foreign you will be in school you'll be writing your exam that is nationalism in India is number is okay I will try my level best but I'll cover everything so important dates so important dates okay non-cooperation movement severely Disobedience movements civil disobedience are you all ready shall we all get started yes very good let's get started to master in the channel the show is not over you know the main subject maths so basically I teach math I'm a math teacher March 21st maths exam evening videos you should support us and spread the word to all your friends relatives cousins flatmates and so on okay so let's get started without any delay intimate 6 30 will finish we'll try to finish okay see first World War they spent several billion dollars on defense defense now army weapons flight Navy so I will allow every government spends maximum money for India or a budget is South Africa India in my colonization countries started to struggle okay so first of all the Britain parties Britain colonization foreign okay 1915 on the time period defense expenditure increase defense now British Order army weapons they will ask them to come join the Army okay and then prices of food grains doubled 1913 11 1918. grains or a price acute shortage of food major problem of food famine and epidemic almost 1.2 crore people have died 1.2 crore people when they were dead it became a such a big issue 1.2 crore people have died okay in such a critical situation new leader has to appear and suggested a new mode of struggle in the new leader Mahatma Gandhi so he is the hero of this chapter South Africa he fought against the British and he tried to he tried to get equal rights for non-white people also okay he advocated Noble method of mass agitation called satiraha okay so gandhiji or the method it was non-violence Mass agitation that is called okay we stick on to the truth is you reward again something you rebel against something but he did it in a non-violent way so you you try to invoke the consciousness of the oppressor other British he tried to do something good for the country he tried to be non-violent Consciousness Consciousness got it so he suggested that physical force was not necessary workers so he helped the Indigo Plantation Farmers to struggle against the oppressive plantation system large number of peasants were affected by crop failure and plagued due to this they were unable to pay revenue and were demanding relaxation so K dollar peasants were demanding relaxation in Revenue collection English crops crop failure plague epidemic in the large negative Revenue non-violent so fast and third was Ahmedabad Gujarat Ahmedabad is against what against the oppressors for the cotton mill workers so launched for the workers wanted raise and wages to meet the expenses after price of essential Commodities rules foreign ERS without trials okay okay he wanted to he wanted to oppose this act with so champaran in the textbook it is given as 1917 it seems okay okay you can check and verify it so this act gave the government enormous power so either so what did they do in in response of britishers to this what happened they try to show their Revolution or revolt against this by shutting down shops okay so British the British people clamp down on nationalist local leaders were picked up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi Indians they were against it was very bad on 10th April the pole is in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession provoking widespread attacks on banks post office and Railway stations martial law was imposed and general dire to command so energy on 10th April attack Protestants what happened the poll is in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful positions because of that only non-cooperation movement came to an endi called it off a poll is shot at a peaceful procession because of which foreign Army will come and take over okay War my Army will come and take over your entire top command top command was General diet okay I really don't like this person because what he did was very cruel you know April 13th people gathered okay so people gathered for many reasons shall appear on there in the peaceful procession in the peaceful protest they came to attend the baishaki fair by shakifer harvest my even okay women children men protest so a large Scout gathered in the enclosed ground of jallianwala bagh in Amritsar many of them were unaware of the martial law that was imposed military rule and the military hit the uh everybody it is more than 400 500 people died okay you can go to that place and you can see it was very very depressing okay you can still see the bullet marks on the walls it's very very sad okay even now it's there said his objective was produce a moral effects made his statement on the um okay I told you as a new spread crowds came to the street in many North Indian towns there were strikes clashes with police and attacks on government buildings the government responded with brutal repression seeking to humiliate and terrorize people is very bad you wanted to teach British people a lesson they went and came to the street they protested they damaged property British people they tried to attack but now British under they were powerful so they came back even stronger they wanted to humiliate and terrorize the people so much okay so this is what they did satires were forced to rub their noses on the ground crawl on the streets and do Salam salute to all the sahibs people are flogged and Villages were bombed seeing the violence spread gandhiji called off the movement in a moment you know treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman Empire of turkey to defend the Khalifa khilafat committee Was Made in India so India gandhijana okay gandhijana he felt that Indian Indian Muslims