HCl Gas and Acid Properties

Today we will talk about HCl gas and HCl acid First of all we will talk about HCl gas HCl gas is a colorless gas and with colorless gas there is an acidic nature but if we test the gas If you test on litmus paper then it will not show the acetic character test. Yes, if you dip it in water and test it in the aqua solution then you will test it with litmus paper. Then the acetic nature will show. So, we have an acetic gas, our HCL is colorless gas and its smell is pungent. so this is the pungent smell now let's talk about HCL lab preparation from where we fill the questions in the board so let's go to lab preparation you know that it is a revision video it will be fast so let's go to lab preparation so when we have to prepare HCL we use sodium chloride and sulfuric acid in concentrated form and we set the temperature to less than 200 degree celsius now what happens is What happens is that CL is less than H HCl is made by combining Na and HCl. And Na combines. Here, one H comes out with Cl. What is left? HSO4. Na combines with NaHSO4. This is Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate. Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate. And here we got HCl gas. Now, kids, the question that comes in the exam is the most important question from here is that the temperature is Why this temperature should be below 200 degree Celsius? If the temperature is 200 degrees, then the temperature of the what will be the problem if we increase the temperature to 200 or more than 200 it will work till 200 what will be the problem if we increase the temperature to more than 200 so let's assume if the temperature is above 200 degree celsius then the reaction will change now what will happen is we took NaCl and reacted with H2SO4 from concentrated from here H came out and here Cl and made HCl gas and made NaHSO4 if we do this then what will happen Now what will happen? Look at the reaction carefully. NaCl plus H2O. H2SO4, this reaction will happen, both H will come out from here and 2 HCl will be formed. So you will say 1 Cl, so put 2 here. What will be left? 2 Na will be left and SO4. So Na2SO4 will be formed. Now this sodium sulphate which is formed, this is the problem. Sodium sulphate is a big problem. Sodium sulphate is a hard crust substance. Hard crust substance. And this reaction, in the vessel in which it is going to happen, the glass vessel in which NaCl is kept and the salt is added and the sulfuric acid is added the vessel in which this reaction is done, as soon as sodium sulphate is formed it will stick to the walls of the vessel so it is a very hard crust substance and sticks to the surface of the glass due to which the reaction will stop by heat it will stop so it sticks to the surface of the glass the first problem was that sodium sulphate will be formed when temperature is more than 200 which it's just the dumb surface of the glass it is a very hard crust substance second problem is very simple that the glass apparatus will break glass apparatus may crack why did it crack? if you heat it up so much and increase the temperature definitely it will crack glass will break and crack reaction will end third problem is very common that fuel is getting wasted when reaction can be below 200 then why are you increasing the temperature the temperature you increase the heat will be given with enough fuel If you waste fuel, then you will also waste fuel. So, the question in the exam was that why did you keep the temperature less than 200 in the lap preparation of HCl gas? So, you will say that by keeping it more than 200, the first thing will not be NAHSO4 in the reaction, both the H will be removed. If you have applied more temperature, then both the H will be removed from here, the reaction will be more. By removing both the H, N2SO4 will be made, from here both the H will be removed and SO4 will be left. This is a very hard crust substance which sticks to the surface of the glass and prevents further reaction. 2. Glass apparatus may crack due to overheating 3. Why are you wasting fuel? So, these are the three points in notes Now, one more question is that In the same reaction, you used concentrated HCL If I use HNO3 here, which is also concentrated What will be the reaction? Blood protein ratio below 200 Keep it reaction same reaction H will come out with HCl and it will become NaNO3 H came out with HCl and it became HCl gas and what happened NaNO3 so can we use nitric acid and sulfuric acid also? No, question arises why we cannot use concentrated nitric acid in the lab preparation of HCl gas? we don't use it we use concentrated sulfuric acid. So it's 2 in the night, the atmosphere is good the question is also good so, we don't use concentrated nitric acid use it when the HCM is not available. The question is why? Nitric acid is a volatile acid. It means it will produce vapours. It produces vapours. At this temperature, if you keep 180-190 degrees, below 200 means it is not zero. Below 200 means 190, 195, 180. At this temperature, it will evaporate itself. Now what happened here? The HCL gas. Now it also evaporated. and both of them are same then what is the use of HCL? the vessel in which you are reacting HCL gas will not come out Nitric acid gas will also come out Nitric acid vapor will also come out and both of them will be same you will say that this will not happen in this vessel remember that sulfuric acid is non-volatile if you read the 4th chapter of study of compound sulfuric acid has very important property if someone asks you to tell the name of non-volatile acid in exam tell sulfuric acid with sourness this is non-volatile this will not evaporate this will not be available nitric acid is volatile it will evaporate and be available this is the problem then what happens guys this HCl It also carries some water vapour with it. so we have to dry it what we have to do? dry so how how will you dry HCL gas how will you clean it? dry means water vapour is present so how will you remove water vapour from it? question is asked so do one thing pass HCL gas through Concentrated H2SO4 Sir, that is the reaction. No, no, after HCL is formed, pass this HCL gas through a beaker and put concentrated H2SO4 in that beaker. What will happen with this, sir? What will be the benefit? Concentrated H2SO4, the D dehydrating agent you must be knowing what is dehydrating we say dehydrated after sun rise dehydrated means all the water of body is gone so sulphuric acid is something that dehydrates something if there is water in any of the things, then the sulfuric acid will pull it out completely so from this HCL, the sulfuric acid will remove all the water and our HCL will be dry so if someone asks how you dry HCL, then you will say using concentrated sulfuric acid you are using it in preparation also and like a drying agent, like a dehydrating agent, you will remove water from it now you will say sir, what is the difference between drying agent and dehydrating agent what is the difference between these two, I will explain this too, the question of acid-based salt Look, drying agent, water, vapour hata. Drying agent removes water vapour and dehydrating agent removes water molecules from the compound For example, I have alcohol C2H5OH and write concentrated H2SO4 on it and suppose this is dehydrating agent so it will remove water molecules one OH and one H what will be removed? H2O what will be left? C2H4 This is called Dehydrator. and drying