Master IUPAC Naming with This Guide

Hello guys, this is Play Chemistry and you are watching IUPAC Naming Masterclass. In this video, our task is to cover the entire IUPAC naming in just one video. We will cover A to Z rules step by step without skipping anything. We will do everything, naming of branch chains, complex chains, multiple bonds, functional groups, polyfunctional groups, cyclic compounds, aromatic compounds. Everything in this single video. We have optimized this topic to such an extent that everything can be completed in just 1-1.5 hours. So let's start the most important part of Organic Chemistry, IUPAC Nomenclature. First example, we will first name this compound. So look at this compound. This compound has 4 carbons, 1 chlorine and 1 OH. And in its carbon chain, All the bonds are single bonds. So let's do its naming step by step. For 4 carbon bonds, we use but. M for 1 carbon, H for 2 carbons, C for 3, and B for 4. Here we have total 4 carbons. So here we will use but. Now look at the carbon chain of this compound. All the bonds in this carbon chain are single bonds. And for single bond, we use an. If all the bonds on the carbon chain are single bonds, then use ane. If there is at least one double bond, use ene. And if there is even one triple bond, then use ane. So here we will use ane. So but plus ane gives butane. Now there are two functional groups in this compound. OH alcohol and Cl Chloro. From alcohol and Chloro, we consider alcohol as the main functional group and Chloro as a substituent. For the main functional group, we use suffix. And for Substituent, Prefix. Suffix is the part which we put at the end of the name. And Prefix is the part which we put at the beginning of the name. For Alcohol, we use suffix "-ol". And for Chlorine, we use prefix "-chloro". So "-ol", will be used at the end of the name. And "-chloro", will be used at the beginning of the name. There is a rule in Naming, that if the Functional Group starts with vowel, then we have to remove "-e", from "-ain". we can't use two vowels together. So remove the "-e". Chlorine and alcohol, where are they in the compound? That can make a difference in naming. Suppose chlorine is here, or chlorine is here. So we consider it as a different compound. And if it is a different compound, then its name should also be different. So it is important to tell us after numbering, where is chloro and where is alcohol. So what is the method of numbering? So let's do the numbering of this compound. Alcohol and Chlorine have higher priority. So we have to do the numbering in such a way that we take alcohol at the lowest location. So let's do its numbering. First of all, we do the numbering of the main chain carbons. And numbering starts from the starting point of the main chain or the ending point. And numbering is done in such a way that the main function group gets the lowest lock-end. So here alcohol is the main function group. So according to this numbering is to start from this end. We will do numbering thoroughly in this chapter, but for this example, you just need to keep these things in mind. So this is correct numbering. Now look at the positions of all the substituent and functional groups. Here chlorine is in third position, so we will use three chloro or alcohol first position pair so we will use one hole so we will write its name as three chloro butane one hole a big or important cheese joaqo de on me a cnea naming may parallel at her always be capital. So C in Chloro is the first letter, so it will be capital. And apart from this, no other letter should be capital. So all the coming names, you have to remember this. And this compound, you can also write 3-chlorobutanol. This is because, if we don't mention the position of the ole, then by default, it will be considered as 1-ole. So 3-chlorobutanol. is equal to 3 chlorobutan 1ol. So this was the naming. Now let's analyze this IUPAC name. Look at this naming. First of all, we mentioned substituent. After substituent, we mentioned number of carbons. And after number of carbons, nature of what? And finally, function group. We will follow this order in all the organic compound naming. And if we simplify it further, we can. So, this part is called prefix, this part is called word root and this part is called suffix. While naming, we will follow this order. Now, one more important example. This is a cyclic compound. Now, in this example and the previous example, there was only one difference. The previous compound was an open chain and this compound is a cyclic compound. Rest of the things are the same. So first of all, let's understand this cyclic structure. If you write this compound by expanding it, it will look something like this. Every corner of this cyclic structure represents a carbon. Here is a total of... total 6 corners i.e. this compound has total 6 carbons. Now look at the edges of this cycle. The edges of this cycle tell us what type of bond is there in this compound. Single line means single bond, double line means double bond, 3 lines means triple bond. Here, all the edges have single lines, i.e. there are only single bonds on it. So the first structure is called bond line structure. and second structure is called expanded form. So in this structure, there are 6 carbons, all the bonds are single, and it also contains alcohol and chlorine. So this is exactly like the previous one, but this time it is cyclic. First of all, we will do its numbering like the previous example. So we have to do numbering with the carbon which has the main function group. And here the main function group is alcohol. So let's do the numbering. So alcohol is at 1 and Cl is at 4. So we will name it in proper order. First prefix, then word root, then suffix. For chlorine we use chloro and since chloro is at 4th position So we will use the suffix. we will write 4-chloro. And since this is a cyclic compound, so we will write cyclo for it. Now since this compound has total 6 carbons, and for 6 carbons we use hex, so write hex. Since in this compound, all the all bonds are single bond so we will use ane and because alcohol is the main function group so we will use ole here so the structure of this name is 4-chloro plus cyclo plus hex plus ane plus ole so ultimately we will write it 4-chloro cyclohexanol so this is a typical IUPAC name in this compound there are all the components which can be in an IUPAC name so the middle one is hex or isse hamke This is what we call word root. Word root tells us how many carbons are there in the compound. There is a complete list of word roots which I will tell you later. After hex, we have ane. This part is called primary suffix. Primary suffix tells us whether there is a single bond, double bond or triple bond in the compound. For single bond, we use ane. For double bond, we use ine. For triple bond, we use ine. After ine, we have ol and this part is called primary suffix. called secondary suffix. Secondary suffix tells us which functional group is used in a compound. Before the word root hex, we have written cyclo. Cyclo is primary prefix. Cyclo word tells us whether the compound is cyclic or non-cyclic. If the compound is cyclic, then use cyclo. And if the compound is not cyclic, open chain, then don't write anything. Before cyclo, we have written chloro. And chloro is here secondary prefix. Prefix tells us which substituents and side chains are used in the compound. Chloro is a substituent in this compound so we have written it in the very beginning. So in the coming compounds you will observe this order. First we will tell side chains and substituents and then cyclo if compound is cyclic then and then we will tell number of covens and then we will tell if compound has single bond or double bond or triple bond and in the end we will tell if compound has double bond bound mein kaunsa function group laga hai. So we are going to follow this order. Secondary prefix plus primary prefix plus word root plus primary suffix plus secondary suffix. And we can't alter this order. We can't change anything. Ab next part mein hum dekhenge list of all word roots, prefix and suffix. So let's see complete list of word roots, prefix and suffix in this section. So first of all, let's see the complete list of word roots. list of word roots. If there is only one carbon in our chain, then we will use METH. If there are two carbons, then we will use ITH. If there are three carbons, then we will use PROP. If there are four, then we will use BUTE. If there are five, then we will use PENT. If there are six, then we will use HEX. If there are seven, then we will use HEFT. For eight, we will use OCT. For nine, we will use NONE. For ten, we will use TEC. For eleven, we will use UNTEC. For twelve, we will use DODEC. You will only need twelve. If you want to go beyond that, you can check this list. Next is Primary Suffix. So it is clear. It's ein, een or ein based on number of bonds. Next is secondary suffix list. What is secondary suffix for? For functional groups. So let's discuss complete list of functional groups here. First of all, COH means carboxylic acid. You will use Oic acid for it. CS3, CS2, COOH. Here you have to keep in mind that we will count carbon of carboxylic as well. So here we have total 3 carbons and single bond in the chain. So we will use propane and for COH we use Oic acid Because Oic starts with O which is a vowel So we will delete E from AIN So its correct name is propane noic acid CHO is aldehyde and for aldehyde we use L So let's see this compound with three carbons, single bond and aldehyde So we will call this compound propanol Now CO, so this is ketone and for this we will use One So see this compound. Both the compounds have 5 carbons and all the single bonds in the carbon chain and 1 ketone. But the position of ketone is different in both. So let's do the numbering. In the first one, ketone is at second position. So we will name it as pentane 2-one. And in the second one, ketone is at third position. So it will be named as pentane 3-one. Now let's move to OH. You know it. its alcohol and we use ol for it. We have used it in previous examples, so we will not do it here. Now some new ones, which you might not have used in 10th class also. It is CO2. This functional group is called Acidamide and we use Amide suffix for it. So CS3, CS2, CO2. Again 3 carbons and single bonds in the carbon chain and 1 Acidamide. So it will be written as Propane Amide. COCl. This is called Acid Chloride and we use oil chloride for it. CS3, CS2, COCl. So what will be its name? Propanoyl Chloride. Now next one is COOR. This is ester group. It has two parts. COO and R. So what is R? This is alkyl group. Let's see how it's named. Alkyl with one carbon, methyl. Alkyl with two carbons, ethyl. Propyl with three. Char wala butyl. I hope you get this pattern. To ester mein ye R hai alkyl. Now let's come to the nomenclature. Look at this compound. This is ester. Isme do parts hai. This part is written as alkyl and this part is written as alkanoid. To complete name hoga alkyl alkanoid. So look at this alkyl part. Isme sirf A carbon hai. So we will call it methyl. Now look at this alkanoid part. This part has total 4 carbons. So we will use butanoid for this part. Combining both, we get methyl butanoid. So this is how we will name the ester. Let's do one more example. CS3COO CS2CS3 So divide this compound as well. This time, there are 2 carbons in the alkyl part. So this part is called ethyl. Now look at the alkanoid part. Here there are total 2 carbons. So it will be called ethanoid. So this compound is Ethyl Ethanoate. So this was ester. Now next functional groups. CN and NC. First one is cyanide and other is isocyanide. Both look the same but they are different. Look at these two compounds. One is cyanide and other is isocyanide. Cyanide is bonding with carbon and isocyanide with nitrogen. So that's the difference between both of them. Now let's come to naming. Cn means cyanide, for this we use suffix nitrile. So, Cs3, Cs2, Cn. This compound has total 3 carbons. And due to cyanide group, we will use nitrile. So, its IUPAC name is propane nitrile. Now, because nitrile starts with N, which is not a vowel, so we did not delete E from N. Now, let's name this isocyanide. IUPAC name is not for isocyanide. There is only common name for it. The writing method of this compound is alkyl isocyanide. So here we have two carbon alkyls, so that is Ethyl and then Rite isocyanide. So this compound is Ethyl isocyanide. Next is NO2 and ONO, Nitro and Nitrite group. There is a difference in bonding side in both these groups. Nitro has bonding with nitrogen and nitrite with oxygen. And both have different structure. Now let's come to the naming. For Nitro group, we use prefix Nitro which comes before the word root. Here we have Nitro and Ethane. So we will call it Nitro Ethane. CS3, CS2, Ono. Ono Nitrite, they also don't have any IUPAC name, but they have a common name. It is named as Alkyl Nitrite. Very similar to Isocyanide group. First part is called Ethyl and other is Nitrite. So it will be called Ethyl Nitrite. Now next is OH and SH. Alcohol and Thiol Alcohol. The way we use the word ole for alcohol, similarly we will use thiol for thioalcohol. Let's do a quick naming. First one is called Ethanol. And second one is called Ethanethiol. Now the next one is primary amine, secondary amine and tertiary amine. So what is the difference between all of these? Primary amine has only one alkyl group. Secondary amine has two alkyl groups. And tertiary amine has 3 alkyl groups. Now let's do their nomenclature step by step. Primary amine look like this. And we use suffix amine for it. So CS3, CS2, NS2. Look at this compound. 2 carbon, single bond and primary amine. So we will write this compound as ethane amine. Next is secondary amine. In secondary amine, there are 2 alkyl groups around nitrogen. So its name is written in this form. N-alkyld alkyn amine. Let's understand it with this compound. Its name is written in this form. N-alkyl-alkenamine. Let's understand it with this compound. There are two parts in this compound. First one is main chain and other is side chain. Main chain is the one which has the most carbon. So, main chain will be this. And this will be written as alkenamine. Now the second alkyl group that is left, that will be treated as a side chain. And for that we will write N-alkyl. So, up is compound main. Main chain has two carbons and amine. So we will write it as Ethane Amine. Side chain has only one carbon. So we will write it as N-Methyl. So the name of this compound will be N-Methyl Ethane Amine. Now, the case of tertiary compounds. It is very similar to secondary amine. We will write it like this. N-Alkyl N-Alkyl Alkane Amine Secondary amine has only one side chain. But tertiary amine has two side chains. That's the difference. Rest of the things are same. So again, first of all we will make the main chain. So 3 carbon alkyl is the longest chain. So that will be our main chain. So CS3, CS2, CS2N is our main chain. We will call it propanamine. CS3 and CS3, CS2 are side chains. We will name them as N-methyl and N-ethyl. Now because ethyl starts with E and methyl starts with M. So we will write it in alphabetic order. Ethyl first, methyl later. So the name of the compound is anethyl-anmethyl-propanenamine Now last functional group, anhydride. Let's name this compound. So first of all, count the number of carbon on both sides. On the first side, there are 3 carbons. And on the other side, there are 2 carbons. So it will be named as ethanoic-propanoic-anhydride. And as usual, we have also We have taken care of the alphabetic order. So you must have seen this format. Now let's come to the next example. Now there are three carbon in both the sides. But we will not write it as propanoic, propanoic anhydride. We will simply write it as propanoic anhydride. Now it's time for the secondary prefix. Let's see the complete list of secondary prefix. For whom is the secondary prefix? For side chains and substituents. So in this list, We will discuss side chains and substituents. So first one is alkyl group R. So because we have done it a while back, so we will not go in details again. It is written as methyl, ethyl, propyl. So I hope you understand the pattern. Now the next one is RO. This is called alkoxy. So alkoxy is named like this. CS3O, this is called methoxy. Next one is called ethoxy. And this one is called Propoxy. I hope you get this pattern. Now let's move to halogen. