>> Hola, clase. Today we're going to have a big day, we're going to learn how to conjugate our first set of verbs, these are our "ar" verbs. I won't to tell you what they're called in grammatical terms, I don't want to confuse you so, let's just say these are our "ar" verbs. Most verbs in Spanish end in, "ar" so, the list is going to be longer for the "ar" verbs than it will be for the other verbs that we're going to study in Chapter 3. Those will be the "er" and "ir" verbs. So, what we're going to do is start with the textbook, right? We're going to go to page 47 in your textbook, section 2.1, present tense of "ar" verbs. And you are going to see a list of common "ar" verbs. So, what we're going to do is go over the list first, go over the pronunciation, and then we're going to work on the conjugations and pronunciation, a little bit more detail on pronunciation, inflection, accents, we're going to go over our first accent rule. And then we will continue on with more information about "ar" verbs. I'll try to break this up into three videos for you so, that it's not too much all at once. OK. So, we're going to take a look at this, a list of common "ar" verbs, and I want you to repeat with me. Repitan, por favor, bailar, buscar, caminar, cantar, cenar, comprar, contestar, conversar, desayunar, descansar, desear, dibujar, enseñar, escuchar, esperar. OK. So, that's the first column. So, you see lots of verbs. These are all very common, useful verbs. Now, notice that they all end in "ar," and in English, what is the English translation for all of these? What do they all start with? They start with a "to," right? So, remember that this form is called the infinitive, right? So, "bailar" means, "to dance," and when we have that verb, when we use it, no one is dancing, we don't know who's dancing, we don't know when the dancing takes place, we're just saying, "to dance." It's just the base form of the verb, that gives us the meaning, right? So, you have to memorize these meanings. So, the first part of this -- you know, enterprise, studying this, would be to know what these mean. On the test you need to know the meanings as well as the conjugations. So, you can't, you can't just, I'm not going to give you the verbs in Spanish, I'm going to give you the verbs in English and you need to know what they are in Spanish and you need to conjugate them in the appropriate forms, OK? So, that should help guide you in your studies, you're going to work on these in a few different ways. One is first starting with the memorization of what they mean, doing your flash cards, and then the second part will be how we use them, how we will conjugate them. Now, there are a couple of verbs on this first column, "desear" and "esperar." If you notice, they say "desear" plus "inf." That "inf" means infinitive, and don't worry about that right now. I will present that to you in the next lecture where I will talk about just the infinitive, OK? Alright. Columna número dos, estudiar, explicar, hablar, llegar, llevar, mirar, necesitar, practicar, preguntar, preparar, regresar, terminar, tomar, trabajar, viajar. Alright. So, let's go over the meanings of some of these verbs before we move on to anything else. OK. So, I want you to look at, "mirar" and "buscar." We're going to compare the two, alright? "Mirar" means to look at or to watch something. OK, so you're actually putting focus on that thing, and you're like, watching the television, you're watching a program, you're focused. Now, there's going to be another verb that we learn in, I think Chapter 4, which is the verb, "ver," which means "to see," and that means, we all have the ability, if we're lucky, to be able to see. And when we see, when we say, "to see," that's more of a passive use of our senses. Like, we see a lot of things, as we walk around throughout the day, but we're not necessarily focusing on all of those, right? So, that will come later, we'll talk about that in Chapter 4. So, for right now we're just using the verb "mirar," the "ar" verb. The one that requires a little bit more attention of your senses on to something that you are looking at, right? And then, we have the verb, "buscar." And "buscar" means "to look for." That would also mean like, in search of something, to search for something. So, that's how it differentiates from "mirar." So, I watch the game. "Yo miro el partido." I watch the television. "Yo miro la televisión." I'm looking for my keys. "Yo busco mis llaves." I'm looking for my book. I don't know where I put my book. "Busco mi libro." Notice that in English I'm looking for my book, in Spanish we don't need to express that word "for," because the verb "buscar" means "to look for." The "for" is built into the verb, alright? So, it's just, "busco mi libro." And the same thing will be for the verb, "esperar" at the bottom, it means, "to wait