Alkylating Agents Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Focus on alkylating agents: primarily formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde.
• Alkylating agents work by removing hydrogen atoms and adding alkyl groups.
  • Inactivates enzymes and damages nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Formaldehyde

• Commonly known as an embalming fluid or preservative in dissection specimens.
• Used in a 37% solution known as formalin.
• Can be used as a gaseous disinfectant.
• Not an antiseptic due to carcinogenic properties.
  • Damages living tissues.
• Irritating and can cause skin issues upon contact.
• Key use: preservatives in laboratory specimens.

Glutaraldehyde

• More effective than formaldehyde, used at about 2% concentration.
• Known under the brand name Cydex.
• Functions as a chemical sterilizing agent.

Ethylene Oxide

• Only gaseous sterilant regularly discussed.
• Used for sterilizing packaged materials.
• Formerly used in large sterilizing chambers.

OPA (Ortho-Phthalaldehyde)

• Newer alternative replacing glutaraldehyde.
• Found in newer formulations of Cydex.
• More effective against mycobacterium causing tuberculosis.
• Less irritating and has a less offensive odor.

Conclusion

• Alkylating agents include formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide, and OPA.
• They serve as powerful disinfectants and sterilants, though not suitable as antiseptics due to potential tissue damage.
• Continuous development aims to find agents that are more effective, less irritating, and safer for use.

---

End of Lecture Notes