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine. We use fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo. as a prefix for them. There are some more side chains like phenyl, allyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl. We will use these side chains in this video. Now the next stage is nomenclature. Now, let's talk about the rules of nomenclature. We will divide it into three parts. Main chain selection rules, numbering rules and naming rules. So, let's start with main chain selection rule. First rule is longest chain rule. that whatever our main chain should be, that must be the longest chain. So let's see this compound. In this compound, we can make a chain like this and like this. But ultimately, in which chain? So, the second one is right and the first one is wrong. So, this will be the 5 carbon chain, the main chain and the rest are side chains. So, this one was a little obvious. But in case you get such a chain, then there can be a little confusion here. You can select the main chain like this. But this will not be correct. We have to select the longest chain. So, this is the longest chain. So, this is the longest chain. Pichle wale chain mein sirf 5 carbon the, par iss wale mein total 7 carbon hai. So this is the longest chain. Aur baaki sab ban jayenge side chain. Ab chalte aage. How to select main chain when there is double bond, triple bond or any functional group in the compound. Ab iss case mein, this can be the longest chain, so this chain should be considered main chain. Par aisa nahi hai. Kyuki iss compound mein double bond bhi hai. So we must include the double bond. include that in the main chain. So main chain bhale hi longest chain na bane, but it must include double bond. So this is the correct main chain aur baaki sab hai side chain. Same rule tab bhi apply hoga jab compound mein triple bond ya functional group lagao. Let's see this compound. This can be the longest chain, but as we know main chain mein functional group aur multiple bonds bhi aane chahiye. So this is the correct main chain. So having all this done, you know how to select main chain. Now look at this compound. This should be the longest chain. But if you make it like this, then it is also the longest chain. Both have 6 6 carbons. Now whom should we consider as the main chain? So whenever we have this kind of conflict, then count number of side chains. The one who has the most side chains, that is the main chain. In the first one, there are 2 side chains. And in the second one, there is only 1 side chain. So we have 2 side chains. So according to this, the first chain is the main chain and we will consider this as correct. Second step, numbering. So the first rule is lowest locant rule. Locant as we know from the name, locant is location. Here, the locant tells us the location of side chains, substituent, function group, double bond, triple bond. These locant should be lowest. Then only we will consider numbering correct. Now look at this example. This is our main chain and a side chain is attached on it. Methyl. We have to do numbering in such a way that methyl gets lowest locant. So let's do the numbering from left to right. In this case, the methyl came in the second position. Now, number this chain in reverse order. In this case, the methyl came in the fourth position. CS3 is getting lowest number when we numbered it from left to right. So, this is the correct way of numbering this chain. So, in this case, there was only one side chain. Now, let's see this case. Obviously, this is the main chain. Now, let's start numbering. If we number it like this, then the lock end of both the side chains will be 2 and the lock end of the third side chain will be 5. So in this case, the lock ends are 2, 2, 5. Now number it in reverse order like this. Now look at the locants. The first side chain is on 2 and the other two side chains are on 5. So its locants will be 2, 5, 5. So in this case, how do we decide which numbering is correct? So, first of all, we have to see the first locant. If the first locant is same in both cases, compare the second locant. And if the second locant is same in both cases, then compare the third locant. So, in this example, the first locant is same in both cases. Both of them are getting locant 2. Now, move to the next one. In the first case, the locant is 2. And in the second case, the locant is 5. So, obviously, First one is getting the lowest locant. 2,2,5 is the lowest locant. So the first numbering is correct. And this is called lowest locant set rule. Now let's move on to the next example. If multiple bond or function group is applied in compound, then they should get the lowest locant. In this structure, double bond should get lowest locant. We are giving priority to double bond instead of side chain. So, we are going to number it like this. Double bond gets second locant and withile gets fourth locant. Now let's move on to the next example. This compound has a double bond and a triple bond. Here we will use lowest locant set rule. We have to do numbering in such a way that both of them get lowest locant. So you must have got the idea of where to do numbering by looking at the compound. Do the numbering from the left. Now let's do next example. This also has a double bond and a triple bond. To understand what is special in this, you have to do numbering. Now after numbering, write its log-ends. As you can see, in the first case also the log-end is 1,4 and in the second case also the log-end is 1,4. So whether you do numbering from left or from right, you are getting the same set of numbers. set of locant. So this case is called equivalent numbering. Because both numbering are looking the same but both are different. In first case, locant 1 is going to double bond and in second case, locant 4 is going to double bond. So both are equivalent numbering. are different. Now here comes a new rule. While doing numbering, double bond and triple bond have higher priority. So we will give lowest lock end to the double bond. So the first numbering in which double bond got first lock end and triple bond got fourth, that numbering is correct. I will like to bring your attention to the previous example. In this, we followed lowest lock end rule. And here triple bond got lowest lock end. This is because the lowest locant rule is more important than any other rule. Now look at this example. Here we have not violated the lowest locant rule. Here we had a choice, that's why we gave double bond the lowest locant. But if we don't have a choice, then simply follow the lowest locant rule. Now look at this compound. Here we have double bond as well as function group. Out of function group and double bond, the priorities of function group are So we have to do numbering in such a way that the functional group gets the lowest locand. So look at this compound. We have to do numbering in this way from the right. Only then alcohol will get the lowest locand. So this is the correct numbering. Chain terminating functional group. CHO, COOH, COOR, CN, CONS2, COCL. We call these groups chain terminating functional group. Numbering means ending. point. Ye function group main chain ke ending points pe lagey hota hai. That's why it's called chain terminating function group. Look at this compound. Sabse pehla kaam hai main chain select karna. This is the longest chain but it's not main chain. Main chain me humara function group bhi aana chahiye. Ab COH ko dekho, it is at the end point of this chain. So I hope you get the point of terminating group. Ab baari hai numbering ki. Numbering humaish. terminating group ke carbon se hi shuru hoti hai. So it will be numbered from carbon of COOH. So this is the correct way of numbering. So the numbering rules are done. IUPAC rule ke humne do parts kar liye main chain selection aur numbering. Ab next part hai naming rules. Now it's time for naming. So let's start with this example. Let's select main chain and do the numbering first. So first of all let's write side chain and then main chain. This compound has two side chains, methyl and ethyl. Now first of all write ethyl or methyl. So here it is written as alphabetic order rule. All our side chains and substituents will be written in alphabetic order Methyl starts with M and ethyl starts with E E comes first and then M So this means that we first we will write ethyl first and then methyl so we will write it 3 ethyl 2 methyl now it's time for main chain main chain has 6 carbons and all bonds are single so we will call it hexane so first we will write side chains and then main chain So the name of this compound is 3-ethyl 2-methyl hexane. Now next compound. So first of all select the main chain and do numbering. Whatever is left other than the main chain are side chains. So here we have two side chains and both of them are the same. We have two methyl groups. So will we write 2-methyl 2-methyl with this? No. Whenever sidechains are repeated, we use die, try, tetra for them. If two sidechains are repeated, we add die. If three are repeated, we use try. And what about four? So in this case, the methyl is repeated twice. So we will add di. So it's dimethyl. The correct way of writing this side chain is 2,2-dimethyl. Now we have to write main chain. And because there are 4 carbons in the main chain, we will write butane. So the name of this compound is 2,2-dimethyl-butane. Look at this compound. Let's do its naming quickly. First of all, select the main chain in it. Now, let's do the numbering of the two compounds. Since we have repeated the methyl three times, we will use tri-methyl. So, we will write this compound as 2,2,4-trimethyl-5-carbons-pentane. Now, look at this compound. First of all, select its main chain. This compound has a methyl and an ethyl. Now, how do we do the numbering? If you do numbering like this, then methyl will come in 3rd position and ethyl will come in 4th position. Now do numbering in reverse order. This time ethyl got 3rd lock end and methyl got 4th lock end. So whether you do the numbering from left or right, we are getting the same locant. So now we have a choice, whether we give the third locant to methyl or give the third locant to ethyl. So in this case, we will give the lowest locant to which comes alphabetically first. So, from Ethyl and Methyl, Ethyl comes first. That means Ethyl should get lowest locant. So, the third locant should go to Ethyl. So, obviously, the second numbering is correct. So, the name of this compound will be 3-ethyl-4-methyl. Now, since there are 6 carbons in the main chain, so we will write it hexane. But keep in mind that from the lowest locant rule and alphabetic order, the priority of lowest locant rule is more. In this case, we gave the lowest locant rule to Ethyl because we had a choice. But if we don't have such a choice, then we will give priority to lowest locant rule. But don't violate lowest locant rule for alphabetic order. Now look at this compound. First of all, select the main chain in it and do its numbering. In this case, we have two methyl groups and one ethyl group. So this question matters. So let's do it and observe it. Here we have two methyl groups so we will use dimethyl and the other side chain is ethyl. Now which of dimethyl and ethyl comes first alphabetically? You can say that dimethyl starts with D and ethyl starts with E. So this means that dimethyl should come first and ethyl later. But this is not the case. Ethyl will come first and dimethyl will come later. This is because... we do not consider di, tri and tetra while looking at the alphabetic order. Here in dimethyl, we will not consider the first letter D but M. So, this is why ethyl came first and dimethyl came later. So, for this reason, we will write 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl. And since there are 6 carbons in the main chain, so it will be written hexane. So, this is 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-hexane. Now, let's talk about multiple bonds. Top. So you know that for single bond we use IN, for double bond we use IN, for triple bond we use IN. So in this compound there are 4 carbons and 1 triple bond. For 4 carbon we use BUTE, for triple bond we use IN. So it should be BUTE plus IN. And it is important to tell the location of triple bond. So let's do the numbering. So triple bond came at second lock end. So we will call this compound BUTE. Bute to I. Now next compound. This compound has two double bonds. So like we used to use die, try, tetra for side chains. So here also we will use die, try, tetra. This time we will not use in for double bond. But die in. And if there are three double bonds. Then we use try in. So first of all let's do its numbering. After numbering. one double bond is coming in first position and second double bond is coming in third position so we will write but plus 1,3 diene so in this case, diene is our primary suffix and whenever our primary suffix starts with a consonant then we have to add an a at the end of the word root because diene starts with d which is a consonant so we have to add an a at the end of the buta so the name of this compound is buta 1,3 diene Now this compound. This compound has double bond and triple bond. So first we have to do its numbering. So we know who will be given priority, double bond. So start numbering from left to right. So this is numbering. Now it's time for naming. So the way to write name is word root plus primary suffix plus secondary suffix. Now this compound can be written in two ways. As a derivative of alkene or as a derivative of of alkyne. If we write it in the form of derivative of alkyne, then it will come in the position of primary suffix "-ine", and in the position of secondary suffix "-ine". And if we write it in the form of derivative of alkyne, then the primary suffix the position of the primary suffix is in and the position of the secondary suffix is in. So now we have to decide whether we write it in the form of the derivative of alkyne or in the form of the derivative of alkene. Whenever there is a double or triple bond in the compound, we will write the compound in the form of the alkyne derivative. That means the position of the primary suffix is in and the position of the secondary suffix is in. Now we have made 5 cars, so for that we will use bent. and then we will write IN and then INE After numbering, double bond came in first position and triple bond came in fourth position So it will be written as pent 1 INE 4 INE Till now we have done sidechains like methyl, ethyl, propyl but apart from these, there are many other types of sidechains So let's see some other types of sidechains So look at this one There is one carbon in it and double bond on linking side to normal one The methyl one is called methyl but here there is a double bond on the linking site. So we will call it methylene. Now look at this compound. If it was normal, we would write ethene. But here there is a linking site on ethene. So it will be called ethinyl. And we also call it vinyl. So you can use any of these two. We call it ethine. Now if a linking site is put on it, then what will it become? Ethane. If this is a Methylene, then what will we call it? Ethylene But Ethylene is a common name of Ethene So we will not call it Ethylene, we will call it Ethylidine This is not the exact reason, but you can remember it this way Now it's time to use these side chains Let's do this example This compound has two double