Overview
This lecture explains why ending sentences with prepositions is grammatically correct in English and explores the historical reasons behind the misconception that it is wrong.
Ending Sentences with Prepositions
- It is grammatically correct and natural in English to end sentences with prepositions.
- Examples: "It's a crazy world we live in"; "That's not behavior I'll put up with."
- Avoiding end-of-sentence prepositions often makes sentences awkward and verbose.
- The belief that prepositions cannot end a sentence is a language superstition, not a grammatical rule.
Historical Background
- Robert Lowth, an 18th-century bishop, argued that avoiding terminal prepositions suited "solemn and elevated style."
- Even Lowth admitted English naturally inclines to end clauses with prepositions.
- The rule against terminal prepositions originated from attempts to make English follow Latin grammar.
Latin vs. English Structure
- In Latin, prepositions must always come before the word they relate to because of strict word order rules.
- Latin's case endings help clarify relationships regardless of word order, unlike English.
- English, a Germanic language, has different sentence structure and is not bound by Latin rules.
English Language Identity
- English was influenced by Latin due to its prestige in scholarship and religion.
- Scholars imposed Latin rules on English to elevate its status, causing unnecessary grammar rules.
- English grammar should be based on its own structure, not forced to mimic Latin.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Preposition — A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence.
- Terminal Preposition — A preposition that appears at the end of a sentence or clause.
- Latinization — The process of making a language follow the rules or patterns of Latin grammar.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Ignore advice claiming English sentences cannot end with prepositions.
- Practice writing natural English sentences, using prepositions at the end when appropriate.