means if something is coming with water vapour then remove that water vapour it does not come out chemically now you will ask what are these? these both work, dehydrating and drying here if you ask which work is done then I think drying agent because here water is not inside HCL but with HCL so he asks how to dry so who will be the drying agent? concentrated H2S or food where dehydrating agent is used? where water is removed from inside ok so this is done push and pull static. why we cant use calcium oxide we also call it quick lime this is also a very good drying agent So the question is, why don't we use calcium oxide? The answer is very clear. Calcium oxide is the base. And HCL, you all know it, I have just told you what it is. Acid. We will do the reaction with acid. HCl and HCl base will react together. What will you give? CaCl2 salt plus water. So, you cannot use quick line because quick line is basic and HCl is acidic. Both can react together. So, you should not use quick line. instead use concentrated H2SO4 this acid will not react with each other and will remove water vapour to dry HCL, what do we use? concentrated sulphuric acid what do we not use? quick lime remember, we do not use quick lime so this question can come from lab preparation of HCL laboratory preparation of HCL these are the questions, look in notes 200 SEG. If you increase the amount of sodium sulfate, then sodium sulfate will be formed, which is a hard crust and will stick. What was our second point? That glass can break. Third, fuel will be wasted. Then, how will we dry HCL? With concentrated sulfuric acid. We will not use calcium oxide because it is basic. HCL is acidic and will react in each other. So, these students will learn from lab preparation. So, the properties of HCL gas are already mentioned that HCL gas is acidic in nature whereas we have mentioned that the color of litmus will not change. The second thing we have mentioned is that it is sour in taste. the second thing is that this gas is our pungent in smelling it is very strong in smelling and what else did I tell you? it is colorless this is the property that makes it work and the next physical property is the most important that is its high solubility in water HCl is highly soluble in water It is very soluble So for this high solubility of HCl in water, an experiment has been made An experiment that gives proof of this Yes, HCL is very soluble in water. And this experiment is called Fountain Experiment. So, Fountain Experiment, Everyone has seen the experiment of the waterfall. Let's see it. So, we will do one experiment which will prove it. HCL is very soluble in water we will take a flask and hang it like this we will hang it like this Here we will put a small beaker and write blue litmus solution Now we will put a jet tube Jet tube means a thin capillary tube means a thin glass pipe we will put it here like this in the form of jet that when the water comes out of here it will look like a fountain ok don't go on the diagram, understand the feeling exam is near everyone understand each other's feeling ok and along with that we will put a dropper dropper dropper has become big and we will fill water in dropper we will fill water in this dropper and in this whole vessel we will fill HCL gas very well we will fill it with full HCL gas and this is our block from here HCL gas cannot come out from anywhere and water is filled in this dropper water is filled in dropper and this jet tube is empty now don't say what will happen to HCL I will show you now what we did is we pushed the dropper we squeezed the dropper by squeezing the dropper, the water will enter the vessel water Now, the water entered the vessel. Now, what happens is that as soon as the water enters the vessel, a bubble comes up from below. This is the experiment. As soon as you press the dropper, the fountain comes up. You pressed the dropper, the fountain came up. Why did this happen? What happened? Why did the fountain come up? As soon as you squeezed the dropper, the water entered the vessel. Now what was in the vessel? HCL gas. So what was filled in the vessel? HCL gas was filled in the vessel. And this HCL gas, this water, HCL gas dissolves. So you guys, dissolve. in this water you have squeezed it water came in it and dissolved in HCL gas what happened with this? there is there is some there is some vacuum in vessel why? why is there vacuum? because HCL gas dissolved some HCL gas got finished some place got empty gas has the property of spreading Come on, baby. Don't. What happened here? The pressure decreased. Pressure falls. The pressure here decreased. Now what happened due to pressure fall? Let's tell the story from the beginning. You pressed the dropper. Water went. HCl dissolved due to water. After dissolving HCl, a little vacuum was formed here. And due to vacuum, the pressure here decreased. Here the HCl decreased. Now look from here, atmospheric pressure is applied. What is this, sir? The pressure of atmosphere, pressure of air, pressure of air. atmospheric pressure from below and here the pressure has reduced a little how is the pressure here? because the axial gas has dissolved how much? a little? oh a little I said a little, it has dissolved a lot because the axial gas It is highly soluble. Just understand that almost all the HCL in it will be dissolved in a small amount of water. What does small amount of water mean? It means that it will dissolve 700 ml HCL in 1 ml of water. I mean, one time I was in the middle of the night. I dissolved 700 times the HCl, I pressed the dropper, 2 drops of water went inside, so almost all the HCl went inside and dissolved in it. So there is some vacuum, there is too much vacuum, you switch there. There is too much vacuum, dissolves in this water. how much will the axial dissolve? almost all axial dissolves in this water because water is highly soluble now here the vacuum is formed and atmospheric pressure is applied so atmospheric pressure will be applied and will bring this blue litmus up So atmospheric pressure forces blue litmus to rise. upwards what name did I tell you? this is necessary in every video what name did I tell you? it was called jet tube so in which it rises? it rises upward in jet tube and comes out of jet tube now here little bit of HCL is left no sir, it is almost finished little bit of HCL is left now what happened is that litmus also contains water HCL will be formed from water and become acidic and as soon as this blue litmus comes up this blue litmus will turn red in form of fountain this litmus will come up and will come out in form of fountain so what proof is experiment giving that it came up after pressing dropper what proof is it giving? two proofs The first proof is that the HCL is dissolved in it as soon as the dropper is pressed. means HCL is highly soluble in water if someone asks what is the biggest proof of fountain experiment HCL is highly soluble in water what is the first purpose of fountain experiment HCL is highly soluble in water see as soon as HCL is dissolved and becomes vacuum that's why it came up second thing it is telling is how blue lit musk came out from above what color is the fountain above red fountain above is not blue fountain, what kind of fountain is it red fountain so why red fountain was made You'll get it. HCL is acidic in nature. So, these two things are being told. But the important point is, it is highly soluble in water and secondly, HCL is