bonds and a triple bond So the first thing is the main chain selection Main chain lock The longest chain should have double and triple bonds. Notice that both double and triple bonds cannot be in the same time. But because we have to select the longest chain, In the main chain, there should be maximum double or triple bonds. So this should be the main chain. So the side chain that came here, this is a special type of side chain. Whose naming we have done now. Now let's do the numbering. Simply follow the lowest low control. So this is the numbering. First of all we will write side chain. We have just discussed side chain. This side chain is called ethinyl. So we will write side chain as 4-ethyl. Now the name of main chain. There are 7 carbon in main chain. There is a double bond. or a triple bond B. So it will be named as a derivative of alkyne. So it will be named as hapt-1-ene-phi-yne. So the name of this compound is 4-ethanyl-hapt-1-ene-phi-yne. Now functional groups. So let's start with functional groups. So let's start with functional So let's start with this one. So the first thing to do is to select the main chain. So you know that our main chain should be the longest and it should have a terminating function group. So this is the correct main chain. And now the rest are side chains. Now it's the turn of numbering. So there is no confusion in numbering. Numbering will start with the carbon of the terminating group. So let's do the numbering. So we're going to do the So this will be number 1. On the second locand, there is 1 ethyl and 1 methyl. So we will write 2 ethyl 2 methyl. And in the main chain, there are 4 carbons and aldehyde. So we will write it butanal. So the name of this compound is 2 ethyl 2-methylbutanel Now look at this compound This compound has a function group B and a double bond B So in our main chain, double bond and function group should come together So this is the correct main chain. And the remaining is side chain. Now it's time for numbering. We have to do numbering with that carbon which is very close to alcohol. So this carbon is close to alcohol. So we will start numbering from here. So let's do the numbering. Here our side chain is ethyl. It is coming at third position. So we will write 3 ethyl. In our main chain, there are 4 carbons, and a double bond and a functional group. So we will write but plus in plus ol. And since double bond is in third position, so we will use 3-in. And here alcohol is in functional group and it is in first position, so we will write 1-ol. As you know that you can omit 1, so you can write 3-ethyl but 3-in-ol. Now last compound is this one. Alcohol is coming twice in this. And since alcohol is repeating here, so we will write di-. If there was one alcohol, we would have used OL. But since there are two alcohols here, we will use DI-OL. So first of all, do the numbering. So two alcohols came in the first and second position. So we will write 1,2-DI-OL. We have three carbons in our chain and single bonds. So we will use prop or ane. So this compound is written as propane 1,2-DI-OL. So we will write prop 1,2-DI-OL. Now you can notice that we haven't removed the E from the N. Why? Because di-ol starts with D and D is a consonant. Now let's look at the complex chains. We had done side chains normally till now. But now look at these side chains. Look at this one. Here there is a side chain on the side chain. Look at this one. Here there is a side chain on the side chain. And look at this one. Here there is a functional group on the side chain. And look at this one. Here there is a double bond on the side chain. So these side chains are not normal side chains. These are called complex side chains. In this section, we will learn to name complex chains. In these compounds, we have to name them twice. First of all, the complex chain and then the entire compound. So let's do some example and understand it. So start with this one. So the first thing to do is to select the main chain. So this is going to be the main chain. And this time the side chain is a complex chain. This is the main chain. First of all, we have to name the complex chain. So, we will use the same rules which are used for normal organic compounds. So, let's start its naming. So, the first thing to do is to select a main chain in this complex chain. So, the first rule is that the main chain should start from the linking side. And it should be the longest chain. So, according to this, this is our main chain. And the remaining ones are the side chains. So, the main chain is here. 2 side chains. Now it's time for numbering. In complex chain, numbering always starts from linking side. So no need to think much here. Number 1 goes to this carbon which is connected to linking side. Now it's time for naming. So first we'll write side chain then main chain. So here are 2 methyls at first log end. So for them we'll write 1,1 dimethyl. Now we'll name main chain. Main chain has two carbons, so we will use ith for it. And since it is a side chain, we will use i for suffix. So its name will be ethyl. So the name of this complex chain is 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl. Now next rule. Complex chains are always written inside a bracket. So put a bracket around it. So this is how we named the complex chain. Now its time to name the entire compound. so first thing is numbering, and for numbering we will follow lowest lock end rule so this is numbering, so complex chain came on 4th lock end so first we will write complex chain 4 1,1 dimethyl ethyl now we will write main chain, now here there is 7 carbon on main chain so we will use heptane for this So this compound is named as 4,1,1-dimethyl ethyl haptane. Now next example, there is nothing different in this compound. This time only two complex chains are used in the compound. And both the complex chains are same. So you must remember what we used for normal side chains. For example, we used to write dimethyl for 2-methyl, trimethyl for 3-methyl. But in the case of complex chain, we don't use di-tri. We use different prefixes for them. For 2, we use bis, for 3, we use tris, for 4, we use tetrakis, and for 5, we use pentakis. Because complex chain has been repeated twice, so we will use bis for this. So we don't need to name this complex chain. It is exactly the same one that we named in the previous example. So we call it 1,1-dimethyl ethyl. And because complex chain is repeated twice, so we will add bis. So it is bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl. Because both complex chains are on fourth locant, so we will write 4,4-bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl. And because there are 7 carbons in main chain, So we will write haptane. So this compound is 4,4-bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl haptane. Now name this compound. This question also has same complex chain. So let's see what is special about this. We have a complex chain and a normal side chain. Complex chain's name is dimethyl ethyl and side chain's name is ethyl. Now the question is, who will come first alphabetically? So you must remember that we used to write ethyl first and dimethyl later because we did not consider ditritetra. So if we had written dimethyl and ethyl, we would not have considered D and M. So ethyl would have come first and dimethyl later. So we used to do this. we were looking for normal side chains. But in the case of complex chain, we consider di, tri, tetra. We will consider di-methyl as D and ethyl as E. So this means that di-methyl will come first and ethyl will come second. Now it's time for numbering. There are two possible cases for this. It can be numbered in two ways. This compound can be numbered from left or right. Locants will be the same. But we have to give the lowest locant to the one that comes first alphabetically. Because our complex chain, dimethyl ethyl, will come first from dimethyl ethyl. So the fourth locant should go to dimethyl ethyl. So this is the correct numbering. So we have to give the lowest locant to the one that comes first alphabetically. So the name of this compound is 4, 1,1-dimethyl ethyl, 6-ethyl and because there are 9 carbon in this chain, so it's nonane. So this was a complex chain. We have completed all of its rules using these three examples. Now let's talk about poly-function groups. Poly means many, so poly-function group means many-function group. Now we will do naming of such compounds, in which only one organic compound has 2-3 different types of function groups. So how to do naming in that case? We will follow a priority table for it. The priority table which is at higher level, its priority is higher. And the priority of the function group which is higher, we call it primary function group. And the priority of the function group is the number of functions. And the priority of the function group that is low, we consider it as a secondary function group. So let's do an example and understand this concept. In this compound, alcohol and carboxylic are both present. We will do priority table later. But now keep in mind that carboxylic and alcohol have higher priority than carboxylic. So COH is primary function group and alcohol is secondary function group. Primary function group will come in main chain. So this is our main chain. chin and we will treat secondary function group as side chains and substituents. For secondary function group we use prefix, alcohol, for this we use suffix old but here we will not use suffix, here we will use prefix because alcohol is secondary function group so now just remember that because alcohol is secondary function group so we will use prefix for it and that prefix is called hydroxy and for primary function group we use normal suffix means for COH we will use normal Oic acid suffix nothing different so first of all we will name this main chain main chain has 5 carbons and a C So, we will call it as pentanoic acid. Now, let's do numbering. We will start numbering with COH because it is a terminating group. So, this is the numbering. OH is at 5th position. And this time, we have to use prefix hydroxy for OH. So, we will write 5-hydroxy. Now after prefix we have to write main chain. And main chain is our pentanoic acid. So this compound is 5-hydroxypentanoic acid. Now let's see priority table. Now there is a systematic way to learn priority table. So let's learn it in a systematic way. In priority table, first comes carboxylic acid. And after carboxylic, priority is of carboxylic derivatives. So which are carboxylic derivatives? COR, COCL, CONH2. All of these are made from carboxylic acid. That's why it's called carboxylic derivative. So first one is ester, second is acid chloride, third is acetamide. We had already named all of these. We know what suffix we have to use for them. But in this section, we are going to see what prefix we have to use for them. So after this comes function group with triple bonds. So in this list, we have Cyanides and Isocyanides. So cyanide is written as C triple bond N. Isocyanide is written as N triple bond C. Next comes the functional groups with double bond. So in this list, we have CHO and CO, Aldehyde and Ketone. And last is functional group with single bond. So in this we have OH, SH, NH2, NHR, NR2. Alcohol, Thio alcohol, Amine, Secondary amine, So this is how you can remember priority table. First of all, Carboxylic, then Carboxylic derivative, then triple bond groups, then double bond groups, then single bond groups. So what should be their new name as a prefix? For example, we used hydroxy for alcohol. What will we use for these groups? First of all, Carboxylic. For Carboxylic, we will use Carboxy. Next is ester. For this, we will use Alkoxycarbonyl. If you divide COR into two parts, then we have OR and CO. OR part is called Alkoxy and CO part is called Carbonyl. Now next is COCl. It is chlorocarbonyl. So how to remember this? It also has two parts, Cl and Co. Cl for Chloro and Co for Carbonyl. So we will call it chlorocarbonyl. Now next is CONH2 Acetamide. And for this we use carbamoyl. Next is cyanide, for this we will use the prefix cyano. It's easy to remember because the functional group is called cyanide. So, cyano is after that. Next is isocyanide, for isocyanide we use the prefix isocino. Next is aldehyde, for aldehyde we use formaldehyde. Next is ketone, for ketone we use oxo or keto. Next is OH, for this we use hydroxy. Next is SH. For SH we use sulfenyl. NS2, Amine. For Amine we use Amino. NHR, for this we use alkyl amino. Then comes NR2. And for this we use dialkyl amino. These were the function groups which we can use as prefix and suffix. But there are some function groups which are always treated as substituent. First is OR, that is Alkoxy. Then comes Sr, it is alkyl thiol. Then F, Cl, Br and I. For these we use fluoro, chloro, bromo, ido. Then comes NO2, for this we use nitro. And we use azido prefix for this one and diazo prefix for this one. Having it all done, let's do two examples. So in this compound there are two functional groups, ketone and carboxylic acid. According to priority order, COH Lies above CO That means carboxylic acid was our main function group And ketone was our secondary function group So we will use oxo-preface for ketone Now let's do the numbering So you must have known about numbering We have to start numbering from carboxylic carbon Because it is terminating group So let's do the numbering So this is numbering And where did ketone come? Ketone came at 3rd position So the name is 3 oxo. And because there are 5 carbons in the main chain and it is carboxylic, so it is pentanoic acid. So it is 3 oxo pentanoic acid. Now second example. Look at this compound. It has a total of 4 function groups. So let's write them in order of their priority. First comes CuNs2, acetamide. After that, Co, ketone. Then OH, alcohol. And then Ns2, amine. So, in the priority table, first comes CONS2. So, it is our primary function group. So, for CONS2, we will use the normal suffix, and that is AMIDE. But for the remaining three, we will use oxo for CO, hydroxy for OH and amino for NS2. Now it's time for numbering. So it's simple, we have to do numbering with CO and S2 because CO and S2 is a terminating group. So let's do the numbering. So oxo got fourth locant, hydroxy got third locant and amino got second locant. Now it's time for naming. So for naming, just follow the alphabetical order. So alphabetically, first comes amino, then hydroxy, and last oxo. So it's 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo. And our main chain has 5 carbons and acid amide. So for this we'll use pentanamide. So we'll call it 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-pentanamide. Now it's time for cyclic compounds. Now it's time for cyclic compounds. So let's do cyclic compounds in more details. So first of all, we will do the naming of these two compounds. Now let's name these two compounds. First of all, this compound is looking like a square. But it is not a square, it is a cyclic compound. Every corner of it represents a carbon. There are total four corners here, which means there are total four carbons here. So for the four carbons, we use butane. But because this time it is a cyclic structure, So this is called as cyclobutane. The second one is also a cyclic structure. It has 6 carbons and a double bond. So first we will write cyclo, then hex and then ene. Because here there is a double bond. So this is called as cyclohexene. So this was the basic thing. Now we will do some examples and each example will tell us about a new rule. Look at this compound. This compound also has a cyclic ring. and open chain too. So what will be the name of this compound? The first thing to do is to decide which part is main and which part is side. For this we will count number of carbons on cyclic ring and open chain. Whoever has more carbon that is principal part. Here on cyclic ring there are 6 carbons and in open chain there are 