Lecture Notes: Introduction to Programming Concepts

Basic Operators

• Operators include addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/).
• Examples of using integers:
  • a = 10
  • b = 20*

Input and Output

• The input() function can be used to take user inputs for name and age.
  • Example: name = input("Enter your name:")
• Print statements can display outputs such as:
  • print("My name is", name)
  • Format: print(f"My age is {age}")

Arithmetic Operations

• Functions can take inputs and perform operations like addition and multiplication.
• Example for multiplying three variables:
  • c = a * b * d

Conditional Statements

• Boolean Values: True or False conditions.
• If-Else Statements:
  • Example: if income > 7000: print("Eligible for scholarship") else: print("Not eligible for scholarship")

Modulus Operator

• Used to find the remainder.
• Example: a % b

Even or Odd Number Check

• To check if a number is even or odd:
  • if num % 2 == 0:
  • Print results accordingly.

Using Loops

• For Loops:
  • Example: for i in range(1, 11): to iterate from 1 to 10.
• While Loops:
  • Example: while i < 5: to continue until i reaches 5.

Lists and Arrays

• Create lists to store multiple items.
  • Example: numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
• Access elements by index: numbers[0]

Functions

• Define functions using def keyword to encapsulate code.
  • Example: def add(a, b): return a + b

Classes and Objects

• Creating Classes:
  • Example: class Dog: def bark(self): print("Woof!")
• Object Instantiation:
  • my_dog = Dog()

Exception Handling

• Use try and except for error handling.
  • Example: try: x = int(input("Enter a number:")) except ValueError: print("Invalid input, please enter a number.")

File Operations

• Reading and writing files using open(), read(), and write().
  • Example: with open('file.txt', 'w') as f: f.write('Hello World')

Summary

• Understanding these concepts is crucial for programming.
• Practice by writing small programs to reinforce learning.