Hindus so in India Muslims and Hindus were divided okay it it it's tried them that the Ottoman Empire was in a downfall okay and the kilaphat committee was formed in India so it was formed in Bombay in March 1919 to defend the Khalifa's temporal power so they are brothers committee ok so on the September 1920 Calcutta session so September 19 2018 they are they are meeting in Kolkata so Kolkata is let's let's fight for Muslims also alone Congress resolution passed to start NCM non-cooperation movement in support of kilafat as well as for swaraj so Independence Independence so number numbers we will oppose the British we will support the Muslims and in turn we are also fighting for our own independence so I hope all of you are clear I hope all of you are clear okay I hope all of you are clear with that so he stated it was cooperation of the Indians that provided the base for British rule British is let's refuse to listen to them okay so if Indians refuse to cooperate British rule in India would collapse within a year and swaraj would be attained Hindi gandhiji the Indians proposed that it should begin with foreign so the government use repression if the government use repression a full Civil Disobedience campaign would be launched foreign foreign foreign foreign it feared movement might lead to popular violence of dinner they were getting scared finally nagpur session in the year 1920 December a compromise was made non-cooperation committee foreign various social groups participate in this moment all of them responded to the call of Suraj YouTube foreign people responded but this swaraj meant different things for different people okay this swaraj meant different things for different people okay so the movement in towns towns left the movement started with middle class participation students and teachers left their job students government control school and lawyers left the court foreign I should not say that but yeah Madras Justice party so Justice party on there it consists of non-brahamas okay so you should upon the brahmins so in the Justice party has the non-employments on their days so they felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power yeah so only Madras the Justice party they did this okay so effect of non-cooperation movement foreign goods were boycotted foreign the import of foreign cloth halved import of foreign s increase so production of this increase merchants and Traders refused to trade in foreign Goods or Finance foreign trade they were trying to fight okay foreign foreign inlay foreign they again went back to school lawyers also they went back to court because there's no alternative there is no alternative so that is the downfall of non-cooperation movement so rebellion in the countryside Countryside peasants who are led by Baba ramachandra sannyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured labor indentured British people on the India he is leading the peasants the movement here was against oppressive talukdas and landlords so landlords he let the peasants The Peasant movement demanded reduction of Revenue um and a few others and within a month 300 branches had been set up branches had been set up around the Villages around the region got it however the peasant movement developed in forms that the Congress leadership was unhappy with in the present moments what did they do that Congress did not like Congress did not like because houses of talukdas and Merchants were attacked peasants they turned to violence gandhiji wanted Congress wanted non-violence we are going to use our brain we will not cooperate non-violence presence go and attack houses and bazaars were looted and grain hordes were taken over local leaders they were trying to sanction and get things done I hope all of you are clear rebellion in the Countryside by tribals so tribals a militant gorilla movement spread in the early 1920s the colonial government had closed large Forest areas preventing people from entering the forest so tribal people foreign okay so people were tired of working as forced beggar for road construction so in the tribal people British people they do some work but without any pay they do some help without any pay character so either was helping claimed he had a variety of special powers so even on the buying them on a unique character you should know about him also alluri Sita Ram Raju claimed that he had special powers he says that he was shot and he didn't die Rebels thought he was the Incarnation of God okay so he persuaded people to wear kadhi and give up drinking he said at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force not non-violence so the the good M Rebels attacked police station in the forest area of Andhra Pradesh gurram Hills of Andhra Pradesh and the area America tribals attempted to kill British officers and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj gorilla wall for now gorilla Warfare chatrapati shivaji each time also people practiced Ilya so gorilla Warfare means Raju was then captured and executed in 1924. over time he became a folk hero so he was a folk hero you can see his statue here he was executed in 1924 okay so shall we move forward swaraj in the plantations so plantations they wanted to move freely yeah you know British plantations they do not allow them to move out I'm waiting forward when the Tea Plantation so for the plantation workers meaning tribal people they wanted Forest Area to be given to them they wanted their livelihood their lifestyle for Plantation people they wanted to move freely it meant retaining a link to the Village from which they had come under the Inland Immigration Act Plantation workers were not permitted to leave the Tea Gardens without permission okay so when they heard of the non-cooperation movement thousands of workers defied the authorities