4 carbons. So obviously, cyclic ring is principal part and open chain is side chain. Since cyclic is the principal part, its name should be like a normal cyclic compound. Cyclic has a total of 6 carbons. So we will write it as cyclohexane. Now it's time for side chain. Our side chain has 4 carbons. So its name is butyl. Now it's time for numbering. Since cyclic is the principal part, we will number the cyclic carbons. And simply follow the lowest loken tool. So here we will start numbering with butyl. So butyl gets locant 1. So finally we will write this compound as 1 butyl cyclohexane. Now next example. Here there are 6 carbons on cyclic ring and 6 carbons on open chain. Both have equal carbons. So in this case, who is considered as the principal chain? In such case, we give priority to cyclic ring. So same like last one. This time also, the cyclic ring is the principal part and the open chain is the side chain. So, the naming of this compound will be like the previous example. So, it's going to be 1-hexyl-cyclohexane. Now, next case. This time, there is less carbon in the cyclic and more in the open chain. There are 3 carbons in the cyclic and 4 carbons in the open chain. So, in this case, the open chain is the principal chain and the cyclic part is the substituent. In normal condition, This cyclic compound is called cyclopropane. But this time since it is a substituent, so this time we will write it as cyclopropyl. And this time the numbering will be on open chain. Because cyclopropyl is at locant 1, so we will write it 1 cyclopropyl. And since there are total 4 carbons in the main chain, so we will call it butane. So its IUPAC name is 1 cyclopropyl butane. Next compound. This compound has an open chain and two cyclic rings. In such a case, no matter how big the cyclic ring is, we will consider the open chain as the principal part. In this case, there are only two carbons in the open chain and three carbons in the cyclic ring. But since the cyclic ring is more than one, in this case, we will consider the open chain as the principal chain and the cyclic ring as the substituent. There are three carbons in the cyclic ring, so we will write this as the first one. Cyclopropyl Now it's time for numbering Here at first and second position There are two cyclopropyls So ultimately it will be written as 1,2-dicyclopropyl. And there are two carbons in the open chain, so it's ethane. So this compound is 1,2-dicyclopropyl ethane. Now next example. Now let's see the power of multiple bonds. This compound has a double bond. Here there are three carbons in the cyclic ring and three carbons in the open chain. In the normal case, the cyclic ring is considered the principal part. But in this case, there is a double bond. The part where the double bond is present, it will increase the priority. Even though here, the cyclic is considered the principal part, but because a double bond is placed in the open chain, then we will consider the open chain as the principal part. And the cyclic part as just a substituent. So let's do the numbering. During the numbering, double bond is more important than substituent. So we will start the numbering from the right side. So this is the correct numbering. Here, we will call cyclic ring as cyclopropyl. And since it is at the third position, so we will write it as 3-cyclopropyl. There are 3 carbons in the open chain and a double bond too. So we will write it as prop-1-ene. So the name of this compound is 3-cyclopropyl-prop-1-ene. Next example. In this case, the open chain is bigger than the cyclic chain. There are 4 carbons in the open chain and 3 carbons in the cyclic ring. But since we have used double bond on cyclic ring, cyclic ring is the principal part. Now let's do its numbering. The numbering of this compound will start with double bond. So let's do the numbering. Side chain is at third locant and double bond is at first. And side chain has 4 carbons. So it is called 3-butyl. There are 3 carbons in cyclic ring and a double bond too. So we will write it as cyclo prop 1-ene. So the name of this compound is 3-butyl cycloprop-1-ene. Conclusion is that in cyclic structures, multiple bonds are more important than longest chain. And functional group is more important than multiple bonds. So let's see a compound which has functional group. Let's see this example. Open chain has 3 carbons and cyclic ring has 5 carbons. But this time, functional group is used on open chain and double bond is used on cyclic ring. We know which one is more important. It's functional group. So this time we will consider open chain as principal chain. Because it has functional group with it. Now let's come to numbering. So numbering is done in such a way that functional group gets lowest lock-end. So let's do the numbering. Now first of all let's do the naming of principal part. It has 3 carbons and 1 alcohol. So you can write it propanol. In this case cyclic ring. Interesting part hai. This cyclic ring will be treated like a complex chain. Toh isme complex chain wale rules lagenge. Toh sabse pehla kaam hai numbering. Numbering linking side se shuru karni hai. Because it is a complex chain. So let's do the numbering. Toh double bond aaya third position pe. So let's write its name step by step. Sabse pehle cyclo cause it's cyclic compound. Paanch carbons hai so use pent. And since it is a double bond on the third position, so use 3-in. And since it is a side chain, so we will use the suffix "-ile". So it will be named as cyclo-pent-3-in-ile. And since it is a complex chain, so we will write it in brackets. And this cyclic ring is on the second position on the principal chain. So this is written as 2-cyclo-pent-3-in. And after that, write its principal chain prop in order. So this compound is 2-cyclopent-3-ene-1-yl-propanol. Functional groups on cyclic ring. I am showing you 6 cyclic rings with functional group. Inme se pehle 3 woh hai, jinme functional group cyclic ring ka part hai. Alcohol, Ketone or Nitro. All of them are considered as a part of cyclic ring. But last 3 with Cyanide, Aldehyde, Carboxylic, they are not considered part of cyclic ring. Because their carbons are outside the cyclic ring. So what will be the difference in naming? We will not use Nitrile for Cyanide, Al for Aldehyde, and Oic Acid for Carboxylic Acid. We will use new suffix for them. But the first category, its naming will be normal. So the first one is called Cyclobutanol. For alcohol, we are using O here as well. And we use O anyway. Next one is called cyclopentenol. Now here we are using O and we use O. Last one is Nitrocyclobutane. Nitro is used as a prefix and here also we are using it as a prefix. Nothing changed. Now let's go to the second category. We need new suffix for them. So let's see this list. This is their new suffix. And along with this is their prefix list. Prefix hasn't changed at all but suffix has changed. So let's understand it by implementing. First example, it has three carbons, a cyclic structure and a cyanide group. For this we will use a new suffix, carbo-nitrile. So the name of this compound will be cyclopropane-carbonite. Next one has 5 carbons, cyclic structure and aldehyde group. For aldehyde, new suffix is carb-aldehyde. So its name should be cyclobentane. carb-aldehyde Last one is cyclic structure, it has 6 carbons and carboxylic acid. For carboxylic, new suffix is carboxylic acid. So the name of this compound is cyclohexane carboxylic acid. This is new suffix. You have to use this when main function group is not in main ring. Only then you have to use this suffix. Now look at this compound. It contains ketone, carboxylase and aldehyde. According to priority, COH comes first, then CHO and then CO. So COOH Carboxylic acid is the main function group. And the other two are secondary. So here we will use prefix for aldehyde and ketone. For aldehyde, the prefix is formyl. And for ketone, it is oxo. As you can see, prefix is There is no difference between these two. We normally use oxo and formyl for these and here too. So here we have total 6 carbon and along with that we have carboxylic acid. So for this we will use cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Now it's time for numbering. Let's start numbering from carbon linked with CuH. Now we have two options. Either we do numbering clockwise or anticlockwise. If you do its numbering clockwise, you will get 2 for mile, 6 oxo. And if you do its numbering anti-clockwise, you will get 2 oxo, 6 for mile. So in both cases, locant is same, 2,6. But we have to choose one of these two. In this case, we will see which one comes first alphabetically. From for mile and oxo, for mile comes first. So second locant should go to for mile and 6 should go to oxo. So the first numbering... is correct. So write it before main chain's name. So the name of this compound is 2-formyl-6-oxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Aromatic compound. So the first aromatic compound is benzene. So this is benzene. Benzene is a cyclic structure in which double bonds are alternately attached. And these double bonds continuously change their position. You can draw it like this too. If you expand this structure. It will look like this. You have to name it like a cyclic compound. I am not going to go into specifics. But you will write it as cyclohex 1,3,5-triene. But you will notice that we mostly use benzene for this compound. We don't use cyclohex 1,3,5-triene. Now let's move forward. Now we are going to name these types of compounds. These are called benzene derivatives. Subsequent. First is Methyl On Benzene. This is called Methyl Benzene. Another name for this compound is Toluene. Benzene with two Methyls. There are three possibilities in this compound. Methyl groups can be attached together. A carbon can be attached separately. Or they can be attached completely opposite to each other. So first of all, do the numbering of these three. So this is the numbering. Now in this compound, first we have to write side chains and then benzene. So in the first one, there are two methyl groups in first and second position. So it will be called 1,2-dimethyl. Now write benzene. So it's 1,2 dimethyl benzene. Similarly, we will name the second one. It will be called 1,3 dimethyl benzene. And we will call the third one 1,4 dimethyl benzene. When two side chains are adjacent to each other like this, then we call it ortho positioning. When side chains lies after a gap like this, We call it Meta. And when side chains are in totally opposite directions, we call it Para. Dimethylbenzene is also called Xylene. In the first one, the side chain is ortho-positioning. So it's Ortho-Xylene. Similarly, the second one is called Meta-Xylene. And third one is Next one, what will we call benzene if it becomes a substituent? In this case, we will call it phenyl instead of benzene. So this is phenyl. Now look at this. Now look at these three structures. We are going to use them a lot. This is methylbenzene with one linking site on methyl. We call this structure as benzyl. Now comes this structure, which has two linking sites on methyl. We call this structure as benzyl. And this one has three linking sites. We call this as benzo. Now let's use them. Look at these three structures. Here are benzyl, benzyl and benzo. And their linking sites have chlorides. So the first one is called Benzyl Chloride. Next one is called Benzyl Dichloride. And the third one is called Benzotrichloride. So it's very simple. Now let's do more benzene derivatives. So this one is benzene with alcohol. This is called Phenol. So this one is benzene with methoxy. And this is called methoxybenzene. And its second popular name is Anisole. I'll be skipping through. After this comes the combination of benzene and aldehyde. This is called benzaldehyde. This one with COCH3. This is called acetophenone. So basically what is this? This is ketone with methyl on one side and benzene on other. Methyl and ketone will make the main chain and benzene will make the substituent. So we will take the benzene part as phenyl. And next is CH3CO part. This is called Ethanone. So, if we name it in a normal way, we will call it 1-phenyl-ethane-1-one. Next compound, it's obvious, it's nitrobenzene. This one with amine group 1 benzene, it's called aniline. Benzene with COH, it's benzoic acid. Benzene with acid chloride, it's called benzoyl chloride. We use oil chloride for acid chloride. So that's why it's benzoyl chloride. benzene with CuNs2 amide group so it's called benzenamide benzene with SO3H sulfonic acid so it's called benzene sulfonic acid now the last one benzene with cyanide so it's called benzene carbonitrile now we will use these benzene derivatives in some examples and then IUPAC nomenclature is completely done first example is wale example me benzene pe night Nitro and Carboxylic are both used. Nitro is the substituent and Carboxylic is the main function group. So this is the principal part of this compound. So we will write substituent first then principal part. So Benzene plus Carboxylic is called Benzoic Acid. And since Nitro is the substituent, we will write Nitro prefix for it. So it is Nitro Benzoic Acid. And for Nitro's position, we will do numbering. we have to start with the carbon on which carboxylic is applied. So let's do the numbering. So Nitro came in second position. So the name of this compound is 2-Nitro-benzoic acid. Now let's do its naming. It has three groups. Aldehyde, Alkoxy and Alcohol. Alkoxy will be the substituent but which will be the main one between aldehyde and alcohol? Aldehyde is grouped with double bond and alcohol is grouped with double bond. single bond priority table according aldehyde I got a lay or alcohol I got bad man to Amara principal part who are benzene with aldehyde to benzene plus aldehyde coquette a benzaldehyde a budget alcohol and alkoxy or in Kelly hum use carrying a prefix alkoxy killa use of a myth Oxy or alcohol killa use of a hydroxy to in kill against pata laga TN number E killa yaha pe ham follow carrying a Louis flow control to s So, do the numbering in such a way that both the substituents are taken at the lowest locant. So, here we should do the numbering clockwise. So, we got Methoxy at 3rd and Hydroxy at 4th. Now, write them in alphabetic order. So, first we will write 4-Hydroxy and then Methoxy. And after that we will write Benzaldehyde. Now, one more example. This compound has two parts. One part is Benzene and the other part is Open Chain. Here, an functional group is applied on the open chain, i.e. Bromine. So, because of this, the open chain became the main chain and the benzene became the substituent. Now, it's time for numbering. For numbering, we will just follow the lowest-locant rule. If we do left-right numbering, then we will get lowest-locant. So this is the correct numbering. So first of all let's write substituents. Because benzene is a substituent, so we will use phenyl for it. Here bromine is a functional group, but for this we use a prefix and that is bromo. For this we will write 2 Bromo 1 Phenyl And because there are 4 carbons in the main chain So we will use butane So this compound is 2 Bromo 1 Phenyl Butane Now the last compound Here one side is Benzene and the other side is cyclohexane. Which will be the main and which will be the substituent of benzene and cyclohexane? In this case, we will consider benzene as the main and cyclohexane as the substituent of cyclohexane. So, we will call this cyclohexyl and benzene as normal benzene. So, its name will be 1-cyclohexyl-benzene. If you have completed these school tuitions, then you must be aware that it takes at least 2-3 weeks to complete this chapter. But we have completed this chapter within 1.5 hours. So, Congratulations! You have completed the IUPSC nomenclature in just 1.5 hours. Now your job is to use these rules and practice more and more questions. So this was IUPSC naming and you are watching Play Chemistry. Don't forget to like, subscribe and share.