for." So, if I wait for the bus, in English we have to express the "for." In Spanish, "Yo espero el autobús." Notice there's no "for." That's built in. OK, now work hard to differentiate between the verbs "llegar," and "llevar." "Llevar," "llegar," sound very similar. It's one letter difference between the two. They mean entirely different things, right? So, "llegar" means, "to arrive." Now, "llevar" means "to carry," or to take something somewhere, to take someone somewhere. So, you're not necessarily carrying them in your arms, you're taking them somewhere, OK? So, I can carry my book, "Yo llevo mi libro," right? "Yo llevo mi libro." Or, "I'm taking something somewhere." I can take my book to class, "Llevo mi libro a clase." I can also take my mom to the airport, right? It doesn't mean that I'm carrying her, I'm just taking her. "Llevo mi mamá al aeropuerto." Or you can take your lunch to school, "llevo mi almuerzo a la escuela," right? What else? And then, I want to differentiate that type of take something somewhere so, you're literally grabbing it and taking it with you, taking it to a different place. And then the verb "tomar" which means just plain to take, like, to take medicine. "Yo tomo medicina," to take the bus, "tomar el autobús," right? To take an exam, "tomar un examen." Now, the verb "tomar" is used with so many things, right? Because we do take medicine or things like that so, we also have the expression in English, "to take a drink," in Spanish, "tomar algo," "tomar un té," to take a tea, to take a coffee. And then, there's another verb that literally means to drink, that's the verb, "beber," and that will appear in Chapter 2. Oh no, we're in Chapter 2 now, in Chapter 3, OK? So, "beber" is to embibe, to drink. That's all that means. Now, in Spanish, we have the verb, like we're talking about right now, the verb, "tomar" is used with certain drinks, "tomar un café," to take a coffee. And that was used so often that now the verb, "tomar" is a synonym of "beber." So, it's now considered a legitimate way to say, "to drink," OK? So, you can say, "tomo un café," and we will translate that as, "to drink a coffee." It literally means "to take a coffee," OK? Alright. So, what you should do is you should pause the video and work on memorizing the infinitives, the meanings of these verbs, and then, when you have a pretty good handle on it, we'll come back and we will work on some of the conjugations. Alright. So, now what we're going to do is we're going to review what conjugating means. So, remember we said that I can't say, "I to dance," right? That doesn't make sense in English, doesn't make sense in Spanish either. So, in order to take that infinitive, that verb, and use it to talk about what people are doing, you need to conjugate it, you need to make some changes to it, and those changes are assigning a person and assigning the tense. So, that we know who's doing the dancing and when that dancing is taking place. And that's called "conjugating." So, we're going to learn how to conjugate "ar" verbs. We already worked with that with the verb, "ser," and "ser" is an irregular verb, so, it's its own verb, it's the only verb like that, right? So, it means all the forms that we learned, yo soy, tú eres, él es, nosotros somos, ellos son, that is the only verb that works that way. Now, all the verbs that we just looked at in that list of common "ar" verbs, will follow a pattern, will follow a formula. So, we're going to learn that formula now, and that means that every single verb on that list will work this way, right? So, that is what is called a regular verb. When we say the verb is regular, it follows this regular pattern that you can count on, as opposed to every verb being totally different. So, those are called, "irregular verbs." So, you have to then memorize this particular verb. But there are thousands of verbs, and it would be really hard if every single verb were different. So, thank goodness, most verbs follow a regular pattern, OK? And that's what we're going to be looking at now. So, I gave you, in your packets, I gave you this sheet, I'm going to share this. And I gave you this sheet in -- let me see what page. It's in the packet. I made it smaller, it's page three, so you have four of these little tables that I made, or these little charts on one page. So, as we go through and conjugate these verbs, you can conjugate them on that little worksheet that I made for you, or you can also conjugate some on your own as well. OK. So, let's start with one of the verbs on our list. Let's start with the verb, "comprar." Now, here we have, I'm going to put here -- oops. I'm going to do this. Alright. So, what I want you to notice with the verb, "comprar," is we have the "ar," and then we have the other part of the verb, right? So, all of the verbs on the list that we learned the list of common "ar" verbs, will all end in "ar." So, if you remove that "ar" ending, the part that's left is called, "the stem." The stem of the verb, right? En español it's called, la -- "La raíz," right? La raíz in Spanish means, "the root." In Spanish we say it's the root of the word, in English we call it the stem of the word. OK. So, in order to conjugate it, that means to be able to use this, to talk about people, doing this action, which -- what does this means? You remember "comprar?" It means to buy, that's right. OK. So, what we're going to do is we're going to put the root or the stem of that verb in all of the spaces that refer to people. All of these -- blanks here. So, remember we have the first person, second person, third person, all the plural people, this is going to be the same for the whole semester, it's going to be the same in Spanish II, it'll be the same in Spanish III, in IV, in V. We always have the two columns, they're always in that same order, we have the singular, the plural, the same people, it doesn't change, OK? So, now we're going to put the stem of that verb here, in all of the spaces, all of the blanks that belong to these people, and what we're going to do is we're going to change that "ar," we're going to have "ar" conjugation endings, right? And let me see if I can put this here for you guys. OK. So, our, up here, our "ar" endings -- "Ar" endings, let me underline that for you. Well, you know what? It's not going to work on this. So, I'm just going to add them here, OK? So, our "ar" endings are going to be, "o" -- "as." "a." "amos" -- oops. "ais." Let me pull that, and "an." There we go. OK. So, there you go. Here we have the endings, "o," "as," "a," "amos," "ais," "an." And those are the endings that we're going to put on to the stem of all those verbs that we have on that list of common verbs, OK? And so, now we have here, "yo compro," and that means, "I buy," right? And we have, "tú compras," and that means, "you buy," and "él compra," means, "he buys," right? So, they're now conjugated, they're assigned a person, and we've conjugated this in the present tense. So, we put different endings on it, that would be like the past tense, or the future tense, or the conditional tense, whatever other tense we have, right? Right. So, let's practice the pronunciation first. Repitan conmigo, por favor, compro, compras, compra, compramos, comprais -- oops, I made a mistake here, hold on. I don't know why the accent ended up on the -- on the i, it's on the a. OK. OK, otra vez, "compráis," "compran," OK? Right. So, we're going to do the same thing now, and I want you to conjugate the verb, "desear." "Desear." Oops, let's take that out. OK, there we go, and "desear" means? To desire, right? To want. So, on your sheet of paper I want you to conjugate this verb. We're going to pause the video, have you guys do that, and then we'll come back and we will check our answers together, OK? OK so, let's check your answers. And here we have el verbo, "desear," right? So, what I want you to notice is "desear," we remove the "ar" and we have "dese" as the stem, and sometimes students think that's not correct, because there are two vowels next to each other, that doesn't matter, that happens, that's fine, that works, right? Because that's the full stem after you remove the "ar," right? So, repitan conmigo por favor, deseo, deseas, desea, deseamos, deseáis, desean. OK? We're practicing "vosotros" and "vosotras" so that you know the conjugations, but after I introduce them and we talk about them a little bit, then we're not going to work with them really that much anymore, right? Because it's not something that you really are going to use here in California, a lot of people here have parents or grandparents that live in Mexico or Central America, it's not used there, so, we won't be working with that too much. OK. Alright so, what I want to do right now is have you do two more conjugations. I want you to conjugate two verbs, you have two extra blanks on that worksheet that I gave you, and we're going to work with the verb, "pagar." Which is not in that list of common verbs but we're going to add it because it's very common, and we used it a lot, it's the verb, "to pay." OK? And we're going to do, "practicar." To practice, OK? So, conjugate these verbs in the present tense, and then we'll come back and we'll check our answers, OK? Right. So, here we have the verb "pagar." What I did was I put the verb in different colors so that you can visually see what's happening here. All the people I've put in black, alright? So, these are the subject pronouns that we learned, these are the people who are the actors, the ones who are doing the paying in this case, OK? And then we have the verb. In blue I put the stem and then I put the "ar" ending, the infinitive ending in red, OK? So, that way you see how the verb