left the plantation and headed home they believed that Gandhi Raj was coming everyone would be given land in their own Villages however they never reached their destination standard on the way by a railway and a steamer strike they were caught by the police and brutally beaten videos okay summary the visions of these movements not defined by the Congress program the swaraj was interpreted in their own ways imagining it to be a time when all suffering and all troubles will be over okay yet when the tribal chanted gandhiji's name and raised slogans demanding swatantra Bharat they were also emotionally relating to an all India agitation or national level agitation when they act in the name of Mahatma Gandhi or link their movement to that of the Congress they were identifying with a movement which went beyond the limits of their immediate locality so um they were able to see beyond their locality okay foreign as it turned violent in many places foreign foreign to participate in council elections okay and young leaders like jawaharlal nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose pressed for more radical Mass agitation and for full Independence so young people Young Blood like non-violence is okay in my Congress I hope all of you are clear so tired of mass struggles some Congress leaders wanted to participate in elections so celebrate elections they felt it was important to oppose the British policies within the council foreign it was a global depression in 1925 to 1930 okay so Simon commission came Simon commissioner they are coming to India to suggest changes in the Constitutional system to suggest changes in the Constitutional system the Tory government in Britain Tori government in Britain set up the Simon commission and they are sending them to suggest changes in the Constitutional system in India the commission had no Indian member day Indian member is arrived in India in 1928 and they were greeted with slogan Simon go back Congress and the Muslim League protested against the commission so Congress Muslim League they are protesting against assignment Commission okay demand for Pune Suraj so Lord Irwin announced in October 1999 a vague offer of dominion status for India is so Congress leaders were unsatisfied specifically the radicals Subhash Chandra Bose session December 1929 formalize the demand for poorna swaraj or full Independence Dominion status 19 foreign a powerful symbol that could unite the nation so one of the most essential items of food is solved and the tax on salt was very high British people were very bad the tax on salt and Government monopoly over its production revealed the oppressive face of British full control British so on January 31 1930 Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy arvind starting sorry stating 11 demands General demands some of the demands were General others were specific demands for different classes from industrialists to peasants so over a classical demand Industries foreign then the Congress would launch Civil Disobedience campaign demands I will launch through the Congress a civil disobedience campaign so arvind was unwilling to negotiate Arvin yeah accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers so they are going on a March you see Mahatma Gandhi and 78 people office trusted volunteers they were marching from starting point sabarmati ashram destination is dandi dandi March in so long and Salt March so that distance was 240 miles so they travel 10 miles a day duration of 24 days how many people gandhiji plus 78 volunteers when did the Civil Disobedience movement start April 6th okay April 6th Civil Disobedience movement started March 12th dandi March was 12th March so March happened in March happened on 12th March 1930 and April 6th they started the Civil Disobedience movement okay I hope all of you are clear so thousands of people in different parts of the country broke the solid law manufactured soil demonstrated in front of government salt factories British the assault uh by evaporating sea water salt uruguaki British thousands of people in different parts of the country broke the solid law manufacture salt and demonstrated in front of governments all factories as the movement spread foreign cloth was boycotted liquor shops were picketed Village officials resign people violated Forest laws peasants refused to pay Revenue they are protesting and the non-cooperation movement foreign people to go and buy peasants were refusing to pay Revenue to the landlords people who are violating Forest laws and Village officials resigned they gave up their post government arrested Congress leaders arrest Congress leaders violent clashes happen in many places government responded with brutal aggression brutal repression okay so they were trying to identify all the protests okay Abdul gaffar Khan a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in April 1930. they were protesting in his locality were protesting a month later Mahatma Gandhi was also arrested violence broke out in solapur were attacked women and children were beaten and about one lakh people were arrested result of Civil Disobedience movement after they broke the salt Law Salt law broke government started to arrest Congress leaders they are they were brutal and they were very repressive who was The Devout disciple of Gandhi month later okay on 5th March 1931. okay 5th March 1931 Gandhi and Lord Irwin signed a pact so he can attend a Roundtable conference in London okay buy this pack gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table conference and called off the Civil Disobedience movement Round Table conference yes the Congress did not participate in the first round Table conference so Second Round Table conference Lord Irwin is okay so the Second Round Table conference uh was happening in