We will do everything, naming of branch chains, complex chains, multiple bonds, functional groups, polyfunctional groups, cyclic compounds, aromatic compounds. Everything in this single video. We have optimized this topic to such an extent that everything can be completed in just 1-1.5 hours. So let's start the most important part of Organic Chemistry, IUPAC Nomenclature. First example, we will first name this compound.

So look at this compound. This compound has 4 carbons, 1 chlorine and 1 OH. And in its carbon chain, All the bonds are single bonds. So let's do its naming step by step.

For 4 carbon bonds, we use but. M for 1 carbon, H for 2 carbons, C for 3, and B for 4. Here we have total 4 carbons. So here we will use but. Now look at the carbon chain of this compound. All the bonds in this carbon chain are single bonds.

And for single bond, we use an. If all the bonds on the carbon chain are single bonds, then use ane. If there is at least one double bond, use ene.

And if there is even one triple bond, then use ane. So here we will use ane. So but plus ane gives butane. Now there are two functional groups in this compound. OH alcohol and Cl Chloro.

From alcohol and Chloro, we consider alcohol as the main functional group and Chloro as a substituent. For the main functional group, we use suffix. And for Substituent, Prefix. Suffix is the part which we put at the end of the name.

And Prefix is the part which we put at the beginning of the name. For Alcohol, we use suffix "-ol". And for Chlorine, we use prefix "-chloro".

So "-ol", will be used at the end of the name. And "-chloro", will be used at the beginning of the name. There is a rule in Naming, that if the Functional Group starts with vowel, then we have to remove "-e", from "-ain".

we can't use two vowels together. So remove the "-e". Chlorine and alcohol, where are they in the compound?

That can make a difference in naming. Suppose chlorine is here, or chlorine is here. So we consider it as a different compound. And if it is a different compound, then its name should also be different. So it is important to tell us after numbering, where is chloro and where is alcohol.

So what is the method of numbering? So let's do the numbering of this compound. Alcohol and Chlorine have higher priority. So we have to do the numbering in such a way that we take alcohol at the lowest location.

So let's do its numbering. First of all, we do the numbering of the main chain carbons. And numbering starts from the starting point of the main chain or the ending point. And numbering is done in such a way that the main function group gets the lowest lock-end.

So here alcohol is the main function group. So according to this numbering is to start from this end. We will do numbering thoroughly in this chapter, but for this example, you just need to keep these things in mind. So this is correct numbering. Now look at the positions of all the substituent and functional groups.

Here chlorine is in third position, so we will use three chloro or alcohol first position pair so we will use one hole so we will write its name as three chloro butane one hole a big or important cheese joaqo de on me a cnea naming may parallel at her always be capital. So C in Chloro is the first letter, so it will be capital. And apart from this, no other letter should be capital. So all the coming names, you have to remember this.

And this compound, you can also write 3-chlorobutanol. This is because, if we don't mention the position of the ole, then by default, it will be considered as 1-ole. So 3-chlorobutanol.

is equal to 3 chlorobutan 1ol. So this was the naming. Now let's analyze this IUPAC name.

Look at this naming. First of all, we mentioned substituent. After substituent, we mentioned number of carbons.

And after number of carbons, nature of what? And finally, function group. We will follow this order in all the organic compound naming.

And if we simplify it further, we can. So, this part is called prefix, this part is called word root and this part is called suffix. While naming, we will follow this order. Now, one more important example. This is a cyclic compound.

Now, in this example and the previous example, there was only one difference. The previous compound was an open chain and this compound is a cyclic compound. Rest of the things are the same.

So first of all, let's understand this cyclic structure. If you write this compound by expanding it, it will look something like this. Every corner of this cyclic structure represents a carbon.

Here is a total of... total 6 corners i.e. this compound has total 6 carbons. Now look at the edges of this cycle. The edges of this cycle tell us what type of bond is there in this compound.

Single line means single bond, double line means double bond, 3 lines means triple bond. Here, all the edges have single lines, i.e. there are only single bonds on it. So the first structure is called bond line structure.

and second structure is called expanded form. So in this structure, there are 6 carbons, all the bonds are single, and it also contains alcohol and chlorine. So this is exactly like the previous one, but this time it is cyclic.

First of all, we will do its numbering like the previous example. So we have to do numbering with the carbon which has the main function group. And here the main function group is alcohol.

So let's do the numbering. So alcohol is at 1 and Cl is at 4. So we will name it in proper order. First prefix, then word root, then suffix.

For chlorine we use chloro and since chloro is at 4th position So we will use the suffix. we will write 4-chloro. And since this is a cyclic compound, so we will write cyclo for it.

Now since this compound has total 6 carbons, and for 6 carbons we use hex, so write hex. Since in this compound, all the all bonds are single bond so we will use ane and because alcohol is the main function group so we will use ole here so the structure of this name is 4-chloro plus cyclo plus hex plus ane plus ole so ultimately we will write it 4-chloro cyclohexanol so this is a typical IUPAC name in this compound there are all the components which can be in an IUPAC name so the middle one is hex or isse hamke This is what we call word root. Word root tells us how many carbons are there in the compound.

There is a complete list of word roots which I will tell you later. After hex, we have ane. This part is called primary suffix. Primary suffix tells us whether there is a single bond, double bond or triple bond in the compound.

For single bond, we use ane. For double bond, we use ine. For triple bond, we use ine.

After ine, we have ol and this part is called primary suffix. called secondary suffix. Secondary suffix tells us which functional group is used in a compound.

Before the word root hex, we have written cyclo. Cyclo is primary prefix. Cyclo word tells us whether the compound is cyclic or non-cyclic. If the compound is cyclic, then use cyclo.

And if the compound is not cyclic, open chain, then don't write anything. Before cyclo, we have written chloro. And chloro is here secondary prefix.

Prefix tells us which substituents and side chains are used in the compound. Chloro is a substituent in this compound so we have written it in the very beginning. So in the coming compounds you will observe this order. First we will tell side chains and substituents and then cyclo if compound is cyclic then and then we will tell number of covens and then we will tell if compound has single bond or double bond or triple bond and in the end we will tell if compound has double bond bound mein kaunsa function group laga hai. So we are going to follow this order.

Secondary prefix plus primary prefix plus word root plus primary suffix plus secondary suffix. And we can't alter this order. We can't change anything.

Ab next part mein hum dekhenge list of all word roots, prefix and suffix. So let's see complete list of word roots, prefix and suffix in this section. So first of all, let's see the complete list of word roots. list of word roots. If there is only one carbon in our chain, then we will use METH.

If there are two carbons, then we will use ITH. If there are three carbons, then we will use PROP. If there are four, then we will use BUTE.

If there are five, then we will use PENT. If there are six, then we will use HEX. If there are seven, then we will use HEFT.

For eight, we will use OCT. For nine, we will use NONE. For ten, we will use TEC.

For eleven, we will use UNTEC. For twelve, we will use DODEC. You will only need twelve. If you want to go beyond that, you can check this list.

Next is Primary Suffix. So it is clear. It's ein, een or ein based on number of bonds.

Next is secondary suffix list. What is secondary suffix for? For functional groups.

So let's discuss complete list of functional groups here. First of all, COH means carboxylic acid. You will use Oic acid for it.

CS3, CS2, COOH. Here you have to keep in mind that we will count carbon of carboxylic as well. So here we have total 3 carbons and single bond in the chain. So we will use propane and for COH we use Oic acid Because Oic starts with O which is a vowel So we will delete E from AIN So its correct name is propane noic acid CHO is aldehyde and for aldehyde we use L So let's see this compound with three carbons, single bond and aldehyde So we will call this compound propanol Now CO, so this is ketone and for this we will use One So see this compound.

Both the compounds have 5 carbons and all the single bonds in the carbon chain and 1 ketone. But the position of ketone is different in both. So let's do the numbering. In the first one, ketone is at second position. So we will name it as pentane 2-one.

And in the second one, ketone is at third position. So it will be named as pentane 3-one. Now let's move to OH. You know it. its alcohol and we use ol for it.

We have used it in previous examples, so we will not do it here. Now some new ones, which you might not have used in 10th class also. It is CO2. This functional group is called Acidamide and we use Amide suffix for it.

So CS3, CS2, CO2. Again 3 carbons and single bonds in the carbon chain and 1 Acidamide. So it will be written as Propane Amide. COCl.

This is called Acid Chloride and we use oil chloride for it. CS3, CS2, COCl. So what will be its name? Propanoyl Chloride.

Now next one is COOR. This is ester group. It has two parts.

COO and R. So what is R? This is alkyl group.

Let's see how it's named. Alkyl with one carbon, methyl. Alkyl with two carbons, ethyl. Propyl with three.

Char wala butyl. I hope you get this pattern. To ester mein ye R hai alkyl.

Now let's come to the nomenclature. Look at this compound. This is ester.

Isme do parts hai. This part is written as alkyl and this part is written as alkanoid. To complete name hoga alkyl alkanoid. So look at this alkyl part.

Isme sirf A carbon hai. So we will call it methyl. Now look at this alkanoid part.

This part has total 4 carbons. So we will use butanoid for this part. Combining both, we get methyl butanoid.

So this is how we will name the ester. Let's do one more example. CS3COO CS2CS3 So divide this compound as well. This time, there are 2 carbons in the alkyl part.

So this part is called ethyl. Now look at the alkanoid part. Here there are total 2 carbons. So it will be called ethanoid. So this compound is Ethyl Ethanoate.

So this was ester. Now next functional groups. CN and NC. First one is cyanide and other is isocyanide.

Both look the same but they are different. Look at these two compounds. One is cyanide and other is isocyanide.

Cyanide is bonding with carbon and isocyanide with nitrogen. So that's the difference between both of them. Now let's come to naming. Cn means cyanide, for this we use suffix nitrile.

So, Cs3, Cs2, Cn. This compound has total 3 carbons. And due to cyanide group, we will use nitrile.

So, its IUPAC name is propane nitrile. Now, because nitrile starts with N, which is not a vowel, so we did not delete E from N. Now, let's name this isocyanide. IUPAC name is not for isocyanide.

There is only common name for it. The writing method of this compound is alkyl isocyanide. So here we have two carbon alkyls, so that is Ethyl and then Rite isocyanide.

So this compound is Ethyl isocyanide. Next is NO2 and ONO, Nitro and Nitrite group. There is a difference in bonding side in both these groups. Nitro has bonding with nitrogen and nitrite with oxygen. And both have different structure.

Now let's come to the naming. For Nitro group, we use prefix Nitro which comes before the word root. Here we have Nitro and Ethane. So we will call it Nitro Ethane.

CS3, CS2, Ono. Ono Nitrite, they also don't have any IUPAC name, but they have a common name. It is named as Alkyl Nitrite. Very similar to Isocyanide group. First part is called Ethyl and other is Nitrite.

So it will be called Ethyl Nitrite. Now next is OH and SH. Alcohol and Thiol Alcohol.

The way we use the word ole for alcohol, similarly we will use thiol for thioalcohol. Let's do a quick naming. First one is called Ethanol. And second one is called Ethanethiol.

Now the next one is primary amine, secondary amine and tertiary amine. So what is the difference between all of these? Primary amine has only one alkyl group. Secondary amine has two alkyl groups. And tertiary amine has 3 alkyl groups.

Now let's do their nomenclature step by step. Primary amine look like this. And we use suffix amine for it. So CS3, CS2, NS2. Look at this compound.

2 carbon, single bond and primary amine. So we will write this compound as ethane amine. Next is secondary amine. In secondary amine, there are 2 alkyl groups around nitrogen.

So its name is written in this form. N-alkyld alkyn amine. Let's understand it with this compound. Its name is written in this form.

N-alkyl-alkenamine. Let's understand it with this compound. There are two parts in this compound. First one is main chain and other is side chain.

Main chain is the one which has the most carbon. So, main chain will be this. And this will be written as alkenamine. Now the second alkyl group that is left, that will be treated as a side chain. And for that we will write N-alkyl.

So, up is compound main. Main chain has two carbons and amine. So we will write it as Ethane Amine. Side chain has only one carbon.

So we will write it as N-Methyl. So the name of this compound will be N-Methyl Ethane Amine. Now, the case of tertiary compounds. It is very similar to secondary amine.

We will write it like this. N-Alkyl N-Alkyl Alkane Amine Secondary amine has only one side chain. But tertiary amine has two side chains. That's the difference. Rest of the things are same.

So again, first of all we will make the main chain. So 3 carbon alkyl is the longest chain. So that will be our main chain. So CS3, CS2, CS2N is our main chain.

We will call it propanamine. CS3 and CS3, CS2 are side chains. We will name them as N-methyl and N-ethyl. Now because ethyl starts with E and methyl starts with M. So we will write it in alphabetic order.

Ethyl first, methyl later. So the name of the compound is anethyl-anmethyl-propanenamine Now last functional group, anhydride. Let's name this compound. So first of all, count the number of carbon on both sides. On the first side, there are 3 carbons.

And on the other side, there are 2 carbons. So it will be named as ethanoic-propanoic-anhydride. And as usual, we have also We have taken care of the alphabetic order.

So you must have seen this format. Now let's come to the next example. Now there are three carbon in both the sides. But we will not write it as propanoic, propanoic anhydride. We will simply write it as propanoic anhydride.

Now it's time for the secondary prefix. Let's see the complete list of secondary prefix. For whom is the secondary prefix? For side chains and substituents.