acidic in nature. So, kids, we will talk about the test of HCL gas. As we had prepared HCL, how will we know that gas is HCL? So, do one thing, bring a glass rod which you can dip in ammonia solution or you bring ammonia gas from somewhere. When HCL and ammonia gas will react, kids, So NH4Cl will be formed ammonium chloride and this is solid and we can see dense white fumes so this is our test for HCl gas someone asked us how to do HCl gas test so do one thing, bring ammonia gas or bring glass rod in ammonia solution HCl reacts with ammonia and makes ammonium chloride which has dense white fumes and ammonium chloride is more important in syllabus I will come to you in syllabus. It has a lot of compounds. So, how HCL acid is made? We take HCL gas and dip it in water. Here we take water and dip it in water. Here comes HCL gas and here comes HCL gas and we dip it in water. Now when HCL will be dipped in water, then HCL will become a liquid solution. Very good. What is this? HCL has a good solution, which is HCL acid. But there is a problem in this. The problem is high solubility of HCL gas. You just did a fountain experiment. The main result of this experiment is that HCL gas is very soluble in water. So, there is a problem with high solubility of HCL gas. What is the problem? HCL you must be generating somewhere. How will you generate? and is the HCL plus concentrated H2SO4 Do you remember what we were going to make from this reaction? We were going to make HCL and NAHSO4 Remember? Temperature below 200 So, here you are making HCL and generating HCL Here it is melting So what happens is that the dissolving rate of acetyl is very high because acetyl is very highly soluble So its rate of dissolution is very high so the rate of generation increases rate of generation means the HCL is not getting more as it is getting more so in this pipe you will see in tube in tube there will be vacuum why will there be vacuum as much as HCL is getting pulled here because HCL is getting dissolved very fast now in tube and from outside the atmosphere will be different atmospheric pressure what will be applied from outside? atmospheric pressure so all the water will get inside the pipe and the water which gets inside what happens? this tube is empty like we drink cold drink we make vacuum inside the pipe and that makes the cold drink come up because atmospheric pressure is applied on cold drink so we suck it and by making vacuum here pressure is applied in atmosphere It dissolved and became a vacuum. and pressure of atmosphere increases and water goes up so this process is called as back suction if someone ask you the reason of back suction why it happens? because of high solubility of HCL gas HCL gets dissolved very fast and it forms a cube and pressure of atmosphere is applied and this water is called as back suction and this is not a good thing why you will say? because of back suction water will go up here and our reactant will get spoiled and reaction will be ruined I have ruined the whole reaction water should not go back so we have to prevent this back section we have to prevent this back section and to prevent this back section we will see the mechanism it is very famous it is very popular in the board and the name of this mechanism is inverted funnel arrangement inverted funnel arrangement What is this story? Don't push the delivery tube directly into the pipe. This is the delivery tube. This is how it is delivered. Don't push the delivery tube directly. Put this in it. To stop back suction, put an inverted funnel. What will happen if you put a funnel? What will be the benefit of putting a funnel? Come, I will explain you. What will be the benefit of putting a funnel? First of all, the surface area will be increased. Now, the HCl will be dissolved from here, from here, from here, from here, from here. It means that we will get time to dissolve HCl. First, HCl will be collected here, then it will be dissolved. First, it will be collected here, then it will be dissolved. Till the time HCl is filled here, till then HCl will be coming from here. from here HCL will be generated suppose all HCL is dissolved from here it will take time to cover HCL so the way of HCL coming from here will be bigger so it will come easily till then HCL can travel from here means this place will be bigger so it will dissolve slowly slowly slowly not like it will dissolve if there is only one small pipe so the first thing it did provides larger surface area small surface and then big surface and then it takes time to collect second important thing is suppose HCL goes down very fast Now, vacuum will be created in this tube. Atmosphere pressure will be applied from the next tube. So, what will happen is that, the next tube of the rubber tube, the water level will be lowered and the tube of the rubber tube will be raised. For some time, it will go in the air. As soon as it goes in the air, gravity will pull it back. And as soon as it comes down, the work will start again. It will keep moving like this. So, we can say that, what will it prevent? Back suction of water What happened? HCL came from here and dissolved it very fast So, here vacuum, here vacuum, here vacuum Then the pipe went up for some time Then the pipe fell down Why it fell down? Because HCL is filled in it Then it fell down and then it kept on moving So, what is the most important work of inverted furrow arrangement? What to prevent? Back suction water to be provided by providing large surface area and this way we will make HCL acid from HCL gas what we will make? HCL acid now what is the property of HCL acid? see HCL acid has acidic properties it acts on litmus HCL gas does not react on litmus HCL gas does not react on moist litmus means litmus HCL gas does not change the color of litmus, it changes the color of HCL acid. HCL gas changes the color of moist litmus. How will HCL acid change the color of litmus? We all know that it changes from blue to red. Methyl orange changes to pink. And one more thing is our phenolphthalein. How will phenolphthalein be? Colourless If phenolphthalein is colourless from the beginning then it remains colourless How does phenolphthalein stay in acid? Colourless So HCL acid shows all the properties If you go into the solution Aqua solution H plus and minus will be released. So HCL has all the properties of acid. It is a good acid. Ok. So which all properties does HCL show? You have read the chapter. From here you can see the properties of HCL. Like. Reaction with metals Remember acid basic salts If metal is above hydrogen How it will react? Like zinc reaction Zinc with HCl dilute Remember? What will happen? ZnCl2 plus Hydrogen gas is released. Is it possible to balance this? When does this happen? When the metal is placed above the Hydrogen gas. Let's say we do the reaction with Magnesium. With HCl2. Where is the Magnesium placed? What will be above HCl2? MgCl2 plus Hydrogen. In this case, Hydrogen gas will be released. Let's see the next reaction. Reaction with Base plus acid is salt plus water Take any reaction like calcium oxide, HCl, base, acid, Ca, Cl2, H2O balance it NaOH plus HCl. So, what will be our NaCl plus H2O. Important. I will take NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide plus HCl. So, what will be? NH4Cl plus H2O. and NH4Cl contains dense white fumes so if you want to test HCl acid then take ammonium hydroxide solution and dip HCl gas in it then you will get dense white fumes so