London up a 1931 December negotiations broke down and gandhiji returned disappointed back in India he discovered that the government had begun new cycle of repression were arrested both were in jail the Congress had been declared illegal a series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings demonstration and boycotts Mahatma Gandhi relaunched the Civil Disobedience movement came back disappointed Congress Congress measures day um foreign by the trade depression because of falling prices as their cash income disappeared they found it impossible to pay the government's Revenue and the refusal of government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment the rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience movement for them the fight for swaraj was a struggle against High Revenue meaning okay so foreign poor present communities the relation between poor president and Congress remained uncertain Yeah in our Congress small tenants cultivating land they are rented from landlords in depression they struggle to pay rent scared of upsetting the rich presence and landlords Congress Congress did not support their no rent campaign so peasants poor president campaign I cannot pay Revenue I cannot pay rent to the landlord Congress is okay they're not supporting the no rent campaign of poor people so poor people go Congress Congress relationship uncertain hours okay involvement of industrialist Industries who made profit during the first world war were upset with the Restriction policies on business they were slightly upset they wanted protection against import of foreign goods and rupee Sterling foreign exchange so industrialists they wanted protection against foreign Goods import and rupee Sterling foreign exchange every dollar rupees rupee Sterling foreign exchange ratio they wanted some support form the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and industries in 1927 so in the organization Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress 1920 Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and industries 1927 F5 CCI prominent Industries like purushottam and Das takudas and GD birla supported the Civil Disobedience movement when it was first launched who are the industries who supported this but after the phase of First Round Table conference I mean after the failure of gandhiji's London Roundtable conference business groups were no longer uniformly enthusiastic support page okay after the failure of first around the first London gandhiji's Roundtable conference okay business people are no longer enthusiastic to support they were worried about spread of militant activities prolonged disruption of business growing influence of socialism among the younger members of the Congress so younger member of Congress like jawahlal nehru and subhasandra Bose they were very agitating they were very violent businessman Industries so they were worried about spread of militant activities militant activities my they were trying to organize prolonged disruption of business affect iron so the industrial working class did not participate in the Civil Disobedience movement in large numbers except in nagpur region so now industrial Working Class People participated in civil Discovery movement but other places they did not participate as the industries came closer to the Congress workers they are stayed after aloof the workers did not participate but in spite of that some workers did participate in the Civil Disobedience movement following boycott or foreign Goods against low wages and poor working conditions they can fight for better wages and better work conditions okay and how participants saw the moment you know slide down only 10 15 more slides we will complete it okay there were strikes by Railway workers in 1930 and dark work is 1932 in 1930 thousands of workers were Gandhi caps and participate in protest rallies and boycott campaigns but the Congress was reluctant to include workers demands as part of its program of struggle it felt that this would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces so anti-imperial now uh British case and they did not pay attention to the workers they always try to support the industrialists the rich persons and the poor person they ignored workers they ignored they could not entertain uh that is how the Congress of gandhiji jawaharlal nehru and subhas that is out to us okay women participation women also actively participated women were more of a symbolic presence foreign manufactured salt even went to jail you know they participated in protest and solid law breakpoint report they manufactured salt even but Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority in the position women's convinced that the duty of women was to look after the home Ana protest they wanted symbolic presence of women okay moved by Gandhi is called they began to serve the nation as a sacred duty of women limits of Civil Disobedience movements the dalits did not participate in the Civil Disobedience movement for a long time Congress ignored them because of fear of offending salatanis so Congress people Industries foreign so backward classes [Music] the higher class people are um so in fear of offending the higher cost that is they did not they did not help the dalit people okay so dalita Lower Class People no active participation in the movement for a long time Congress do not care about them Gandhi supported he called them harijans children of God he believed swaraj would not be attained in hundred years if untouchability was not eliminated they are also children of God he called them harijans the dalits he told in my untouchability so what are the demands of dalit the demands was Reserve seat in educational institution separate electorate that would choose valid members for registration councils