So in this list, We will discuss side chains and substituents. So first one is alkyl group R. So because we have done it a while back, so we will not go in details again. It is written as methyl, ethyl, propyl.

So I hope you understand the pattern. Now the next one is RO. This is called alkoxy.

So alkoxy is named like this. CS3O, this is called methoxy. Next one is called ethoxy. And this one is called Propoxy.

I hope you get this pattern. Now let's move to halogen. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine. We use fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo.

as a prefix for them. There are some more side chains like phenyl, allyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl. We will use these side chains in this video. Now the next stage is nomenclature.

Now, let's talk about the rules of nomenclature. We will divide it into three parts. Main chain selection rules, numbering rules and naming rules. So, let's start with main chain selection rule.

First rule is longest chain rule. that whatever our main chain should be, that must be the longest chain. So let's see this compound.

In this compound, we can make a chain like this and like this. But ultimately, in which chain? So, the second one is right and the first one is wrong. So, this will be the 5 carbon chain, the main chain and the rest are side chains.

So, this one was a little obvious. But in case you get such a chain, then there can be a little confusion here. You can select the main chain like this. But this will not be correct.

We have to select the longest chain. So, this is the longest chain. So, this is the longest chain.

Pichle wale chain mein sirf 5 carbon the, par iss wale mein total 7 carbon hai. So this is the longest chain. Aur baaki sab ban jayenge side chain.

Ab chalte aage. How to select main chain when there is double bond, triple bond or any functional group in the compound. Ab iss case mein, this can be the longest chain, so this chain should be considered main chain.

Par aisa nahi hai. Kyuki iss compound mein double bond bhi hai. So we must include the double bond.

include that in the main chain. So main chain bhale hi longest chain na bane, but it must include double bond. So this is the correct main chain aur baaki sab hai side chain. Same rule tab bhi apply hoga jab compound mein triple bond ya functional group lagao. Let's see this compound.

This can be the longest chain, but as we know main chain mein functional group aur multiple bonds bhi aane chahiye. So this is the correct main chain. So having all this done, you know how to select main chain. Now look at this compound.

This should be the longest chain. But if you make it like this, then it is also the longest chain. Both have 6 6 carbons. Now whom should we consider as the main chain?

So whenever we have this kind of conflict, then count number of side chains. The one who has the most side chains, that is the main chain. In the first one, there are 2 side chains. And in the second one, there is only 1 side chain.

So we have 2 side chains. So according to this, the first chain is the main chain and we will consider this as correct. Second step, numbering. So the first rule is lowest locant rule. Locant as we know from the name, locant is location.

Here, the locant tells us the location of side chains, substituent, function group, double bond, triple bond. These locant should be lowest. Then only we will consider numbering correct. Now look at this example. This is our main chain and a side chain is attached on it.

Methyl. We have to do numbering in such a way that methyl gets lowest locant. So let's do the numbering from left to right.

In this case, the methyl came in the second position. Now, number this chain in reverse order. In this case, the methyl came in the fourth position. CS3 is getting lowest number when we numbered it from left to right. So, this is the correct way of numbering this chain.

So, in this case, there was only one side chain. Now, let's see this case. Obviously, this is the main chain.

Now, let's start numbering. If we number it like this, then the lock end of both the side chains will be 2 and the lock end of the third side chain will be 5. So in this case, the lock ends are 2, 2, 5. Now number it in reverse order like this. Now look at the locants. The first side chain is on 2 and the other two side chains are on 5. So its locants will be 2, 5, 5. So in this case, how do we decide which numbering is correct? So, first of all, we have to see the first locant.

If the first locant is same in both cases, compare the second locant. And if the second locant is same in both cases, then compare the third locant. So, in this example, the first locant is same in both cases. Both of them are getting locant 2. Now, move to the next one. In the first case, the locant is 2. And in the second case, the locant is 5. So, obviously, First one is getting the lowest locant.

2,2,5 is the lowest locant. So the first numbering is correct. And this is called lowest locant set rule. Now let's move on to the next example.

If multiple bond or function group is applied in compound, then they should get the lowest locant. In this structure, double bond should get lowest locant. We are giving priority to double bond instead of side chain. So, we are going to number it like this. Double bond gets second locant and withile gets fourth locant.

Now let's move on to the next example. This compound has a double bond and a triple bond. Here we will use lowest locant set rule. We have to do numbering in such a way that both of them get lowest locant. So you must have got the idea of where to do numbering by looking at the compound.

Do the numbering from the left. Now let's do next example. This also has a double bond and a triple bond. To understand what is special in this, you have to do numbering.

Now after numbering, write its log-ends. As you can see, in the first case also the log-end is 1,4 and in the second case also the log-end is 1,4. So whether you do numbering from left or from right, you are getting the same set of numbers. set of locant.

So this case is called equivalent numbering. Because both numbering are looking the same but both are different. In first case, locant 1 is going to double bond and in second case, locant 4 is going to double bond.

So both are equivalent numbering. are different. Now here comes a new rule.

While doing numbering, double bond and triple bond have higher priority. So we will give lowest lock end to the double bond. So the first numbering in which double bond got first lock end and triple bond got fourth, that numbering is correct. I will like to bring your attention to the previous example. In this, we followed lowest lock end rule.

And here triple bond got lowest lock end. This is because the lowest locant rule is more important than any other rule. Now look at this example. Here we have not violated the lowest locant rule. Here we had a choice, that's why we gave double bond the lowest locant.

But if we don't have a choice, then simply follow the lowest locant rule. Now look at this compound. Here we have double bond as well as function group.

Out of function group and double bond, the priorities of function group are So we have to do numbering in such a way that the functional group gets the lowest locand. So look at this compound. We have to do numbering in this way from the right.

Only then alcohol will get the lowest locand. So this is the correct numbering. Chain terminating functional group. CHO, COOH, COOR, CN, CONS2, COCL.

We call these groups chain terminating functional group. Numbering means ending. point. Ye function group main chain ke ending points pe lagey hota hai. That's why it's called chain terminating function group.

Look at this compound. Sabse pehla kaam hai main chain select karna. This is the longest chain but it's not main chain.

Main chain me humara function group bhi aana chahiye. Ab COH ko dekho, it is at the end point of this chain. So I hope you get the point of terminating group.

Ab baari hai numbering ki. Numbering humaish. terminating group ke carbon se hi shuru hoti hai. So it will be numbered from carbon of COOH.

So this is the correct way of numbering. So the numbering rules are done. IUPAC rule ke humne do parts kar liye main chain selection aur numbering.

Ab next part hai naming rules. Now it's time for naming. So let's start with this example.

Let's select main chain and do the numbering first. So first of all let's write side chain and then main chain. This compound has two side chains, methyl and ethyl.

Now first of all write ethyl or methyl. So here it is written as alphabetic order rule. All our side chains and substituents will be written in alphabetic order Methyl starts with M and ethyl starts with E E comes first and then M So this means that we first we will write ethyl first and then methyl so we will write it 3 ethyl 2 methyl now it's time for main chain main chain has 6 carbons and all bonds are single so we will call it hexane so first we will write side chains and then main chain So the name of this compound is 3-ethyl 2-methyl hexane.

Now next compound. So first of all select the main chain and do numbering. Whatever is left other than the main chain are side chains.

So here we have two side chains and both of them are the same. We have two methyl groups. So will we write 2-methyl 2-methyl with this? No. Whenever sidechains are repeated, we use die, try, tetra for them.

If two sidechains are repeated, we add die. If three are repeated, we use try. And what about four?

So in this case, the methyl is repeated twice. So we will add di. So it's dimethyl.

The correct way of writing this side chain is 2,2-dimethyl. Now we have to write main chain. And because there are 4 carbons in the main chain, we will write butane.

So the name of this compound is 2,2-dimethyl-butane. Look at this compound. Let's do its naming quickly.

First of all, select the main chain in it. Now, let's do the numbering of the two compounds. Since we have repeated the methyl three times, we will use tri-methyl. So, we will write this compound as 2,2,4-trimethyl-5-carbons-pentane.

Now, look at this compound. First of all, select its main chain. This compound has a methyl and an ethyl.

Now, how do we do the numbering? If you do numbering like this, then methyl will come in 3rd position and ethyl will come in 4th position. Now do numbering in reverse order. This time ethyl got 3rd lock end and methyl got 4th lock end.

So whether you do the numbering from left or right, we are getting the same locant. So now we have a choice, whether we give the third locant to methyl or give the third locant to ethyl. So in this case, we will give the lowest locant to which comes alphabetically first.

So, from Ethyl and Methyl, Ethyl comes first. That means Ethyl should get lowest locant. So, the third locant should go to Ethyl.

So, obviously, the second numbering is correct. So, the name of this compound will be 3-ethyl-4-methyl. Now, since there are 6 carbons in the main chain, so we will write it hexane. But keep in mind that from the lowest locant rule and alphabetic order, the priority of lowest locant rule is more.

In this case, we gave the lowest locant rule to Ethyl because we had a choice. But if we don't have such a choice, then we will give priority to lowest locant rule. But don't violate lowest locant rule for alphabetic order. Now look at this compound. First of all, select the main chain in it and do its numbering.

In this case, we have two methyl groups and one ethyl group. So this question matters. So let's do it and observe it. Here we have two methyl groups so we will use dimethyl and the other side chain is ethyl.

Now which of dimethyl and ethyl comes first alphabetically? You can say that dimethyl starts with D and ethyl starts with E. So this means that dimethyl should come first and ethyl later.

But this is not the case. Ethyl will come first and dimethyl will come later. This is because...

we do not consider di, tri and tetra while looking at the alphabetic order. Here in dimethyl, we will not consider the first letter D but M. So, this is why ethyl came first and dimethyl came later. So, for this reason, we will write 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl.

And since there are 6 carbons in the main chain, so it will be written hexane. So, this is 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-hexane. Now, let's talk about multiple bonds. Top.

So you know that for single bond we use IN, for double bond we use IN, for triple bond we use IN. So in this compound there are 4 carbons and 1 triple bond. For 4 carbon we use BUTE, for triple bond we use IN.

So it should be BUTE plus IN. And it is important to tell the location of triple bond. So let's do the numbering.

So triple bond came at second lock end. So we will call this compound BUTE. Bute to I. Now next compound.

This compound has two double bonds. So like we used to use die, try, tetra for side chains. So here also we will use die, try, tetra. This time we will not use in for double bond. But die in.

And if there are three double bonds. Then we use try in. So first of all let's do its numbering.

After numbering. one double bond is coming in first position and second double bond is coming in third position so we will write but plus 1,3 diene so in this case, diene is our primary suffix and whenever our primary suffix starts with a consonant then we have to add an a at the end of the word root because diene starts with d which is a consonant so we have to add an a at the end of the buta so the name of this compound is buta 1,3 diene Now this compound. This compound has double bond and triple bond.

So first we have to do its numbering. So we know who will be given priority, double bond. So start numbering from left to right. So this is numbering. Now it's time for naming.

So the way to write name is word root plus primary suffix plus secondary suffix. Now this compound can be written in two ways. As a derivative of alkene or as a derivative of of alkyne. If we write it in the form of derivative of alkyne, then it will come in the position of primary suffix "-ine", and in the position of secondary suffix "-ine".

And if we write it in the form of derivative of alkyne, then the primary suffix the position of the primary suffix is in and the position of the secondary suffix is in. So now we have to decide whether we write it in the form of the derivative of alkyne or in the form of the derivative of alkene. Whenever there is a double or triple bond in the compound, we will write the compound in the form of the alkyne derivative.

That means the position of the primary suffix is in and the position of the secondary suffix is in. Now we have made 5 cars, so for that we will use bent. and then we will write IN and then INE After numbering, double bond came in first position and triple bond came in fourth position So it will be written as pent 1 INE 4 INE Till now we have done sidechains like methyl, ethyl, propyl but apart from these, there are many other types of sidechains So let's see some other types of sidechains So look at this one There is one carbon in it and double bond on linking side to normal one The methyl one is called methyl but here there is a double bond on the linking site. So we will call it methylene. Now look at this compound.

If it was normal, we would write ethene. But here there is a linking site on ethene. So it will be called ethinyl.

And we also call it vinyl. So you can use any of these two. We call it ethine.

Now if a linking site is put on it, then what will it become? Ethane. If this is a Methylene, then what will we call it? Ethylene But Ethylene is a common name of Ethene So we will not call it Ethylene, we will call it Ethylidine This is not the exact reason, but you can remember it this way Now it's time to use these side chains Let's do this example This compound has two double bonds and a triple bond So the first thing is the main chain selection Main chain lock The longest chain should have double and triple bonds.

Notice that both double and triple bonds cannot be in the same time. But because we have to select the longest chain, In the main chain, there should be maximum double or triple bonds. So this should be the main chain.

So the side chain that came here, this is a special type of side chain. Whose naming we have done now. Now let's do the numbering. Simply follow the lowest low control. So this is the numbering.

First of all we will write side chain. We have just discussed side chain. This side chain is called ethinyl. So we will write side chain as 4-ethyl. Now the name of main chain.