reaction with base is very simple it is like acid-based salt the properties of acid are in HCl you will not get any new properties HCl is a regular acid Nitric acid is a wonderful acid Sulfuric acid is a wonderful acid but HCl is a simple acid So this property of reaction with base, acid, salt and water is the property of reaction with metal and release of hydrogen Let me show you the next property of this Reaction with metal carbonates You can't forget this Have you forgotten? Reaction with metal carbonates So, if it is metal carbonate If there is any other acid, then what is made? Salt, water, carbon dioxide. If there is any other reaction, like Na2, CO3, sodium carbonate, then take HCl. H2O plus carbon dioxide. Regular reaction acid. For example, here we have given one carbonate, another one, MgCO3 plus HCl. What will happen? MgCl2 plus H2O plus carbon dioxide. So, what acid do we give by reacting with carbonate? Salt, water, carbon dioxide. So, what will be the salt? Chloride, because it is HCl. reaction with Reaction with Sulfites What are Sulfites? SO3 2- So what is the reaction with Sulfites? Suppose I have a Sulfite and I have an Acid So what will I get? Salt, Water and Sulphur Dioxide Here I will take a Sulfite Sodium Sulfite, Na2, SO3 plus HCl So I will get Na2, SO3, HCl and I will get Salt NaCl plus H2O plus Sulphur Dioxide. Here I have Zinc Sulphide, ZnSO3 plus HCl. There is a regular reaction, nothing new. ZnCl2 plus H2O plus Sulphur Dioxide. So, the regular reaction is the same as the acid one. For example, let's assume that we have a reaction with Sulphides. Very important, here the question arises, is acid base is salt? Sulfide is our S2- So reaction is important with sulfide When you make reaction of acid with sulfide When you make reaction of acid with sulfide So our is salt and H2 is gas. Hydrogen sulfide becomes gas. For example, the reaction of zinc sulfide is very good. Zinc sulfide plus HCl. So, our Zn will be Cl2 plus H2S. Balance it. For example, lead sulfide is PBS. HCl is equal to TbCl2 plus H2S. This is the reaction with the cell. One reaction is very important. This reaction of HCl is very important. This is not found in acid-based salt. I will discuss it quickly. Reaction with metal. If you do the reaction with metal, hydrogen will be produced. Reaction with... Base Reaction is Salt or Water. Neutralization Reaction is Reaction with Carbonate is Water, Carbon Dioxide or Salt Reaction with Sulphide is Water, Salt, Sulphur Dioxide Reaction with Sulphide is Salt plus Hydrogen Sulphide So, this is the reaction with thiosulfate. Thiosulfate is S2O3 So, you have seen the reaction of sodium thiosulfate in this syllabus. 2 H2O3 2- 2- here sorry sodium thiosulfate Na2 H2O3 plus HCl what we get from this reaction? we get NACL water H2O, Sulphide dioxide gas and we get Sulphur precipitate here we get yellow Sulphur precipitate watch carefully the reaction it can come in the board very easily sodium thiosulfate Hi, hi, selfie, let's get serious. Yes, any seal? Sulphide is the regular reaction of water. It is like sulphide. Suppose, if it is thio sulphide, we get sulphur dioxide, water and salt. Suppose, you don't remember thio sulphide, you remember sulphide. So, what is the difference between sulphide and water? Water is salt and sulphur dioxide. Here also, water is salt and sulphur dioxide. You will remember till here. Now, remember this. Learn from me. along with that it has sulfur precipitate So, here also water, salt and sulfur dioxide. Here, what will be made? Sulfur's yellow precipitate. Now, children, after this, the reaction with nitrate will be a little important. Reaction with nitrates. Now kids, after this, let's see the reaction with nitrate. Reaction with nitrates. reaction with nitrates in nitrates, this lead nitrate is very important PP NO3 whole twice plus HCl so we will get PP Cl2 plus HCl3 second acid is made, lead chloride now lead chloride has wide precipitate in this reaction you will get wide precipitate of lead chloride Now as you asked us, what else can be asked in Nitrate? Silver Nitrate is very important. AgNO3 plus HCl. So it will be AgCl plus HNO3. Now AgCl is also white precipitate. Curdivite precipitate. silver nitrate and lead nitrate react with each other to form chloride and whether it is silver nitrate chloride or lead nitrate chloride In the case of Nitrate, Nitric acid is formed and there is a double displacement reaction. Lead combines with Nitric acid and nitrogen combines with Nitric acid. Remember the reaction of Thiosulfate with Sulphide, Salt, Water, Sulphur Dioxide and Sunflower Precipitate. In the case of Nitrate, Lead and Silver are formed. Both of them form White Precipitate. So, what is made of silver nitrate and lead nitrate? It is white precipitate. Lead chloride has silver chloride in it. Listen carefully about silver chloride. Silver chloride is insoluble in HNO3. Insoluble in excess of HNO3. If you add too much of nitric acid, then it is not AgCl soluble. But, Solubility excess of Ammonium Hydroxide NH4OH Silver Chloride has a very special property Like in exams, you are asked about the substance A which is 30 white precipitate You are asking about the observation So, the question is how to solve this? Just like this, he will say that here a substance A is made which is in solvents in excess of HNO3 but solvents in excess of ammonium hydroxide, name this substance and then you will know Silver chloride. You will have to remember this data for this. That silver chloride is a substance A. So, the substance is not soluble in nitric acid but in ammonium hydroxide. So, I have given practical chemistry chapter notes in the last part. There is nothing to understand or to study in it. Just tear the practical chemistry chapter and keep watching it for 2 days. From that, you can learn about NOG, gases, salts and other things. It is very important. From there, you can ask questions. You are asking where are the questions coming from. They are coming from here. You have to remember them. name this salt x which is 30 white here x will be written which is soluble in excess of HNO3 but soluble in excess of HNO4 then take this x and this y and say y is silver nitrified if reaction of y is HCL then for such reaction portion you have to be ready very very important this thing silver chloride and this is what lead chloride if we talk about lead chloride then it is soluble in hot water soluble in hot water there is one and this is a special one, soybean in hot water so these were the reactions of HCL from different places Remember the reaction of Ammonium Hydroxide? Because it contains Dense White Fuse. If you ask about HCL test, glass rod dipped in Ammonia got near HCL will give Dense White Fuse. These reactions are more important. Many people ask about it in the board. The amount of gold written in the previous picture, will be taken from this. Nothing else to be taken. NH3 plus HCl will give what? NH4Cl. Now see what is this? Gas. And what is this? Solid. Tell me a reaction in which two gases react and make a solid. This is the reaction you will get for ammonia test What is ammonia test? Glass rod dipped in HCL, Botanyl, Ammonia will give dense white fumes of NH4 silver Ok After this one question which is very common in the board It is Aquariagia So, watch the chapter on Aquariagia and Nitric Acid I have not studied it If you will watch the chapter on Nitric Acid So, we will manage Aquariagia completely

