hello everyone welcome back to learning very NC ter this is our first Ed very good so are you ready yes what do you mean by a solution a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two components homogeneous un composition homogeneous means it has a sorry uniform composition which means comp okay so when we combine a solute with the solvent we get a solution which is homogeneous in nature okay Okay g Solutions liquid stateid solutions solid Solutions so G Solutions liquid solutions Solutions Solutions gous solution oxy nitrogen gas in mixture nitrogen solvent which is a gas oxygen which is also a gas nen gas gas solution water is a liquid sorry gas n a gas solidy okay yesid Solutions liquid solu Sol sorry solvent will be a solid substance okay okay yes okay okay ready soltion solid Solutions liquid solutions G Solutions of solution okay so I will say that this is a concentrated solution highly concentrated solution know why because here the concentration of solute is is very high Sol I can say that this is a dilute solution okay basically amount of solute will that this is highly concentrated solution dilute solution okay qus okay okay fraction okay okay we can use first fraction first one will be mo fraction okay second okay Capital Frac okay third one will be mity okay fraction mity and mity okay ready okay which is mole fraction mole fraction fraction total number of moles soltion total number of number of mes fraction okay toal number fraction number of mes okay total number of toal number of concentration term if I find Hello can can you please say okay yes fraction okay okay fraction fraction of a number of moles of a divided by total number of M of the solution toal number of oftion number number of moles of solvent divided by total number of moles of the solution okay okay number divid total number ofes of the solution Frac second comp number of number ofes of the solute divide sorry M number of moles of the solute NB divided by total number of moles n a plus n okay 16 g nitren 14 G hen number of moles of a 10 10 divided by any total number of moles of the solution to means 10 ID 12 okay fraction of B fraction of so number of mes of bid total number of moles 2 by 12 1 by means fraction a b fraction B okay frac fraction of 1.8 G glucose in 90 G of water okay2 fraction of glucose Mo fraction of C6 h 126 number of moles of glucose divided by total number of moles of the solution okay okay number of number given mass divid by molecular mass. of glucose 1.8 ided 180 0 number of of water given mular here given mass is 90 molecular mass of water is 18 so 90 ided by 18 we get five we get five question sorry M fraction of glucose Mo fraction of glucose the C6 h126 is equal to number of moles of glucose which means 0.01 divided by total number of the so total number of moles of the solution 01+ 5 5+ 01 is equal sorry + 01 5 +1 equal to 5.01 0.01 divided by 5.01 01 divided by 5.01 which is equal to 0.19 0.1 9 in a fraction which means option C will be our answer which we will be discussing on the only okay okay okay number of moles of solute in one L of the solution number meity symb will be very important okay Capal number of M Vol volum okay number number of moles of solute so WB given mass of the solute divided by molecular M of the solity will be number of moles WB divided by MB divided by number of moles of solute given Mass into th000 ided by MB into V volume W given mass of the solute volum of the Sol okay okay given mass of solute MB molecular M okay molecular mass of solute okay V volume of solution volume of soltion okay yes number of moles of solute okay mute for example kilog solvent 100 sorry thog small letter M will be 10 which means small letter equal number of moles of solute divided by mass of solvent mass of solvent in kilog mass of solvent in kilog number of moles in a given mass divided by molecular mass substitute mity equal to WB / MB WB into th000 / MB into sorry W given mass given mass of molecular mass of molecular mass of solute M sorry m m Mo of the which is okay number of moles of solute in one L of the solution Frac fraction okay important solil for example 100 ml solvent 100 ml solvent 100 ml water 100 ml water amount of solute dissolved in particular amount of amute dis of a substance is the maximum amount that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature 1550 nature of the solute and solvent of a solid in liquid solubility of a solid in liquid solid so which means solid in liid solution so okay Sol they C with each other the solute particle get separated out of the solution okay already solute par Sol solute par reaction because Max maximum amount of solute disolve solution equum State no further solute can be dissolved in that state okay okay for example unsaturated solution this is an unsaturated solution solution sorry so we say that it's a saturated solution super super saturated solution but once the temperature is removed okay solution okay parles end okayu so if the dissolution process is endothermic dissolution ution process gas okay gasas gasil of a gas gas sorry Henry Law Henry okay gas in liquid solubility okay solubility of a gas in liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure solubility is solubility is directly proportional to partial pressure okay solubility is directly proportional to no pressure of the gas okay Frac directly proportion fraction directly propor directly proportional to frac very goodal pressure is equal to partial pressure of the gas is equal to KH into mole Henry constant a partial pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solution par pressure fraction directly proportion pressure directly proportional partial pressure is equal to Henry constant into Sol is equal to Mo fraction divided by partial pressure sorry sorry sorry sorry sorry hry law constant is equal to partial pressure