Overview
This lecture explains the difference between intensive and extensive properties of matter, providing definitions, examples, and a summary of how to identify each type.
Intensive Properties
- Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present.
- The boiling point of water is always 100°C, regardless of quantity.
- Freezing point, melting point, and condensation point are intensive properties.
- Density remains the same (e.g., 1 g/mL for water) regardless of sample size.
- Hardness of a material, such as diamond, does not change with the amount present.
- Color is an intensive property and does not depend on amount.
- Flammability and combustibility are intensive; amount does not affect them.
- Corrosiveness, such as with battery acid, is intensive regardless of quantity.
Extensive Properties
- Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present.
- Volume changes with the quantity of substance (more matter, greater volume).
- Mass depends on how much substance there is.
- Length varies based on the amount and size of material.
- Weight depends on the quantity of matter.
Classification Examples
- Volume: Extensive property (depends on amount).
- Mass: Extensive property (depends on amount).
- Density: Intensive property (remains constant regardless of amount).
- Flammability: Intensive property (does not depend on amount).
- Corrosiveness: Intensive property (does not depend on amount).
- Boiling point: Intensive property (does not depend on amount).
- Combustibility: Intensive property (does not depend on amount).
- Freezing and melting points: Intensive properties (do not depend on amount).
Key Terms & Definitions
- Intensive Property — a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present.
- Extensive Property — a property that depends on the amount of matter present.
- Density — mass per unit volume of a substance (e.g., g/mL).
- Boiling Point — temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review examples of intensive and extensive properties for better understanding.
- Practice classifying different properties as intensive or extensive.