So, we have an acetic gas, our HCL is colorless gas and its smell is pungent. so this is the pungent smell now let's talk about HCL lab preparation from where we fill the questions in the board so let's go to lab preparation you know that it is a revision video it will be fast so let's go to lab preparation so when we have to prepare HCL we use sodium chloride and sulfuric acid in concentrated form and we set the temperature to less than 200 degree celsius now what happens is What happens is that CL is less than H HCl is made by combining Na and HCl. And Na combines. Here, one H comes out with Cl.

What is left? HSO4. Na combines with NaHSO4. This is Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate.

Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate. And here we got HCl gas. Now, kids, the question that comes in the exam is the most important question from here is that the temperature is Why this temperature should be below 200 degree Celsius? If the temperature is 200 degrees, then the temperature of the what will be the problem if we increase the temperature to 200 or more than 200 it will work till 200 what will be the problem if we increase the temperature to more than 200 so let's assume if the temperature is above 200 degree celsius then the reaction will change now what will happen is we took NaCl and reacted with H2SO4 from concentrated from here H came out and here Cl and made HCl gas and made NaHSO4 if we do this then what will happen Now what will happen?

Look at the reaction carefully. NaCl plus H2O. H2SO4, this reaction will happen, both H will come out from here and 2 HCl will be formed. So you will say 1 Cl, so put 2 here. What will be left?

2 Na will be left and SO4. So Na2SO4 will be formed. Now this sodium sulphate which is formed, this is the problem.

Sodium sulphate is a big problem. Sodium sulphate is a hard crust substance. Hard crust substance.

And this reaction, in the vessel in which it is going to happen, the glass vessel in which NaCl is kept and the salt is added and the sulfuric acid is added the vessel in which this reaction is done, as soon as sodium sulphate is formed it will stick to the walls of the vessel so it is a very hard crust substance and sticks to the surface of the glass due to which the reaction will stop by heat it will stop so it sticks to the surface of the glass the first problem was that sodium sulphate will be formed when temperature is more than 200 which it's just the dumb surface of the glass it is a very hard crust substance second problem is very simple that the glass apparatus will break glass apparatus may crack why did it crack? if you heat it up so much and increase the temperature definitely it will crack glass will break and crack reaction will end third problem is very common that fuel is getting wasted when reaction can be below 200 then why are you increasing the temperature the temperature you increase the heat will be given with enough fuel If you waste fuel, then you will also waste fuel. So, the question in the exam was that why did you keep the temperature less than 200 in the lap preparation of HCl gas? So, you will say that by keeping it more than 200, the first thing will not be NAHSO4 in the reaction, both the H will be removed. If you have applied more temperature, then both the H will be removed from here, the reaction will be more.

By removing both the H, N2SO4 will be made, from here both the H will be removed and SO4 will be left. This is a very hard crust substance which sticks to the surface of the glass and prevents further reaction. 2. Glass apparatus may crack due to overheating 3. Why are you wasting fuel?

So, these are the three points in notes Now, one more question is that In the same reaction, you used concentrated HCL If I use HNO3 here, which is also concentrated What will be the reaction? Blood protein ratio below 200 Keep it reaction same reaction H will come out with HCl and it will become NaNO3 H came out with HCl and it became HCl gas and what happened NaNO3 so can we use nitric acid and sulfuric acid also? No, question arises why we cannot use concentrated nitric acid in the lab preparation of HCl gas? we don't use it we use concentrated sulfuric acid.

So it's 2 in the night, the atmosphere is good the question is also good so, we don't use concentrated nitric acid use it when the HCM is not available. The question is why? Nitric acid is a volatile acid. It means it will produce vapours. It produces vapours.

At this temperature, if you keep 180-190 degrees, below 200 means it is not zero. Below 200 means 190, 195, 180. At this temperature, it will evaporate itself. Now what happened here?

The HCL gas. Now it also evaporated. and both of them are same then what is the use of HCL? the vessel in which you are reacting HCL gas will not come out Nitric acid gas will also come out Nitric acid vapor will also come out and both of them will be same you will say that this will not happen in this vessel remember that sulfuric acid is non-volatile if you read the 4th chapter of study of compound sulfuric acid has very important property if someone asks you to tell the name of non-volatile acid in exam tell sulfuric acid with sourness this is non-volatile this will not evaporate this will not be available nitric acid is volatile it will evaporate and be available this is the problem then what happens guys this HCl It also carries some water vapour with it. so we have to dry it what we have to do?

dry so how how will you dry HCL gas how will you clean it? dry means water vapour is present so how will you remove water vapour from it? question is asked so do one thing pass HCL gas through Concentrated H2SO4 Sir, that is the reaction.

No, no, after HCL is formed, pass this HCL gas through a beaker and put concentrated H2SO4 in that beaker. What will happen with this, sir? What will be the benefit?

Concentrated H2SO4, the D dehydrating agent you must be knowing what is dehydrating we say dehydrated after sun rise dehydrated means all the water of body is gone so sulphuric acid is something that dehydrates something if there is water in any of the things, then the sulfuric acid will pull it out completely so from this HCL, the sulfuric acid will remove all the water and our HCL will be dry so if someone asks how you dry HCL, then you will say using concentrated sulfuric acid you are using it in preparation also and like a drying agent, like a dehydrating agent, you will remove water from it now you will say sir, what is the difference between drying agent and dehydrating agent what is the difference between these two, I will explain this too, the question of acid-based salt Look, drying agent, water, vapour hata. Drying agent removes water vapour and dehydrating agent removes water molecules from the compound For example, I have alcohol C2H5OH and write concentrated H2SO4 on it and suppose this is dehydrating agent so it will remove water molecules one OH and one H what will be removed? H2O what will be left? C2H4 This is called Dehydrator.

and drying means if something is coming with water vapour then remove that water vapour it does not come out chemically now you will ask what are these? these both work, dehydrating and drying here if you ask which work is done then I think drying agent because here water is not inside HCL but with HCL so he asks how to dry so who will be the drying agent? concentrated H2S or food where dehydrating agent is used? where water is removed from inside ok so this is done push and pull static.

why we cant use calcium oxide we also call it quick lime this is also a very good drying agent So the question is, why don't we use calcium oxide? The answer is very clear. Calcium oxide is the base.