works, we see the pattern, the regularity of these conjugations, OK? So, repitan conmigo, por favor, pago, pagas, paga, pagamos, pagáis, pagan. Same conjugation pattern, as we learned with "comprar," and "desear," right? Now, I want to point out a couple of things here. Is that notice that the "yo" form ends in an "O," OK? Now, this verb, remember these verbs here we have the singular column, here we have the plural column so, all the people here are singular, it means it's one person. I am just one person, right? So, your verbs in Spanish are singular or plural, they're not masculine or feminine. So, this ends in an "O," that's not the same "O" that we use for our nouns, right? So, our nouns have gender, our nouns are masculine or feminine, right? Which is a little weird for us, because we have like, you know, the table es "la mesa," it's feminine, and "the desk," "el escritorio," is masculine. We have to learn that for nouns. We don't learn that for verbs. So, this "O" is always "O" when a person is talking about themselves whether the person is masculine or feminine. So, I say, "yo pago," and a male would say, "yo pago," no difference, OK? The same thing goes here with "paga." Notice that it's both for, "él paga" and "ella paga," and "usted paga" so, it doesn't matter if the person's male or female, that verb is not feminine. That verb is just, we say this is the third person, remember, first, second, third person singular, alright? Alright, let's move on to the verb, "practicar." I did the same thing here, I didn't have room to put the -- my board is small so I didn't have room to put the people but we're going to put them in the same order, and you should check your answers. Repitan, practico, practicas, practica, practicamos, practicáis, practican. Alright. The next thing I want to discuss is this question that students often have who've had seen Spanish before, do we need to mention these people here? Do we need the pronoun or can we eliminate it? So, I'm going to explain this by first of all having you guys conjugate -- let's do the same verb, "pagar" en inglés, alright? So, the verb "pagar" en inglés, to pay. Oops. Now, let's conjugate it. We're going to put our people, right? So, I -- is the first person, I, you, he or she, we, you, that's the plural, you all, and they. OK? And now let's take our verb, "to pay," oh here. Let's put that in blue so, we know it's our verb. Right? So, I pay, you pay, and then what's the conjugation? He, she pays. Then in the plural, we pay, all of you pay and, they pay. Alright. So, here we have the conjugations. Now, what do you notice about our conjugations in English? Let me see now in this side here. What do you notice? That they look almost identical, the conjugations are almost all identical in English. In this case the only one that is a little different is the "he-she" form, right? And in the past tense, they're all identical. I paid, you paid, he paid, we paid, y'all paid, and they paid, yes? So, our verb conjugations in English are very, very simple, incredibly regular. So, the consequence of that is that we need to use these people. These subject pronouns are very necessary in English because verb conjugations don't really change, or very rarely do they show a change. If we didn't use the I, the you, the we, we wouldn't know who's doing the action, right? So, if I just say, "pay the bill," well, I pay the bill? Who's paying the bill? You paid the bill? We paid the bill? We need to say the person, and the only time we remove it conventionally, our convention in English is we remove it when we're giving a command. So, we know that we're talking directly to a person and we can say, if I say, "pay the bill," it means, "hey, you pay the bill," right? That's the only time we eliminate that person, the subject pronoun, right? Otherwise we need to use it. Alright, in Spanish what we see here is that the endings are all different. So, because these endings are different, and those endings always belong to that same person, we can still figure out who's doing the action, even though we don't mention that person. So, if I get rid of these here -- and I say, "pagamos," who's doing the action? "Nosotros," right? Because "nosotros" has the conjugation "pagamos," the ending is always "amos" for the "nosotros" form. So, for all these different verbs, tomamos, viajamos, bailamos, buscamos, llevamos, llegamos, esperamos, it's always the same, and it's always for the "nosotros" form. So, we can eliminate them. We're not as tied to them. Now, it doesn't mean we don't use them. We do use them. So, when do you use them and when do you eliminate them? Well, whenever you start talking about a new person, you always use the person, you always name the person or use the pronoun. So, if I were to start talking about myself, I start a sentence, a story, I would say, "yo." And