Overview
This lecture discusses the relationship between self, society, and culture, focusing on how various influences shape an individual's self-concept and identity.
Characteristics of the Self
- The self is separate, meaning it is distinct and unique from other selves.
- Self-contained and independent, the self has its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition.
- Consistent, with characteristics and tendencies that generally remain stable over time.
- Unitary, acting as the center of all experiences and thoughts.
- Private, with thoughts and emotions accessible only to oneself.
Society and Culture's Influence on the Self
- Culture shapes the self through shared values, beliefs, customs, and language.
- Marcel Mauss describes the self as having two aspects: "moi" (biological identity) and "personne" (social identity).
- Language is a major factor in shaping the self and is closely linked with cultural identity.
The Role of Language and Social Environment
- Language variety in different regions influences cultural identity and self-concept.
- Adjusting to new cultures and languages affects one's self through exposure.
- Digital languages and online communication also impact self-identity.
- According to Mead and Vygotsky, language acquisition and social interaction are crucial to self-development.
Family, Institutions, and Self-Development
- The family environment influences the self through resources, values, and types of relationships experienced.
- A child's dependency and family interactions shape their selfhood and initial understanding of social norms.
- Different institutions, such as schools and religious groups, also contribute to self-concept through norms and expectations.
Gender and the Self
- Gender is a changeable aspect of self, unlike sex, which is assigned at birth and generally unalterable.
- Gender should be personally discovered and asserted, not dictated by society or culture.
- Forcing an individual to conform to prescribed gender roles can be harmful to mental health and self-determination.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Self — an individual's unique, consistent, unitary, private, and independent identity.
- Moi — biological aspect of the self (body and basic identity).
- Personne — social aspect of the self (roles and expectations shaped by society).
- Culture — shared beliefs, customs, values, and language that influence identity.
- Language — tool of communication and identity formation.
- Sex — biological assignment at birth (male/female).
- Gender — personally identified role, which may differ from sex and is subject to change.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Reflect on how your own self-concept is influenced by family, culture, language, and gender.
- Review views of self discussed in class and examine how they align with your own experiences.