And HCL, you all know it, I have just told you what it is. Acid. We will do the reaction with acid.

HCl and HCl base will react together. What will you give? CaCl2 salt plus water.

So, you cannot use quick line because quick line is basic and HCl is acidic. Both can react together. So, you should not use quick line.

instead use concentrated H2SO4 this acid will not react with each other and will remove water vapour to dry HCL, what do we use? concentrated sulphuric acid what do we not use? quick lime remember, we do not use quick lime so this question can come from lab preparation of HCL laboratory preparation of HCL these are the questions, look in notes 200 SEG.

If you increase the amount of sodium sulfate, then sodium sulfate will be formed, which is a hard crust and will stick. What was our second point? That glass can break.

Third, fuel will be wasted. Then, how will we dry HCL? With concentrated sulfuric acid. We will not use calcium oxide because it is basic. HCL is acidic and will react in each other.

So, these students will learn from lab preparation. So, the properties of HCL gas are already mentioned that HCL gas is acidic in nature whereas we have mentioned that the color of litmus will not change. The second thing we have mentioned is that it is sour in taste. the second thing is that this gas is our pungent in smelling it is very strong in smelling and what else did I tell you? it is colorless this is the property that makes it work and the next physical property is the most important that is its high solubility in water HCl is highly soluble in water It is very soluble So for this high solubility of HCl in water, an experiment has been made An experiment that gives proof of this Yes, HCL is very soluble in water.

And this experiment is called Fountain Experiment. So, Fountain Experiment, Everyone has seen the experiment of the waterfall. Let's see it.

So, we will do one experiment which will prove it. HCL is very soluble in water we will take a flask and hang it like this we will hang it like this Here we will put a small beaker and write blue litmus solution Now we will put a jet tube Jet tube means a thin capillary tube means a thin glass pipe we will put it here like this in the form of jet that when the water comes out of here it will look like a fountain ok don't go on the diagram, understand the feeling exam is near everyone understand each other's feeling ok and along with that we will put a dropper dropper dropper has become big and we will fill water in dropper we will fill water in this dropper and in this whole vessel we will fill HCL gas very well we will fill it with full HCL gas and this is our block from here HCL gas cannot come out from anywhere and water is filled in this dropper water is filled in dropper and this jet tube is empty now don't say what will happen to HCL I will show you now what we did is we pushed the dropper we squeezed the dropper by squeezing the dropper, the water will enter the vessel water Now, the water entered the vessel. Now, what happens is that as soon as the water enters the vessel, a bubble comes up from below. This is the experiment.

As soon as you press the dropper, the fountain comes up. You pressed the dropper, the fountain came up. Why did this happen? What happened?

Why did the fountain come up? As soon as you squeezed the dropper, the water entered the vessel. Now what was in the vessel?

HCL gas. So what was filled in the vessel? HCL gas was filled in the vessel. And this HCL gas, this water, HCL gas dissolves.

So you guys, dissolve. in this water you have squeezed it water came in it and dissolved in HCL gas what happened with this? there is there is some there is some vacuum in vessel why?

why is there vacuum? because HCL gas dissolved some HCL gas got finished some place got empty gas has the property of spreading Come on, baby. Don't. What happened here?

The pressure decreased. Pressure falls. The pressure here decreased. Now what happened due to pressure fall? Let's tell the story from the beginning.

You pressed the dropper. Water went. HCl dissolved due to water. After dissolving HCl, a little vacuum was formed here.

And due to vacuum, the pressure here decreased. Here the HCl decreased. Now look from here, atmospheric pressure is applied. What is this, sir?

The pressure of atmosphere, pressure of air, pressure of air. atmospheric pressure from below and here the pressure has reduced a little how is the pressure here? because the axial gas has dissolved how much? a little? oh a little I said a little, it has dissolved a lot because the axial gas It is highly soluble.

Just understand that almost all the HCL in it will be dissolved in a small amount of water. What does small amount of water mean? It means that it will dissolve 700 ml HCL in 1 ml of water.

I mean, one time I was in the middle of the night. I dissolved 700 times the HCl, I pressed the dropper, 2 drops of water went inside, so almost all the HCl went inside and dissolved in it. So there is some vacuum, there is too much vacuum, you switch there.

There is too much vacuum, dissolves in this water. how much will the axial dissolve? almost all axial dissolves in this water because water is highly soluble now here the vacuum is formed and atmospheric pressure is applied so atmospheric pressure will be applied and will bring this blue litmus up So atmospheric pressure forces blue litmus to rise.

upwards what name did I tell you? this is necessary in every video what name did I tell you? it was called jet tube so in which it rises?

it rises upward in jet tube and comes out of jet tube now here little bit of HCL is left no sir, it is almost finished little bit of HCL is left now what happened is that litmus also contains water HCL will be formed from water and become acidic and as soon as this blue litmus comes up this blue litmus will turn red in form of fountain this litmus will come up and will come out in form of fountain so what proof is experiment giving that it came up after pressing dropper what proof is it giving? two proofs The first proof is that the HCL is dissolved in it as soon as the dropper is pressed. means HCL is highly soluble in water if someone asks what is the biggest proof of fountain experiment HCL is highly soluble in water what is the first purpose of fountain experiment HCL is highly soluble in water see as soon as HCL is dissolved and becomes vacuum that's why it came up second thing it is telling is how blue lit musk came out from above what color is the fountain above red fountain above is not blue fountain, what kind of fountain is it red fountain so why red fountain was made You'll get it. HCL is acidic in nature. So, these two things are being told.

But the important point is, it is highly soluble in water and secondly, HCL is acidic in nature. So, kids, we will talk about the test of HCL gas. As we had prepared HCL, how will we know that gas is HCL? So, do one thing, bring a glass rod which you can dip in ammonia solution or you bring ammonia gas from somewhere. When HCL and ammonia gas will react, kids, So NH4Cl will be formed ammonium chloride and this is solid and we can see dense white fumes so this is our test for HCl gas someone asked us how to do HCl gas test so do one thing, bring ammonia gas or bring glass rod in ammonia solution HCl reacts with ammonia and makes ammonium chloride which has dense white fumes and ammonium chloride is more important in syllabus I will come to you in syllabus.

It has a lot of compounds. So, how HCL acid is made? We take HCL gas and dip it in water.