then, as I continue to talk, you know that I'm talking about myself, I've introduced myself, and then I can eliminate it. And then I can put the "yo" back in. So, we don't like things to be static and boring and the same all the time and repetitive. So, we'll put it in, we'll leave it out, put it back in for emphasis, you know, we change it around, but we're not as tied to them, alright? Now, here we have, usted, él and ella, that all share that same conjugation, right? And the same when the plural forms. So, the pronouns here are used a little bit more often, you may have to clarify whom you're talking about so, that there's no confusion. But once you're sure that your audience understands, if you're talking about Ramón and it's "él," and you keep talking about him, without changing things around too much, then you can eliminate the "él" and just use the conjugation, OK? So, these can also be eliminated, you just have to be aware of how you're talking and know how you're writing and make sure that it's clear, that your context makes it clear whom you're talking about, alright? OK so, now -- [ Bell Ringing ] So, the next step is figuring out how to pronounce these words correctly, and that's going to tie into our use of accent marks, OK? So, this next part here is how to pronounce these words correctly, and where the intonation is and where the accent, where the stress of the word is and then if it needs an accent mark or not. Alright. So, we're going to learn our first accent rule, and before we learn how to use our accent marks, you have to learn the pronunciation rules, because the accent marks are based on our rules for how to pronounce words in terms of our intonation, right? Intonation would be how you have different inflections and in a word how much emphasis one syllable receives versus the other. So, we have this rule and in your notebook, you can write accent rule number one. When you write this down, leave space for accent rule number two, which we're going to cover in another chapter or two. So, that way in your notebook you'll leave some space and then you can put them all together. Today we're just going to do accent rule number one, and work with that, get comfortable with it and then later on I'll introduce the other one, so it's not too overwhelming all at once, OK? So, accent rule number one is, if a word ends in an "N," an "S" or a vowel, the stress or the emphasis of the word, the pronounced emphasis is on the second to last syllable, OK? So, write this rule down and then we'll come back and we'll talk about that and we'll see what that means. OK. So, what I put here are just some sample words that we may have learned already thus far in the class, or some cognates, and notice that these words end in an "N," an "S" or a vowel. And the way it works is that words that end in "N," "S" or a vowel, get stressed on the second to last syllable. So, that means if I were to separate this word, "si-lla," right? When we talk about these rules, pronunciation and accent marks, we start at the end of the word and we work towards the front of the word. So, we work backwards, it's not left to right, like when we read, it's like, the end of the word going backwards to the front of the word, right to left. OK? So, this is considered the last syllable, and this is the second to last syllable, and this is the one that's going to receive the stress. "Cua-der-no," sí, that makes sense, "cua-DER-no," right? Those are our three syllables, this is the last, this is the second to last. So, in this word, that's the part that's going to receive the stress. So listen to how they're pronounced. "SI-lla," "SI-lla," that has more stress. It's not "sillá," it's "SIlla." This is, "cuaDERno," right? Second to last, it's not "cuáderno," it's not "cuadernó," I'm not putting the stress there, I'm putting it here. CuaDERno, computaDORa. PUERtas. JOven. CHIcos. And it's that way for most of our words in Spanish. 99% of the words that end in an "N," "S" or a vowel are going to follow that rule. EstudiANte, venTANa. LapiCERra, profeSORa. That's just how we pronounce things, alright? So, notice that our verbs, the reason I'm choosing this moment to talk about this rule is because our verbs end in an "N," an "S" or a vowel, right? And so, when we pronounce these words, when we pronounce our verbs, we have to follow that stress rule, right? So, if you want to know how to pronounce them correctly, right, we split them into syllables and we stress the second to last syllable, right? So, here's the last and here's the second to last. That's going to be what we stress, right? Repitan, "pago." It's not "pagó," that's something else, we're going to go over that when we do the past tense. Pago, pagas, paga, pagamos, pagan, OK? Alright, now, when there is an exception to this rule, how we pronounce words, because there are some