divided by mole fraction solubility which means Henry slw constant is inversely proportional to Mo fraction Henry con Henry inversely gastion directly con f PR car applications okay pressure what do you mean by vapor pressure pressure developed above the liquid at a given temperature at equilibrium point EV okay pressure of liquid liquid Solutions liid liquid solutions okay liquid liquid solution P2 PR okay P2 for a solution of volatile liquids volti if a solution vapores liquids the partial vapor pressure is directly proportional to mole fraction pressure is directly proportional to fraction okay VP means pressure directly proportional one first component okay component one partial pressure P1 fraction sorry fraction press P2 fraction Accord P1 proportional to1 partial pressure of the component one is directly proportional to its mole fraction partial pressure of mole fraction directly proportional press FR directly to1 proportion to1 equal P11 P1 P vapor pressure of the solvent pure solvent okay pure solvent pressure of solvent in the solution P1 okay P1 is Vaper pressure of the pure solvent and P one is vapor pressure of the pure solvent and P1 is vapor pressure of the solvent in the solution Mo fraction of the mo fraction of the solvent to2 so P2 is equal to p02 K2 P2 equal to p02 yes P2 pressure of the solute in the pure pressure of solute in the solution solution VAP pressure P2 and fraction of the solute compon so according to P total okay toal p1+ P2 P total equal P1 p p P2 so for solution of liquids the partial paper pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction okay okay fraction pressure parap press component okay Point p pent okay yes Henry dis okay ideal and nonideal solutions ideal Solutions classif Solutions P1 P P2 p02 K2 follow P total is equal to p1+ P volume change the Delta mixing of volume Delta V of mixing volume change during mixing heat CH mixing also will be interaction aaction IDE solution broor okay solutions1 will not be equal to P will not be equal to P P2 will not be equal to p 0 to K2 in P total will not be equal to P1 + volum change during mixing Delta V of mixing will not be equal to zero eny change during mixing Delta h of mixing will not be equal to zero interaction BB inter will not be equal to a interaction Solutions Okay negative posi deviation negative deviation positive volume change during mixing Delta V of mixing will be greater than greater than zero ra vol dur Delta of mixing will be greater than zero a interaction fraction yis y AIS VAP [Music] pressure partial pressure of the one partial pressure of component P2 P1 Jo okay partial pressure of the compon partial pressure of the parti pressure total partial pressure of the solution very very important positive deviation which means everything will be greater what we discussed in Raul's law ready which means P1 P1 P1 less than P1 less than p01 P2 P2 less than p022 P total less p1+ P2 volume change during mixing will be less aaction so what we discussed okay first we are going to draw of one okay partial pressure of the component one okay pressure okay pressure of the component p total which is equal to p1+ P2 comp pressure second netive okay Chlor Nitric water okay ready boiling point around 65 fraction separate Tropic mixtures some liquids on mixing for mot drops which are binary mixes having same compos liquid and Vapor face boil constant temper components tropic mix Mi minimum boiling maximum boiling okay minimum boiling aops minimum boiling aops netive minimum boil minimum boiling AIO drop okay that meim Minx minimum boiling devation maximum boiling property doesn't matter number number glucose number number of andent of its nature property the properties that depends on the number of solute particles irrespective of their nature property property which is very very very very very very very important clear thank you okay okay basic okay vol vol discuss very good mid congratulations I'm so proud of you very good concept the vapor pressure of a solution decreases when a volatile non volatile solute is added to a volatile solute non volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent Rel lowering of VAP pressure depression of freezing point elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure property which depends only on the number of solute particles solute partic prop Rel lowering of vapor pressure okay relative lowering of vapor pressure K1 P1 is equal to p01 K1 okay yes ah yes comp number P1 equal p01 P press will be greater which will be Lal P 01us p1's law P1 is equal to P 01 delal P1 minus P Delta P isal to p01 into 1us K1 Frac which means 1us okay delal P1 into K2 okay delal p01 divided by p01 is equal to K2 relative lowering of vapor okay relative lowering of vapor pressure P1 equal fraction of the solute J yes hi J pass fraction of the fraction number of moles of solute divided by total number of solution for dilute solution so N2 will be so number of moles of solvent n one will be greater greater greater than N2 dilute solution for dilute Solutions solute number of = to N2 / N1 Delta P / by P1 equal N2 N1 number given mass of given Mass solute given mass of solute w given mass of solute divid by molecular mass of solute given mass of the of yes Delta P divided by Delta P divided by P 01 is equal to Delta P / p01 equal P1 equal n22 M2 W W2 into M1 ided M2 into W1 okay of the which means M2 is equal to of the M2 M2 isal M2 equal p01 into W2 into M1 all divided by Delta P1 into relative lowering of vapor pressure relative lowering of VAP pressure molecular mass of solute P1 vapor pressure of pure solvent solvent W given mass of given mass of moleular mass of Del change in VAP pressure W mass of given mass of solvent so entirely reling ofing freezing point for F okay solution solution soltion okay okay okay freeing okay p soltion pure solvent freezing point TF