There are 7 carbon in main chain. There is a double bond. or a triple bond B. So it will be named as a derivative of alkyne. So it will be named as hapt-1-ene-phi-yne.

So the name of this compound is 4-ethanyl-hapt-1-ene-phi-yne. Now functional groups. So let's start with functional groups.

So let's start with functional So let's start with this one. So the first thing to do is to select the main chain. So you know that our main chain should be the longest and it should have a terminating function group. So this is the correct main chain.

And now the rest are side chains. Now it's the turn of numbering. So there is no confusion in numbering. Numbering will start with the carbon of the terminating group. So let's do the numbering.

So we're going to do the So this will be number 1. On the second locand, there is 1 ethyl and 1 methyl. So we will write 2 ethyl 2 methyl. And in the main chain, there are 4 carbons and aldehyde. So we will write it butanal.

So the name of this compound is 2 ethyl 2-methylbutanel Now look at this compound This compound has a function group B and a double bond B So in our main chain, double bond and function group should come together So this is the correct main chain. And the remaining is side chain. Now it's time for numbering. We have to do numbering with that carbon which is very close to alcohol. So this carbon is close to alcohol.

So we will start numbering from here. So let's do the numbering. Here our side chain is ethyl. It is coming at third position. So we will write 3 ethyl.

In our main chain, there are 4 carbons, and a double bond and a functional group. So we will write but plus in plus ol. And since double bond is in third position, so we will use 3-in. And here alcohol is in functional group and it is in first position, so we will write 1-ol.

As you know that you can omit 1, so you can write 3-ethyl but 3-in-ol. Now last compound is this one. Alcohol is coming twice in this.

And since alcohol is repeating here, so we will write di-. If there was one alcohol, we would have used OL. But since there are two alcohols here, we will use DI-OL. So first of all, do the numbering. So two alcohols came in the first and second position.

So we will write 1,2-DI-OL. We have three carbons in our chain and single bonds. So we will use prop or ane. So this compound is written as propane 1,2-DI-OL.

So we will write prop 1,2-DI-OL. Now you can notice that we haven't removed the E from the N. Why? Because di-ol starts with D and D is a consonant.

Now let's look at the complex chains. We had done side chains normally till now. But now look at these side chains.

Look at this one. Here there is a side chain on the side chain. Look at this one. Here there is a side chain on the side chain. And look at this one.

Here there is a functional group on the side chain. And look at this one. Here there is a double bond on the side chain.

So these side chains are not normal side chains. These are called complex side chains. In this section, we will learn to name complex chains. In these compounds, we have to name them twice.

First of all, the complex chain and then the entire compound. So let's do some example and understand it. So start with this one. So the first thing to do is to select the main chain.

So this is going to be the main chain. And this time the side chain is a complex chain. This is the main chain.

First of all, we have to name the complex chain. So, we will use the same rules which are used for normal organic compounds. So, let's start its naming. So, the first thing to do is to select a main chain in this complex chain.

So, the first rule is that the main chain should start from the linking side. And it should be the longest chain. So, according to this, this is our main chain.

And the remaining ones are the side chains. So, the main chain is here. 2 side chains.

Now it's time for numbering. In complex chain, numbering always starts from linking side. So no need to think much here.

Number 1 goes to this carbon which is connected to linking side. Now it's time for naming. So first we'll write side chain then main chain.

So here are 2 methyls at first log end. So for them we'll write 1,1 dimethyl. Now we'll name main chain. Main chain has two carbons, so we will use ith for it. And since it is a side chain, we will use i for suffix.

So its name will be ethyl. So the name of this complex chain is 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl. Now next rule. Complex chains are always written inside a bracket. So put a bracket around it.

So this is how we named the complex chain. Now its time to name the entire compound. so first thing is numbering, and for numbering we will follow lowest lock end rule so this is numbering, so complex chain came on 4th lock end so first we will write complex chain 4 1,1 dimethyl ethyl now we will write main chain, now here there is 7 carbon on main chain so we will use heptane for this So this compound is named as 4,1,1-dimethyl ethyl haptane. Now next example, there is nothing different in this compound.

This time only two complex chains are used in the compound. And both the complex chains are same. So you must remember what we used for normal side chains.

For example, we used to write dimethyl for 2-methyl, trimethyl for 3-methyl. But in the case of complex chain, we don't use di-tri. We use different prefixes for them. For 2, we use bis, for 3, we use tris, for 4, we use tetrakis, and for 5, we use pentakis.

Because complex chain has been repeated twice, so we will use bis for this. So we don't need to name this complex chain. It is exactly the same one that we named in the previous example. So we call it 1,1-dimethyl ethyl.

And because complex chain is repeated twice, so we will add bis. So it is bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl. Because both complex chains are on fourth locant, so we will write 4,4-bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl. And because there are 7 carbons in main chain, So we will write haptane.

So this compound is 4,4-bis-1,1-dimethyl ethyl haptane. Now name this compound. This question also has same complex chain.

So let's see what is special about this. We have a complex chain and a normal side chain. Complex chain's name is dimethyl ethyl and side chain's name is ethyl. Now the question is, who will come first alphabetically?

So you must remember that we used to write ethyl first and dimethyl later because we did not consider ditritetra. So if we had written dimethyl and ethyl, we would not have considered D and M. So ethyl would have come first and dimethyl later. So we used to do this.

we were looking for normal side chains. But in the case of complex chain, we consider di, tri, tetra. We will consider di-methyl as D and ethyl as E. So this means that di-methyl will come first and ethyl will come second.

Now it's time for numbering. There are two possible cases for this. It can be numbered in two ways. This compound can be numbered from left or right. Locants will be the same.

But we have to give the lowest locant to the one that comes first alphabetically. Because our complex chain, dimethyl ethyl, will come first from dimethyl ethyl. So the fourth locant should go to dimethyl ethyl. So this is the correct numbering.

So we have to give the lowest locant to the one that comes first alphabetically. So the name of this compound is 4, 1,1-dimethyl ethyl, 6-ethyl and because there are 9 carbon in this chain, so it's nonane. So this was a complex chain. We have completed all of its rules using these three examples.

Now let's talk about poly-function groups. Poly means many, so poly-function group means many-function group. Now we will do naming of such compounds, in which only one organic compound has 2-3 different types of function groups.

So how to do naming in that case? We will follow a priority table for it. The priority table which is at higher level, its priority is higher.

And the priority of the function group which is higher, we call it primary function group. And the priority of the function group is the number of functions. And the priority of the function group that is low, we consider it as a secondary function group. So let's do an example and understand this concept.

In this compound, alcohol and carboxylic are both present. We will do priority table later. But now keep in mind that carboxylic and alcohol have higher priority than carboxylic.

So COH is primary function group and alcohol is secondary function group. Primary function group will come in main chain. So this is our main chain. chin and we will treat secondary function group as side chains and substituents.

For secondary function group we use prefix, alcohol, for this we use suffix old but here we will not use suffix, here we will use prefix because alcohol is secondary function group so now just remember that because alcohol is secondary function group so we will use prefix for it and that prefix is called hydroxy and for primary function group we use normal suffix means for COH we will use normal Oic acid suffix nothing different so first of all we will name this main chain main chain has 5 carbons and a C So, we will call it as pentanoic acid. Now, let's do numbering. We will start numbering with COH because it is a terminating group.

So, this is the numbering. OH is at 5th position. And this time, we have to use prefix hydroxy for OH. So, we will write 5-hydroxy. Now after prefix we have to write main chain.

And main chain is our pentanoic acid. So this compound is 5-hydroxypentanoic acid. Now let's see priority table.

Now there is a systematic way to learn priority table. So let's learn it in a systematic way. In priority table, first comes carboxylic acid. And after carboxylic, priority is of carboxylic derivatives. So which are carboxylic derivatives?

COR, COCL, CONH2. All of these are made from carboxylic acid. That's why it's called carboxylic derivative.

So first one is ester, second is acid chloride, third is acetamide. We had already named all of these. We know what suffix we have to use for them. But in this section, we are going to see what prefix we have to use for them.

So after this comes function group with triple bonds. So in this list, we have Cyanides and Isocyanides. So cyanide is written as C triple bond N. Isocyanide is written as N triple bond C. Next comes the functional groups with double bond.

So in this list, we have CHO and CO, Aldehyde and Ketone. And last is functional group with single bond. So in this we have OH, SH, NH2, NHR, NR2.

Alcohol, Thio alcohol, Amine, Secondary amine, So this is how you can remember priority table. First of all, Carboxylic, then Carboxylic derivative, then triple bond groups, then double bond groups, then single bond groups. So what should be their new name as a prefix?

For example, we used hydroxy for alcohol. What will we use for these groups? First of all, Carboxylic. For Carboxylic, we will use Carboxy.

Next is ester. For this, we will use Alkoxycarbonyl. If you divide COR into two parts, then we have OR and CO. OR part is called Alkoxy and CO part is called Carbonyl.

Now next is COCl. It is chlorocarbonyl. So how to remember this?

It also has two parts, Cl and Co. Cl for Chloro and Co for Carbonyl. So we will call it chlorocarbonyl. Now next is CONH2 Acetamide.

And for this we use carbamoyl. Next is cyanide, for this we will use the prefix cyano. It's easy to remember because the functional group is called cyanide.

So, cyano is after that. Next is isocyanide, for isocyanide we use the prefix isocino. Next is aldehyde, for aldehyde we use formaldehyde. Next is ketone, for ketone we use oxo or keto. Next is OH, for this we use hydroxy.

Next is SH. For SH we use sulfenyl. NS2, Amine. For Amine we use Amino. NHR, for this we use alkyl amino.

Then comes NR2. And for this we use dialkyl amino. These were the function groups which we can use as prefix and suffix.

But there are some function groups which are always treated as substituent. First is OR, that is Alkoxy. Then comes Sr, it is alkyl thiol.

Then F, Cl, Br and I. For these we use fluoro, chloro, bromo, ido. Then comes NO2, for this we use nitro.

And we use azido prefix for this one and diazo prefix for this one. Having it all done, let's do two examples. So in this compound there are two functional groups, ketone and carboxylic acid. According to priority order, COH Lies above CO That means carboxylic acid was our main function group And ketone was our secondary function group So we will use oxo-preface for ketone Now let's do the numbering So you must have known about numbering We have to start numbering from carboxylic carbon Because it is terminating group So let's do the numbering So this is numbering And where did ketone come?

Ketone came at 3rd position So the name is 3 oxo. And because there are 5 carbons in the main chain and it is carboxylic, so it is pentanoic acid. So it is 3 oxo pentanoic acid.

Now second example. Look at this compound. It has a total of 4 function groups.

So let's write them in order of their priority. First comes CuNs2, acetamide. After that, Co, ketone.

Then OH, alcohol. And then Ns2, amine. So, in the priority table, first comes CONS2. So, it is our primary function group. So, for CONS2, we will use the normal suffix, and that is AMIDE.

But for the remaining three, we will use oxo for CO, hydroxy for OH and amino for NS2. Now it's time for numbering. So it's simple, we have to do numbering with CO and S2 because CO and S2 is a terminating group.

So let's do the numbering. So oxo got fourth locant, hydroxy got third locant and amino got second locant. Now it's time for naming.

So for naming, just follow the alphabetical order. So alphabetically, first comes amino, then hydroxy, and last oxo. So it's 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo. And our main chain has 5 carbons and acid amide.

So for this we'll use pentanamide. So we'll call it 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-pentanamide. Now it's time for cyclic compounds. Now it's time for cyclic compounds.

So let's do cyclic compounds in more details. So first of all, we will do the naming of these two compounds. Now let's name these two compounds. First of all, this compound is looking like a square.

But it is not a square, it is a cyclic compound. Every corner of it represents a carbon. There are total four corners here, which means there are total four carbons here.

So for the four carbons, we use butane. But because this time it is a cyclic structure, So this is called as cyclobutane. The second one is also a cyclic structure.

It has 6 carbons and a double bond. So first we will write cyclo, then hex and then ene. Because here there is a double bond.

So this is called as cyclohexene. So this was the basic thing. Now we will do some examples and each example will tell us about a new rule. Look at this compound.

This compound also has a cyclic ring. and open chain too. So what will be the name of this compound?

The first thing to do is to decide which part is main and which part is side. For this we will count number of carbons on cyclic ring and open chain. Whoever has more carbon that is principal part. Here on cyclic ring there are 6 carbons and in open chain there are 4 carbons. So obviously, cyclic ring is principal part and open chain is side chain.

Since cyclic is the principal part, its name should be like a normal cyclic compound. Cyclic has a total of 6 carbons. So we will write it as cyclohexane. Now it's time for side chain.

Our side chain has 4 carbons. So its name is butyl. Now it's time for numbering.

Since cyclic is the principal part, we will number the cyclic carbons. And simply follow the lowest loken tool. So here we will start numbering with butyl. So butyl gets locant 1. So finally we will write this compound as 1 butyl cyclohexane. Now next example.

Here there are 6 carbons on cyclic ring and 6 carbons on open chain. Both have equal carbons. So in this case, who is considered as the principal chain? In such case, we give priority to cyclic ring. So same like last one.