words, not every single word does this, there are some that have developed differently, and we pronounce them with the stress somewhere else, with the stress not on the second to last syllable. Sometimes it's on the third to last, sometimes it's on the last, and when that happens, since Spanish, the pronunciation is so regular, it just, like I said, 99% of the words that you encounter are going to follow this pattern. When it doesn't, what they will do for you is they will indicate that with an accent mark, OK? So, that accent mark, if you know the rule, it really is there to help you. It's there to help you know, "Oh, don't pronounce this the way all the rest of the words that end in 'N', 'S' or a vowel are pronounced. This one's going to be pronounced with the stress in a different place." And that's what happens here with the "vosotros" form, OK? So, notice that with the "vosotros," it ends in an "S," and the stress should fall here if it followed the pattern, right? Just like with, here, it's "pagas." This should be, "pagais," if it were regular, but we don't say, "pagais," we say, "pagáis." We put the stress here at the end, "pagáis." So, we add the accent mark to show that that syllable is the one that receives more emphasis, more umph when you pronounce it, OK? So, we have words like -- Like this in Spanish. And we're going to separate these into syllables, right? And then notice that this ends in an O, it's a vowel, so, the rule says it should be stressed here. So, it's interesting a lot of English speakers, we pick up language intuitively, and they pronounce this many times, "telefono," thinking that that's the way all our words that end in "N," "S" or vowel should be stressed, but you're going to see there's an accent mark there, right? And that tells us that it doesn't follow the rule. The stress is here instead of here. So, we're going to pronounce this, "teléfono," right? "Teléfono." This is a lemon in Spanish. It ends in an "N." The stress should go here, like in English, "LE-mon." We don't say, "le-MON," it's "LE-mon," right? But in Spanish we put that accent mark there, "limón." "Limón." And we have, OK, in English, "fanTAStic," "fanTAStic." In español, here's the vowel, the stress should be here. Or even if it were an "S," right? It doesn't matter. The stress should still be here, but it's an irregular pronunciation, we put that accent mark, I'll show you where it is, and we pronounce this, "fantásticos." "Fantásticos," not "fantastícos," "fantásticos." That's how your accent marks work. And that works with our verbs right now, and how to pronounce them. So, what I want you to do is I want you to split the conjugations of the verb, "practicar" into syllables, and I want you to underline where the stress will fall, where you're going to put that little extra emphasis when you conjugate these verbs, when you pronounce them, OK? And I will do that as well, and then we'll come back and we'll review our answers. OK. So, here we have el verbo "practicar," and I split it into the proper syllables. "Pagar" was a two syllable verb, "pa-go," "pa-gas," "pa-ga," right? And now we have, "prac-ti-co." I have underlined the second to last syllable and that's the one that when you pronounce, you're going to pronounce it with more emphasis. And what else do I want to say about that? It slipped my mind so, let's go over the pronunciation. "PracTIco," "pracTIcas," "pracTIca" -- I know what I was going to say. I was going to say that when you first learn how to do this, you can exaggerate where the pronunciation goes, just to get your brain used to it and your mouth used to it, and just your, you know, forming the habit of putting that extra emphasis on it. By saying it that way it's not actually going to sound weird. It's fine, when you say, "pracTIco," right? It's better than putting the stress in the wrong place. That sounds really weird, really strange and it's not good, right? Alright so, let's continue with this side, practiCAmos, practiáis, pracTIcan, OK? So, what we do in class is we take some time to go through the list of verbs and with a partner practice the conjugations and saying these out loud. What you want to be able to do is to take any of these verbs and be able to automatically conjugate them very fluently and fluidly without thinking about them with the pronunciation, you know, being something where you putting the stress in the right place. So, let me give you an idea, a tip, of how to practice these. And this is something that you should work on at home. To be a fluent Spanish speaker, we're going to work in lots of different tips, different things that you should do. So, we talked about the vowels, the beginning, the pronunciation of the vowels and getting that right and pronouncing things, the vowels in a short, choppier way than drawing them out, like we do in English. The next