Overview
This lecture covers the major art forms in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the present, highlighting their characteristics, historical context, and notable examples.
Learning Outcomes & Instructions
- Write a journal entry describing examples of Philippine art forms using reliable data and facts.
- Use credible sources for journal entries, avoiding unverified information.
- The week's focus: general Philippine art forms across history, with contemporary art to be discussed next week.
Historical Periods of Philippine Art
- Philippine art history is divided into pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial periods.
- Pre-colonial art includes ethnic and Islamic influences; examples: pottery, ritual arts, Sarimanok design.
- Colonial art spans Spanish, American, and Japanese eras, each influencing art forms (e.g., religious art, innovation, education, and wartime literature).
- Post-colonial and modern eras saw the transition to contemporary Philippine arts.
Categories of Philippine Art Forms
- Art forms are grouped into: Visual Arts, Applied Arts, and Performing Arts & Others.
Visual Arts
- Visual art uses any medium (e.g., crayon, paint, camera) to represent ideas and emotions.
- Drawing: earliest form; example—Angono petroglyphs in Rizal.
- Painting: uses pigments; examples—Juan Luna's Spoliarium, Fernando Amorsolo's flag painting, Vicente Manansala’s Market Scene.
- Sculpture: three-dimensional art; examples—Cordillera bulul, Mariano Madriñan's Mater Dolorosa, Guillermo Tolentino's Oblation, Napoleon Abueva's Sandugo.
- Calligraphy: art of beautiful writing; example—Alibata/Baybayin.
- Photography: capturing images; examples—execution of Jose Rizal by Manuel Arias Rodriguez, John K. Chua’s Cebu Fish Sanctuary.
Applied Arts
- Applied art is both functional and aesthetic.
- Architecture: design and construction; examples—nipa huts, stone houses, mosques, St. Dominic de Guzman Parish, Gabaldon school buildings, Manila Post Office, Cultural Center of the Philippines.
- Fashion Design: design of garments; examples—traditional Cordillera bahag, Muslim attire, colonial era dresses.
- Pottery: functional art using clay; example—Manunggul Jar of Palawan.
- Jewelry Design: creation of ornamental pieces; includes early indigenous and colonial influences.
- Interior Design: planning interior spaces; examples—San Agustin Church, Philippine International Convention Center.
Performing Arts & Others
- Performing arts involve live creativity before an audience.
- Dance: traditional ethnic dances, religious dances (Obando, Tinikling), ballroom, festival dances.
- Music: vocal and instrumental art; gong music, Rondalla, harana/kundiman, choir music, Original Pinoy Music (OPM).
- Theater and Film: dramatic storytelling; examples—Senakulo, Moro-Moro, Zarzuela (e.g., Severino Reyes’ Walang Sugat), evolving cinema.
- Literature: art of language; examples—Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, works of Amado Hernandez, Rolando Tino, Francisco Arcellana, Jose Garcia Villa.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Visual Arts — Art using visual media to express emotions and ideas.
- Applied Arts — Art forms with practical use and functional value.
- Performing Arts — Art presented live to an audience, such as dance, music, and theater.
- Petroglyph — Ancient rock carvings or drawings.
- Calligraphy — Decorative handwriting or lettering.
- Architecture — Planning and construction of buildings.
- Pottery — Creation of objects from clay, often functional.
- OPM (Original Pinoy Music) — Contemporary Filipino popular music.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Write a journal entry citing and describing examples of Philippine art forms using reliable data and facts.
- Read assigned materials for contemporary Philippine arts for next week’s session.