Anatomy of the Eyeball

Introduction

• Presenter: Peter from Anatomy Zone
• Collaboration: Anatomy Zone & teachmeanatomy.info
• Purpose: To cover the anatomy of the eyeball

Overview of the Eyeball

• Structure: Bilateral, spherical organ
• Function: Houses structures responsible for vision
• Location: Lies within the bony orbit in the facial skeleton

Anatomical Layers of the Eyeball

The eyeball is composed of three main layers:

1. Fibrous Layer
2. Vascular Layer
3. Inner Layer

Fibrous Layer

• Components: Sclera & Cornea
• Functions: Provides shape and support to the eye
• Sclera
  • Comprises 85% of the fibrous layer
  • Visible as the white part of the eye
  • Provides attachment for extraocular muscles
  • Allows passage of nerves and vessels, including the optic nerve
• Cornea
  • Transparent and centrally located
  • Continuity with the sclera
  • Refracts light entering the eye

Vascular Layer

• Components: Choroid, Ciliary Body, and Iris
• Choroid
  • Provides nourishment to outer retina layers
• Ciliary Body
  • Consists of ciliary muscle & ciliary processes
  • Controls lens shape for vision accommodation
  • Produces aqueous humour
• Iris
  • Controls pupil size
  • Composed of circular (sphincter pupillae) and radial (dilator pupillae) muscles

Inner Layer

• Retina: Light-detecting part of the eye
  • Neural Layer: Contains photoreceptors
  • Pigmented Layer: Supports neural layer; Non-visual anteriorly
• Macula Lutea: Central area with high concentration of cones
  • Fovea Centralis: Responsible for high-acuity colour vision
• Optic Disc: Entry point of the optic nerve; Blind spot

Chambers and Humours

• Anterior Chamber: Between cornea and iris
• Posterior Chamber: Behind iris, in front of lens
• Vitreous Chamber: Filled with vitreous humour
• Aqueous Humour
  • Secreted in posterior chamber, flows anteriorly
  • Drained via canal of Schlemm
  • Obstruction leads to glaucoma

Conclusion

• Overviewed gross anatomy of the eyeball
• Next tutorial will cover the vascular supply of the eye
• Encouragement to like and subscribe for more tutorials

Additional Resources

• 3D Models: Provided by a free anatomy learning app

Note: Check out the links in the video description for useful articles related to this tutorial.