step is to be able to conjugate automatically without thinking about it. That's going to go such a long way in helping you learn how to speak Spanish fluently. Every single sentence will have a verb, and we're slowly building, right? These are the building blocks, and I'm giving you the foundation here. And as things get more complicated, we're going to keep adding to the foundation. This is the base and so, you need a strong base. Every sentence is going to have a verb and then they're going to have other things. Sometimes we'll have direct objects, indirect objects, we're going to have sometimes reflexive verbs, but this is going to be the base. And so, what you should do is really be able to very easily and fluently, without thinking about it, be able to conjugate. And this is how I suggest you do it. We have right now our "ar" verbs, and our endings, that are, "o," "as," "a," "amos" and "an," and you don't have to worry about the vosotros right now, right? So, you take any verb from your list and so, here I have my book, and I'm going to take that list, right? And I'm going to take one of these verbs, just the verb "dibujar," and I'm going to say to myself it means "to draw," and then I'm going to conjugate it. I'm going to say, dibujo, dibujas, dibuja, dibujamos, dibujan, right? And at the beginning, as we try to do this, we're going to have to probably look at this, right, and make that visual connection in our brain. We want to kind of connect all those different parts of our brains where we're seeing it and we're writing it and we're speaking it, and we're listening to how it sounds, and the more senses that we use, the more we say it, and we see it, and we write it, the more it's going to stick in our brain. What happens to a lot of Spanish speakers it's very hard for them sometimes to learn how to write because they've just done this orally their whole lives, and then when all of the sudden they're asked to write it, there's a huge disconnect. They're like, "wait, what?," and it's like there's a big block, right? So, this is where working with partners helps, because those of you who are learning Spanish, even though you look at your Spanish speaking partners and say, "wow, they're at a great advantage," which they are, they speak, right? They also need you to help them many times with the writing part because that's harder for them. And as you're learning it together, maybe sometimes many of us are visual learners and sometimes writing it and seeing it is easier than speaking and hearing it. So that's where we can help each other out. Alright. So, you're going to practice this. And as you practice, it's going to get easier and easier, right? You're going to take another verb, "conversar," and you're going to say, converso, conversas, conversa, conversamos, conversan. Oh, and you're going to say it means to converse. So, after a while, you won't need this anymore. That's the goal. The goal is to not have to look at that and be able to take any verb, I'm going to take another verb, "terminar," which means, "to finish." And you're going to be able to say, termino, terminas, termina, terminamos, terminan, right? And do it in that order. You have to do that in that order, because your verbs throughout the whole semester are going to be presented to you in that order. And then when we do pronouns, it'll be in that order. Everything will be that way. And if you mess it up, if you mess up that order, then you're going to put wrong pronouns in on the end of verbs, it just gets messy. And especially as we do other tenses, like we'll do the past tense, OK? So, that's my tip, my suggestion for you, is to practice that, know that really well, get super comfortable with it. That's going to take you so far this whole semester, it's going to really reduce your stress, and especially as verbs start getting more complicated, because there will verbs that change, the stem is going to change. They're called, "stem changing verbs." We're going to do a lot of different things with them. If you are still struggling by Chapter 4, as we do stem-changing verbs, if you're still struggling with the basic conjugations, you're going to be in big trouble. It's going to be overwhelming, and it's going to be hard to catch up. So, take the time now to learn this well, it's not that hard, right? It's just, "o," "as," "a," "amos," "an," and then we're going to do the same thing with "er" verbs and "ir" verbs, there's going to be a lot. So, if you take the time to actually study this well and learn it now, you're going to really be happy about that later, OK? Alright. So, that's enough for this video. I'm going to leave you with this for right now, and then I'm going to do a couple of other videos with some more things about these verbs that we need to know, but we'll separate that, OK? Alright. Nos vemos pronto. Chao, clase.