Here we take water and dip it in water. Here comes HCL gas and here comes HCL gas and we dip it in water. Now when HCL will be dipped in water, then HCL will become a liquid solution. Very good.

What is this? HCL has a good solution, which is HCL acid. But there is a problem in this. The problem is high solubility of HCL gas.

You just did a fountain experiment. The main result of this experiment is that HCL gas is very soluble in water. So, there is a problem with high solubility of HCL gas. What is the problem? HCL you must be generating somewhere.

How will you generate? and is the HCL plus concentrated H2SO4 Do you remember what we were going to make from this reaction? We were going to make HCL and NAHSO4 Remember?

Temperature below 200 So, here you are making HCL and generating HCL Here it is melting So what happens is that the dissolving rate of acetyl is very high because acetyl is very highly soluble So its rate of dissolution is very high so the rate of generation increases rate of generation means the HCL is not getting more as it is getting more so in this pipe you will see in tube in tube there will be vacuum why will there be vacuum as much as HCL is getting pulled here because HCL is getting dissolved very fast now in tube and from outside the atmosphere will be different atmospheric pressure what will be applied from outside? atmospheric pressure so all the water will get inside the pipe and the water which gets inside what happens? this tube is empty like we drink cold drink we make vacuum inside the pipe and that makes the cold drink come up because atmospheric pressure is applied on cold drink so we suck it and by making vacuum here pressure is applied in atmosphere It dissolved and became a vacuum. and pressure of atmosphere increases and water goes up so this process is called as back suction if someone ask you the reason of back suction why it happens?

because of high solubility of HCL gas HCL gets dissolved very fast and it forms a cube and pressure of atmosphere is applied and this water is called as back suction and this is not a good thing why you will say? because of back suction water will go up here and our reactant will get spoiled and reaction will be ruined I have ruined the whole reaction water should not go back so we have to prevent this back section we have to prevent this back section and to prevent this back section we will see the mechanism it is very famous it is very popular in the board and the name of this mechanism is inverted funnel arrangement inverted funnel arrangement What is this story? Don't push the delivery tube directly into the pipe.

This is the delivery tube. This is how it is delivered. Don't push the delivery tube directly.

Put this in it. To stop back suction, put an inverted funnel. What will happen if you put a funnel? What will be the benefit of putting a funnel?

Come, I will explain you. What will be the benefit of putting a funnel? First of all, the surface area will be increased. Now, the HCl will be dissolved from here, from here, from here, from here, from here. It means that we will get time to dissolve HCl.

First, HCl will be collected here, then it will be dissolved. First, it will be collected here, then it will be dissolved. Till the time HCl is filled here, till then HCl will be coming from here. from here HCL will be generated suppose all HCL is dissolved from here it will take time to cover HCL so the way of HCL coming from here will be bigger so it will come easily till then HCL can travel from here means this place will be bigger so it will dissolve slowly slowly slowly not like it will dissolve if there is only one small pipe so the first thing it did provides larger surface area small surface and then big surface and then it takes time to collect second important thing is suppose HCL goes down very fast Now, vacuum will be created in this tube.

Atmosphere pressure will be applied from the next tube. So, what will happen is that, the next tube of the rubber tube, the water level will be lowered and the tube of the rubber tube will be raised. For some time, it will go in the air.

As soon as it goes in the air, gravity will pull it back. And as soon as it comes down, the work will start again. It will keep moving like this. So, we can say that, what will it prevent?

Back suction of water What happened? HCL came from here and dissolved it very fast So, here vacuum, here vacuum, here vacuum Then the pipe went up for some time Then the pipe fell down Why it fell down? Because HCL is filled in it Then it fell down and then it kept on moving So, what is the most important work of inverted furrow arrangement?

What to prevent? Back suction water to be provided by providing large surface area and this way we will make HCL acid from HCL gas what we will make? HCL acid now what is the property of HCL acid?

see HCL acid has acidic properties it acts on litmus HCL gas does not react on litmus HCL gas does not react on moist litmus means litmus HCL gas does not change the color of litmus, it changes the color of HCL acid. HCL gas changes the color of moist litmus. How will HCL acid change the color of litmus? We all know that it changes from blue to red.

Methyl orange changes to pink. And one more thing is our phenolphthalein. How will phenolphthalein be?

Colourless If phenolphthalein is colourless from the beginning then it remains colourless How does phenolphthalein stay in acid? Colourless So HCL acid shows all the properties If you go into the solution Aqua solution H plus and minus will be released. So HCL has all the properties of acid.

It is a good acid. Ok. So which all properties does HCL show?

You have read the chapter. From here you can see the properties of HCL. Like. Reaction with metals Remember acid basic salts If metal is above hydrogen How it will react?

Like zinc reaction Zinc with HCl dilute Remember? What will happen? ZnCl2 plus Hydrogen gas is released. Is it possible to balance this?

When does this happen? When the metal is placed above the Hydrogen gas. Let's say we do the reaction with Magnesium. With HCl2. Where is the Magnesium placed?

What will be above HCl2? MgCl2 plus Hydrogen. In this case, Hydrogen gas will be released.

Let's see the next reaction. Reaction with Base plus acid is salt plus water Take any reaction like calcium oxide, HCl, base, acid, Ca, Cl2, H2O balance it NaOH plus HCl. So, what will be our NaCl plus H2O.

Important. I will take NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide plus HCl. So, what will be? NH4Cl plus H2O. and NH4Cl contains dense white fumes so if you want to test HCl acid then take ammonium hydroxide solution and dip HCl gas in it then you will get dense white fumes so reaction with base is very simple it is like acid-based salt the properties of acid are in HCl you will not get any new properties HCl is a regular acid Nitric acid is a wonderful acid Sulfuric acid is a wonderful acid but HCl is a simple acid So this property of reaction with base, acid, salt and water is the property of reaction with metal and release of hydrogen Let me show you the next property of this Reaction with metal carbonates You can't forget this Have you forgotten?

Reaction with metal carbonates So, if it is metal carbonate If there is any other acid, then what is made? Salt, water, carbon dioxide. If there is any other reaction, like Na2, CO3, sodium carbonate, then take HCl.

H2O plus carbon dioxide. Regular reaction acid. For example, here we have given one carbonate, another one, MgCO3 plus HCl. What will happen? MgCl2 plus H2O plus carbon dioxide.