solution freezing Del tfal tus T delal tus the depression of freezing point depression in freezing Point okay okay okay okay for dilute solute Sol okay for dilute Solutions dilute solutioning me directly proportional Delta TF is directly proportional toity constant sorry proportional sorry T TF sorry T KF depression constant M depression constant cryoscopy Sor cryoscopic constant okay Del tfal KF Al K WB into th000 ided Mb into w a number of of solute W2 into th000 divided M2 into W1 so we get delal KF into W2 into th000 ided M2 into W1 M2 so we say that M2 is equal to M2 is equal to KF into w 2 into th000 whole divided by whole divided by Delta TF into W sorry molecular of the M2 is equal to M2 equal KF into W2 into th000 whole divided by delt T Delta TF into M2 M2 means molecular mass of the solute molecular mass of solute kopic constant W2 given mass of solute freeing point okay in W1 given mass of solvent okay elevation of boiling point elevation of boiling point pressure at for pressure3 at okay prap pressure atmosph pressure for example 75 press VAP pressure atmosphere which is equal atmosph pressure vol v95 which means boiling so when we are a nonvolatile solute to a volatile solent what happens vapor pressure as a result boiling boiling yes X sorry boil solution boiling okay PV boiling solution boil difference difference in boiling so I can say that delal TB minus t tbus Delta TB is equal to TB minus t0 B Elation of boiling point okay elevation of boiling for Solutions okay solil directly proportional to concentration so delta T is directly K boiling point elevation constant boiling point elevation constant kopic constant con sorry delal K WB into th000 ID MB into wal KB into WB into th000 the whole divided by MB into w of the boiling WB into th000 the whole divided by delt TB into very very very important of the k conoscopic con WB WB given mass of the solute given mass of sorry Delta TB Delta TB Delta TB elevation of boiling point okay elevation of boiling point mass of the given mass of solvent prop theosis Ando pressure for okay semi permeable membrane semi permeable permeable membrane semi per okay solute which me okay which means solent number me which me the flow of solvent particles the flow of smallen particles from a region of higher solvent concentration to lower solvent concentration okay Al from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute conent region of higher solvent concentration to a lower solvent concentration Al the the movement of solvent particles from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration through a MBR osis osmosis ostic pressure exting the minimum pressure that must be applied on the solution side to stop osmosis osmosis pral C press pressure centration okay concentration Universal Universal gas con okay universal gas 0.083 inverse bar inverse inverse 8.31 okay yes temperature inin scale T is temperature inin scale number of moles divid by volume okay number of given given mass number of concentration is equal to number of moles divided by Vol number of of solute div AMC so number of moles of solute divided by volume concentration number of mute given mass of solute divid molecular mass of solute okay into volume yes osmosis is not a cative property osmotic pressure is a colligative property very good p is equal to WB RT / MB into V WT V ISB into th000 divided by MB into V volum w w pressure depends upon number of mes of Sol Vol number masses of protein polymers and other macro molecules okay proteins polyes okay the applications advantage over the meod as pressure measurement is around the room temperature and the marity of the solution is used instead of mity mity the magnitude is larger even for very dute sorry tic pressure equal okay a pressure Bess okay okay isotonic solution hyperonic Solutions pressure okay hyperonic Solutions soltion hyp AO pressure Pi a b osmotic pressure pi b okay solution pressure semi permeable membrane solution for example pressure a pressure which is great than the osmotic pressure okay which means pressure pressure greater than thetic pressure press when I app a pressure greater than Theos the direction of Osmosis can be reversed if a pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied on the solution rosis is used in the desalination of sea water okay Ling of vapor pressure depression of freezing point elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure property with including deration proper normal molecular mass abnormal Association of Association of solute particles okay dissociation okay dissociation of solute first one association association of solute particles C6 ch3 Co C3 C3 of Association of particles solute particles solute Paras number of solute also decreases cative property decreasing property pressure property moleular M inversely property moleular inversely cative property is cative property inversely proportional to molecular mass of the solute number solute particles number of solute particles number of solute particles decreas property property molecular mass molecular mass of the solute increas so when their Association of particles of particles dissociation of solute particles for example k disci of which means number of solute particles number of solute particles increase number of solute particles increas of the of small no association or dissociation okay van Factor value oneor Valero of particles fact value L okay value LCI solute Rel lowering ofap pressure reling ofap pressure Delta P by p01 is equal to K2 boiling point Elation of of boiling point elevation of boiling point delal depression of depression of freezing pointal and lastly yes press 40 23 23 plus chlorine 355 23 plus 35.5 okay n molecular mass 55im 55 molecular mass div normal molecular mass is 58.5 55.5 58.5 divid 55.5 1.5 okay 55. 55. thank you so much thank you so much byebye good night byebye