Nature of the Dogra State and the Condition of the Muslims of Kashmir (1846-1930)

Introduction

The Dogra rule in Kashmir was marked by its distinct communal outlook.
Discrimination against Muslims was prevalent, and their religious affairs were interfered with.
The Dogra State was essentially a Hindu State, and efforts were made to expand its Hindu nature.

Kashmiri Pandits, being co-religionists, found it easier to associate with the Dogra regime, while Muslims were marginalized.
P.N. Bazaz, in 1941, termed the Dogra rule as a Hindu Raj, noting that Muslims were treated harshly in certain respects solely because of their religion.
Gulab Singh, in 1850, planned to reconvert Muslims, but this was not supported by Banaras priests as it would dilute Hinduism's purity.
In 1846, restrictions were placed on Muslim religious practices.

The British tolerated the Dogra's communal policies to maintain 'Pax-Britannica'.
Colonel Torrens, who visited during Ranbir Singh's reign, observed a Hindu-centric governance supported by the state.
Temples were erected on Muslim sites to emphasize the Hindu nature of the state.

Numerous Muslim shrines and mosques were confiscated and turned into state property.
Examples of confiscated sites include Pather Masjid, Khanqah Sokhta, Khanqah Bulbulshah, Khanqah Darashikoh, and Idgah.

Dogra Rule: Explored in various papers and studies analyzing its socio-religious and economic impact.
The British influence had mixed effects, with some development but largely for personal gain at Kashmiris' expense.
Harsh taxation policies led to the migration of artisans and ruin of traditional industries like arts and crafts.

Muslim communities initiated reform movements against Dogra brutality and injustice.
These movements played a crucial role in addressing anti-Muslim policies and practices.

The Dogra rule in Kashmir was marked by communal favoritism towards Hindus, marginalizing the Muslim population.
The British influence, while bringing certain economic changes, often exploited Kashmir's resources.
Reform movements emerged as a significant response to the oppressive regime, advocating for Muslim rights and practices.