonogamy

12. Pollination adaptations for species with light, non-sticky pollen:

    • Answer: Wind

13. Situation preventing both autogamy and geitonogamy:

    • Answer: Dioecious plant bearing only male or female flowers

14. Structures in a fertilized embryo sac:

    • Answers: Synergid, zygote, primary endosperm nucleus

15. Cells that degenerate post-fertilization:

    • Answers: Synergids and antipodals

16. Irrelevant steps in artificial hybridization for dioecious plants:

    • Answer: Emasculation

17. Homologous structures in dicot and grass embryos:

    • Answers: Cotyledons and scutellum

18. Formation of embryos without fertilization:

    • Answer: Apomixis

19. Megaspore mother cell forms without meiosis:

    • Answer: Diploid nuclei

20. Ovary developing into fruit without fertilization:

    • Answer: Parthenocarpy

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Component cells of the egg apparatus in an embryo sac.
2. Part of gynoecium determining pollen compatibility.
3. Common function of cotyledons and nucellus.
4. Flowchart of pollen development.
5. Stages of meiosis and mitosis in egg development.
6. Pollen tube path into embryo sac and egg apparatus components.
7. Parts of pistil developing into fruit and seeds.
8. Polyembryony: haploid vs diploid embryo development.
9. Diploid embryo development in unfertilized apomictic embryo sac.
10. Three cell types in a pollen grain at three-cell stage.
11. Definition of self-incompatibility.
12. Pollination type in self-incompatible plants.
13. Diagram of mature embryo sac with 8-nucleate, 7-celled structure.
14. Triploid tissue in a fertilized ovule and its formation.
15. Necessity of pollination and fertilization in apomixis.
16. Identification of carpel types using diagrams.
17. Pollination in water plants.
18. Function of male gametes in angiosperms.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Strategies to prevent autogamy in bisexual chasmogamous flowers.
2. Sequential order of events in artificial hybridization.
3. Vivipary’s limitation on offspring numbers.
4. Self-incompatibility's effect on autogamy and pollination method.
5. Diagram labeling for plant reproductive parts.
6. Commercial exploitation of polyembryony.
7. Discussion of parthenocarpy vs apomixis benefits.
8. Zygote division timing relative to primary endosperm cell.
9. Generative cell division in pollen grains.
10. Diagram labeling for male gametes, egg cell, polar nuclei, etc.

Long Answer Questions

1. Diagrams of zygote to embryo development in dicots.
2. Types of pollination in chasmogamous flowers, with reasons.
3. Description and diagram of mature angiosperm embryo sac and role of synergids.
4. Microsporangium diagram, wall layers, and endothecium role.
5. Explanation for diploid cells in apomictic species embryo sacs.