This time also, the cyclic ring is the principal part and the open chain is the side chain. So, the naming of this compound will be like the previous example. So, it's going to be 1-hexyl-cyclohexane.

Now, next case. This time, there is less carbon in the cyclic and more in the open chain. There are 3 carbons in the cyclic and 4 carbons in the open chain.

So, in this case, the open chain is the principal chain and the cyclic part is the substituent. In normal condition, This cyclic compound is called cyclopropane. But this time since it is a substituent, so this time we will write it as cyclopropyl.

And this time the numbering will be on open chain. Because cyclopropyl is at locant 1, so we will write it 1 cyclopropyl. And since there are total 4 carbons in the main chain, so we will call it butane.

So its IUPAC name is 1 cyclopropyl butane. Next compound. This compound has an open chain and two cyclic rings.

In such a case, no matter how big the cyclic ring is, we will consider the open chain as the principal part. In this case, there are only two carbons in the open chain and three carbons in the cyclic ring. But since the cyclic ring is more than one, in this case, we will consider the open chain as the principal chain and the cyclic ring as the substituent.

There are three carbons in the cyclic ring, so we will write this as the first one. Cyclopropyl Now it's time for numbering Here at first and second position There are two cyclopropyls So ultimately it will be written as 1,2-dicyclopropyl. And there are two carbons in the open chain, so it's ethane.

So this compound is 1,2-dicyclopropyl ethane. Now next example. Now let's see the power of multiple bonds.

This compound has a double bond. Here there are three carbons in the cyclic ring and three carbons in the open chain. In the normal case, the cyclic ring is considered the principal part.

But in this case, there is a double bond. The part where the double bond is present, it will increase the priority. Even though here, the cyclic is considered the principal part, but because a double bond is placed in the open chain, then we will consider the open chain as the principal part.

And the cyclic part as just a substituent. So let's do the numbering. During the numbering, double bond is more important than substituent. So we will start the numbering from the right side.

So this is the correct numbering. Here, we will call cyclic ring as cyclopropyl. And since it is at the third position, so we will write it as 3-cyclopropyl. There are 3 carbons in the open chain and a double bond too. So we will write it as prop-1-ene.

So the name of this compound is 3-cyclopropyl-prop-1-ene. Next example. In this case, the open chain is bigger than the cyclic chain.

There are 4 carbons in the open chain and 3 carbons in the cyclic ring. But since we have used double bond on cyclic ring, cyclic ring is the principal part. Now let's do its numbering.

The numbering of this compound will start with double bond. So let's do the numbering. Side chain is at third locant and double bond is at first. And side chain has 4 carbons.

So it is called 3-butyl. There are 3 carbons in cyclic ring and a double bond too. So we will write it as cyclo prop 1-ene.

So the name of this compound is 3-butyl cycloprop-1-ene. Conclusion is that in cyclic structures, multiple bonds are more important than longest chain. And functional group is more important than multiple bonds.

So let's see a compound which has functional group. Let's see this example. Open chain has 3 carbons and cyclic ring has 5 carbons.

But this time, functional group is used on open chain and double bond is used on cyclic ring. We know which one is more important. It's functional group.

So this time we will consider open chain as principal chain. Because it has functional group with it. Now let's come to numbering. So numbering is done in such a way that functional group gets lowest lock-end. So let's do the numbering.

Now first of all let's do the naming of principal part. It has 3 carbons and 1 alcohol. So you can write it propanol.

In this case cyclic ring. Interesting part hai. This cyclic ring will be treated like a complex chain.

Toh isme complex chain wale rules lagenge. Toh sabse pehla kaam hai numbering. Numbering linking side se shuru karni hai. Because it is a complex chain. So let's do the numbering.

Toh double bond aaya third position pe. So let's write its name step by step. Sabse pehle cyclo cause it's cyclic compound. Paanch carbons hai so use pent.

And since it is a double bond on the third position, so use 3-in. And since it is a side chain, so we will use the suffix "-ile". So it will be named as cyclo-pent-3-in-ile.

And since it is a complex chain, so we will write it in brackets. And this cyclic ring is on the second position on the principal chain. So this is written as 2-cyclo-pent-3-in. And after that, write its principal chain prop in order.

So this compound is 2-cyclopent-3-ene-1-yl-propanol. Functional groups on cyclic ring. I am showing you 6 cyclic rings with functional group. Inme se pehle 3 woh hai, jinme functional group cyclic ring ka part hai.

Alcohol, Ketone or Nitro. All of them are considered as a part of cyclic ring. But last 3 with Cyanide, Aldehyde, Carboxylic, they are not considered part of cyclic ring. Because their carbons are outside the cyclic ring.

So what will be the difference in naming? We will not use Nitrile for Cyanide, Al for Aldehyde, and Oic Acid for Carboxylic Acid. We will use new suffix for them. But the first category, its naming will be normal.

So the first one is called Cyclobutanol. For alcohol, we are using O here as well. And we use O anyway.

Next one is called cyclopentenol. Now here we are using O and we use O. Last one is Nitrocyclobutane. Nitro is used as a prefix and here also we are using it as a prefix.

Nothing changed. Now let's go to the second category. We need new suffix for them.

So let's see this list. This is their new suffix. And along with this is their prefix list. Prefix hasn't changed at all but suffix has changed. So let's understand it by implementing.

First example, it has three carbons, a cyclic structure and a cyanide group. For this we will use a new suffix, carbo-nitrile. So the name of this compound will be cyclopropane-carbonite. Next one has 5 carbons, cyclic structure and aldehyde group.

For aldehyde, new suffix is carb-aldehyde. So its name should be cyclobentane. carb-aldehyde Last one is cyclic structure, it has 6 carbons and carboxylic acid.

For carboxylic, new suffix is carboxylic acid. So the name of this compound is cyclohexane carboxylic acid. This is new suffix. You have to use this when main function group is not in main ring.

Only then you have to use this suffix. Now look at this compound. It contains ketone, carboxylase and aldehyde.

According to priority, COH comes first, then CHO and then CO. So COOH Carboxylic acid is the main function group. And the other two are secondary.

So here we will use prefix for aldehyde and ketone. For aldehyde, the prefix is formyl. And for ketone, it is oxo.

As you can see, prefix is There is no difference between these two. We normally use oxo and formyl for these and here too. So here we have total 6 carbon and along with that we have carboxylic acid.

So for this we will use cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Now it's time for numbering. Let's start numbering from carbon linked with CuH. Now we have two options. Either we do numbering clockwise or anticlockwise.

If you do its numbering clockwise, you will get 2 for mile, 6 oxo. And if you do its numbering anti-clockwise, you will get 2 oxo, 6 for mile. So in both cases, locant is same, 2,6. But we have to choose one of these two.

In this case, we will see which one comes first alphabetically. From for mile and oxo, for mile comes first. So second locant should go to for mile and 6 should go to oxo. So the first numbering...

is correct. So write it before main chain's name. So the name of this compound is 2-formyl-6-oxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid.

Aromatic compound. So the first aromatic compound is benzene. So this is benzene.

Benzene is a cyclic structure in which double bonds are alternately attached. And these double bonds continuously change their position. You can draw it like this too. If you expand this structure. It will look like this.

You have to name it like a cyclic compound. I am not going to go into specifics. But you will write it as cyclohex 1,3,5-triene.

But you will notice that we mostly use benzene for this compound. We don't use cyclohex 1,3,5-triene. Now let's move forward.

Now we are going to name these types of compounds. These are called benzene derivatives. Subsequent.

First is Methyl On Benzene. This is called Methyl Benzene. Another name for this compound is Toluene. Benzene with two Methyls. There are three possibilities in this compound.

Methyl groups can be attached together. A carbon can be attached separately. Or they can be attached completely opposite to each other. So first of all, do the numbering of these three. So this is the numbering.

Now in this compound, first we have to write side chains and then benzene. So in the first one, there are two methyl groups in first and second position. So it will be called 1,2-dimethyl. Now write benzene.

So it's 1,2 dimethyl benzene. Similarly, we will name the second one. It will be called 1,3 dimethyl benzene.

And we will call the third one 1,4 dimethyl benzene. When two side chains are adjacent to each other like this, then we call it ortho positioning. When side chains lies after a gap like this, We call it Meta.

And when side chains are in totally opposite directions, we call it Para. Dimethylbenzene is also called Xylene. In the first one, the side chain is ortho-positioning. So it's Ortho-Xylene.

Similarly, the second one is called Meta-Xylene. And third one is Next one, what will we call benzene if it becomes a substituent? In this case, we will call it phenyl instead of benzene. So this is phenyl.

Now look at this. Now look at these three structures. We are going to use them a lot. This is methylbenzene with one linking site on methyl. We call this structure as benzyl.

Now comes this structure, which has two linking sites on methyl. We call this structure as benzyl. And this one has three linking sites. We call this as benzo. Now let's use them.

Look at these three structures. Here are benzyl, benzyl and benzo. And their linking sites have chlorides.

So the first one is called Benzyl Chloride. Next one is called Benzyl Dichloride. And the third one is called Benzotrichloride.

So it's very simple. Now let's do more benzene derivatives. So this one is benzene with alcohol. This is called Phenol.

So this one is benzene with methoxy. And this is called methoxybenzene. And its second popular name is Anisole. I'll be skipping through. After this comes the combination of benzene and aldehyde.

This is called benzaldehyde. This one with COCH3. This is called acetophenone.

So basically what is this? This is ketone with methyl on one side and benzene on other. Methyl and ketone will make the main chain and benzene will make the substituent. So we will take the benzene part as phenyl. And next is CH3CO part.

This is called Ethanone. So, if we name it in a normal way, we will call it 1-phenyl-ethane-1-one. Next compound, it's obvious, it's nitrobenzene. This one with amine group 1 benzene, it's called aniline. Benzene with COH, it's benzoic acid.

Benzene with acid chloride, it's called benzoyl chloride. We use oil chloride for acid chloride. So that's why it's benzoyl chloride. benzene with CuNs2 amide group so it's called benzenamide benzene with SO3H sulfonic acid so it's called benzene sulfonic acid now the last one benzene with cyanide so it's called benzene carbonitrile now we will use these benzene derivatives in some examples and then IUPAC nomenclature is completely done first example is wale example me benzene pe night Nitro and Carboxylic are both used. Nitro is the substituent and Carboxylic is the main function group.

So this is the principal part of this compound. So we will write substituent first then principal part. So Benzene plus Carboxylic is called Benzoic Acid. And since Nitro is the substituent, we will write Nitro prefix for it. So it is Nitro Benzoic Acid.

And for Nitro's position, we will do numbering. we have to start with the carbon on which carboxylic is applied. So let's do the numbering. So Nitro came in second position.

So the name of this compound is 2-Nitro-benzoic acid. Now let's do its naming. It has three groups.

Aldehyde, Alkoxy and Alcohol. Alkoxy will be the substituent but which will be the main one between aldehyde and alcohol? Aldehyde is grouped with double bond and alcohol is grouped with double bond. single bond priority table according aldehyde I got a lay or alcohol I got bad man to Amara principal part who are benzene with aldehyde to benzene plus aldehyde coquette a benzaldehyde a budget alcohol and alkoxy or in Kelly hum use carrying a prefix alkoxy killa use of a myth Oxy or alcohol killa use of a hydroxy to in kill against pata laga TN number E killa yaha pe ham follow carrying a Louis flow control to s So, do the numbering in such a way that both the substituents are taken at the lowest locant. So, here we should do the numbering clockwise.

So, we got Methoxy at 3rd and Hydroxy at 4th. Now, write them in alphabetic order. So, first we will write 4-Hydroxy and then Methoxy.

And after that we will write Benzaldehyde. Now, one more example. This compound has two parts. One part is Benzene and the other part is Open Chain. Here, an functional group is applied on the open chain, i.e.

Bromine. So, because of this, the open chain became the main chain and the benzene became the substituent. Now, it's time for numbering.

For numbering, we will just follow the lowest-locant rule. If we do left-right numbering, then we will get lowest-locant. So this is the correct numbering.

So first of all let's write substituents. Because benzene is a substituent, so we will use phenyl for it. Here bromine is a functional group, but for this we use a prefix and that is bromo. For this we will write 2 Bromo 1 Phenyl And because there are 4 carbons in the main chain So we will use butane So this compound is 2 Bromo 1 Phenyl Butane Now the last compound Here one side is Benzene and the other side is cyclohexane.

Which will be the main and which will be the substituent of benzene and cyclohexane? In this case, we will consider benzene as the main and cyclohexane as the substituent of cyclohexane. So, we will call this cyclohexyl and benzene as normal benzene. So, its name will be 1-cyclohexyl-benzene.

If you have completed these school tuitions, then you must be aware that it takes at least 2-3 weeks to complete this chapter. But we have completed this chapter within 1.5 hours. So, Congratulations!

You have completed the IUPSC nomenclature in just 1.5 hours. Now your job is to use these rules and practice more and more questions. So this was IUPSC naming and you are watching Play Chemistry.

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Transcript for:Master IUPAC Naming with This Guide

Transcript for:
Master IUPAC Naming with This Guide