believe that political empowering would resolve the problems of the social disabilities yes yes yes last 10 minutes please wait so English social problems everybody knows that so he was the one who organized dalits into depressed classes Association in 1930. the hero of dalits and he was a very big person in this part of History okay so he organized into depressed class Association in 1930 clash with gandhiji demanding separate electorate for dalits when the British government conceded ambedkar's demand gandhiji began a fast unto death gandhiji believed this would disintegrate India foreign not like anything that separated or disintegrated India Muslims is only they are they are ultimately coming together ambedkar accepted Gandhi's position and this result was the Puna pact of 1932. okay Muslims felt alienated from Congress after non-cooperation so Muslims on the they were happy when khilafat committee was there so 1990 Pro non-cooperation movement Muslims Muslims felt alienated they felt alienated from Congress after non-cooperation movement from the mid-1920s the Congress came to be more visibly associated with openly Hindu religious nationalist groups so a 1925 in the Congress was more closely attached with Hindu Hindu religious nationalist groups relations between Hindus and Muslims was bad it lead to Hindu Muslim communal clashes and riots in various cities Hindu Muslims clashes were happening after 1925 and the non-cooperation movement that Hindu Muslim Gap widened in a congress Muslims were weakened okay so at the time of Civil Disobedience movement there was an atmosphere of Suspicion and distress between communities so Civil Disobedience Muslims and the friendliness they did not trust each other so the Congress and the Muslim League Muslim League Muslim League was led by Muhammad Jinnah okay Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the leader of Muslim League so they made reference to renegotiate an alliance so Congress asked for separate electorate for Muslim dominated regions they were asking but it was outrightly turned down by Yamaha of Hindu mahasabha provoking Hindu Muslim communal rights so always we are all done we're all done we're almost done my voice is almost gone are you all clear with this happy yep so how does sense of collective belonging develop or a collective by United struggle by four color and songs variety of cultural processes history and friction popular prints and symbols United so when do you feel belonging collectively when you have United struggle when you listen to Folklore and songs so when you heard folklore and songs you feel that variety of cultural processes history and fiction popular prints and symbols all this will collectively help you develop that communal develop that Collective feeling okay so identify of India identity of India came to be visually associated with image of Bharat Mata so Bharat Mata is under strategy okay he only designed the initial Bharat Mata picture later also made it also made one more variety of it but initially it was conceptualized visualized by bankim Chandra Chatterjee Bharat Mata everybody and it was published in his book it was included and it was published okay so widely sung the swadeshi movement in Bengal is in the swadeshi movement of Bengal this was widely painted his famous image of Bharat Mata so either image and ascetic figure religious figure she is calm composed Divine and spiritual in the later Year image acquired different forms in Bengal rabindra tagore began collecting ballads nursery rhymes and myths yeah you know he led the moment of folk Revival in our folklore also brings that Collective sentiment in Bengal rabindra he collects poems ballots nurseries Rhymes myths and he led the movement in madrasa sastri published massive four volume collection of Tamil folk tales Tamil folk tales the folklore of Southern India the folklore of Southern India he believed that folklore was National literature he believed that it is the most trustworthy manifestation of people's real thoughts and characteristics okay so swadeshi movement in Bengal they had the strike color green yellow and orange it had eight lotus flower which represents the eight provinces of British India and a crescent moon representing Hindu Muslims okay representing Hindus and Muslims either on the swadeshi movement in Bengal they had this flag the tri-color flag but Gandhi also made one Gandhi made the tri-color flag like this orange white green with a wheel that that wheel in the center Spinning Wheel okay designed on a flag in 1921 that's it by the end of 19th century many Indian thought in order to instill a feeling of pride in the nation Indian history has to be thought about differently people began discovering great achievements in the past they they went back to history number history they went back to history and they draw inspiration wrote about the Glorious developments in ancient times they discovered great achievements in the past conclusion growing anger against colonial government brought together various groups and classes into common struggle for freedom and the colonial government British Empire okay the Congress under Gandhi's leadership tried to channel people's grievances into an organized movement for Independence the ultimate objective of everyone was to get freedom from the colonial rule that's it the chapter is over I hope you liked it okay so that's about it I hope you all enjoyed it so all the very best for your exam I try to help you so let me know if you enjoyed it comment down whether you like this session or comments make my day thank you so much for that is math strategy today at eight o'clock in the night so go do your best I am sure you will all come out with flying colors okay so love you take care see you in the next one until then bye all right