So, what acid do we give by reacting with carbonate? Salt, water, carbon dioxide. So, what will be the salt?

Chloride, because it is HCl. reaction with Reaction with Sulfites What are Sulfites? SO3 2- So what is the reaction with Sulfites?

Suppose I have a Sulfite and I have an Acid So what will I get? Salt, Water and Sulphur Dioxide Here I will take a Sulfite Sodium Sulfite, Na2, SO3 plus HCl So I will get Na2, SO3, HCl and I will get Salt NaCl plus H2O plus Sulphur Dioxide. Here I have Zinc Sulphide, ZnSO3 plus HCl.

There is a regular reaction, nothing new. ZnCl2 plus H2O plus Sulphur Dioxide. So, the regular reaction is the same as the acid one.

For example, let's assume that we have a reaction with Sulphides. Very important, here the question arises, is acid base is salt? Sulfide is our S2- So reaction is important with sulfide When you make reaction of acid with sulfide When you make reaction of acid with sulfide So our is salt and H2 is gas. Hydrogen sulfide becomes gas.

For example, the reaction of zinc sulfide is very good. Zinc sulfide plus HCl. So, our Zn will be Cl2 plus H2S.

Balance it. For example, lead sulfide is PBS. HCl is equal to TbCl2 plus H2S.

This is the reaction with the cell. One reaction is very important. This reaction of HCl is very important. This is not found in acid-based salt. I will discuss it quickly.

Reaction with metal. If you do the reaction with metal, hydrogen will be produced. Reaction with... Base Reaction is Salt or Water.

Neutralization Reaction is Reaction with Carbonate is Water, Carbon Dioxide or Salt Reaction with Sulphide is Water, Salt, Sulphur Dioxide Reaction with Sulphide is Salt plus Hydrogen Sulphide So, this is the reaction with thiosulfate. Thiosulfate is S2O3 So, you have seen the reaction of sodium thiosulfate in this syllabus. 2 H2O3 2- 2- here sorry sodium thiosulfate Na2 H2O3 plus HCl what we get from this reaction? we get NACL water H2O, Sulphide dioxide gas and we get Sulphur precipitate here we get yellow Sulphur precipitate watch carefully the reaction it can come in the board very easily sodium thiosulfate Hi, hi, selfie, let's get serious.

Yes, any seal? Sulphide is the regular reaction of water. It is like sulphide. Suppose, if it is thio sulphide, we get sulphur dioxide, water and salt. Suppose, you don't remember thio sulphide, you remember sulphide.

So, what is the difference between sulphide and water? Water is salt and sulphur dioxide. Here also, water is salt and sulphur dioxide. You will remember till here.

Now, remember this. Learn from me. along with that it has sulfur precipitate So, here also water, salt and sulfur dioxide. Here, what will be made? Sulfur's yellow precipitate. Now, children, after this, the reaction with nitrate will be a little important.

Reaction with nitrates. Now kids, after this, let's see the reaction with nitrate. Reaction with nitrates.

reaction with nitrates in nitrates, this lead nitrate is very important PP NO3 whole twice plus HCl so we will get PP Cl2 plus HCl3 second acid is made, lead chloride now lead chloride has wide precipitate in this reaction you will get wide precipitate of lead chloride Now as you asked us, what else can be asked in Nitrate? Silver Nitrate is very important. AgNO3 plus HCl.

So it will be AgCl plus HNO3. Now AgCl is also white precipitate. Curdivite precipitate. silver nitrate and lead nitrate react with each other to form chloride and whether it is silver nitrate chloride or lead nitrate chloride In the case of Nitrate, Nitric acid is formed and there is a double displacement reaction. Lead combines with Nitric acid and nitrogen combines with Nitric acid.

Remember the reaction of Thiosulfate with Sulphide, Salt, Water, Sulphur Dioxide and Sunflower Precipitate. In the case of Nitrate, Lead and Silver are formed. Both of them form White Precipitate.

So, what is made of silver nitrate and lead nitrate? It is white precipitate. Lead chloride has silver chloride in it. Listen carefully about silver chloride. Silver chloride is insoluble in HNO3.

Insoluble in excess of HNO3. If you add too much of nitric acid, then it is not AgCl soluble. But, Solubility excess of Ammonium Hydroxide NH4OH Silver Chloride has a very special property Like in exams, you are asked about the substance A which is 30 white precipitate You are asking about the observation So, the question is how to solve this? Just like this, he will say that here a substance A is made which is in solvents in excess of HNO3 but solvents in excess of ammonium hydroxide, name this substance and then you will know Silver chloride.

You will have to remember this data for this. That silver chloride is a substance A. So, the substance is not soluble in nitric acid but in ammonium hydroxide. So, I have given practical chemistry chapter notes in the last part. There is nothing to understand or to study in it.

Just tear the practical chemistry chapter and keep watching it for 2 days. From that, you can learn about NOG, gases, salts and other things. It is very important.

From there, you can ask questions. You are asking where are the questions coming from. They are coming from here. You have to remember them.

name this salt x which is 30 white here x will be written which is soluble in excess of HNO3 but soluble in excess of HNO4 then take this x and this y and say y is silver nitrified if reaction of y is HCL then for such reaction portion you have to be ready very very important this thing silver chloride and this is what lead chloride if we talk about lead chloride then it is soluble in hot water soluble in hot water there is one and this is a special one, soybean in hot water so these were the reactions of HCL from different places Remember the reaction of Ammonium Hydroxide? Because it contains Dense White Fuse. If you ask about HCL test, glass rod dipped in Ammonia got near HCL will give Dense White Fuse. These reactions are more important.

Many people ask about it in the board. The amount of gold written in the previous picture, will be taken from this. Nothing else to be taken. NH3 plus HCl will give what?

NH4Cl. Now see what is this? Gas. And what is this? Solid.

Tell me a reaction in which two gases react and make a solid. This is the reaction you will get for ammonia test What is ammonia test? Glass rod dipped in HCL, Botanyl, Ammonia will give dense white fumes of NH4 silver Ok After this one question which is very common in the board It is Aquariagia So, watch the chapter on Aquariagia and Nitric Acid I have not studied it If you will watch the chapter on Nitric Acid So, we will manage Aquariagia completely

Transcript for:HCl Gas and Acid Properties

Transcript for:
HCl Gas and Acid Properties